]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. monument A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1rJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MemorialMarker</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwtQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monument</a> this collection is a large, imposing, and awe-inspiring memorial marker. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVTPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">monumentHonors</a>. Monument http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument monuments PyramidMonument A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwtQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monument</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw2bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PyramidMonument</a> is an (at least roughly) pyramid-shaped monument. Examples include the pyramid of Teotihaucan in Mexico and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzYFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PyramidOfCheops</a> in Egypt. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw2bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PyramidMonument</a> is not a specialization of the shape-type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pyramid</a>, as some instances of the former have shapes that differ too much from that of a geometrical pyramid to be instances of the latter. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw2fJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EgyptianPyramid</a>, however, is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pyramid</a>. pyramid obelisk The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0q6mJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Obelisk</a>s, each being a tall and thin, pointed, fixed free-standing monumental structure, square or triangular in cross section, and tapering with height, surmounted by a more-tapering point. Originally an Egyptian monumental design. Many Egyptian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0q6mJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Obelisk</a>s are made of single pieces of stone and are carved with hieroglyphics. A different kind occurs in Axum in Ethiopia. Obelisk Moai moais Giant stone monoliths that dot the coastline of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvX8c15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EasterIsland</a>. The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4v0HJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TriumphalArch</a>es, free standing arches constructed as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwtQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monument</a>s to commemorate great things. The first instances were constructed by the Romans. They are usually decorated and descriptions of great deeds are inscribed. triumphal arch TriumphalArch A place or construct thought to be significant in the history or cultural life of a particular national entity. This includes Monuments of national import, but also objects of rare national beauty such as Old Faithful or the Matterhorn etc. NationalMonument national monument The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvt102JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonumentalColumn</a>s, each being a tall and thin, fixed, free-standing monumental column, often round in cross-section. Examples are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUV2NJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrajansColumn</a> in Rome, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveTqApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NelsonsColumn</a> in London. monumental column MonumentalColumn A large and very elaborate white marble monument to Italian king Vittorio Emmanuele II, in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfRomeItaly</a>. It is officially called the 'Altare della Patria' (Altar of the Nation) and is the principal civil monument (as opposed to church, or Roman monument) of Italy. It houses the Museum of the Risorgimento (Italy's unifying revolution). Victor Emanuel Monument VittorioEmanueleMonument the Roman Forum RomanForum A complex of ancient Roman <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwtQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monument</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwW0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Temple</a>s, and triumphal arches surrounding an ancient Roman square. TreviFountain Trevi Fountain The largest and most famous <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvhy25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fountain_ArtObject</a> in Rome, created by N. Salvi (1762). Situated at the intersection of three roads (hence its name) and flanked by Palazzo Poli, its jets of water, rocks and statues are the creation of PietroBracci. According to the tradition, if you throw a coin in the fountain on leaving Rome, you will certainly come back. A colossal sculpture carved out of natural rock on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6Va8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GizaPlateau</a>. It is shaped like an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf0VHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EgyptianSphinx</a> - i.e., it has the body of a lion and the head of a man. GreatSphinxOfGiza the Great Sphinx of Giza StJohnInLateranBasilica St. John's Lateran <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-x4_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StJohnInLateranBasilica</a> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cathedral</a> of Rome, the mother of all churches in Rome and in the world. Founded by Constantine, during the time of Silvester (314-335) it has been destroyed and rebuilt many times. The current basilica dates from the 17th century. NavonaSquare Navona Square <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhaSFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NavonaSquare</a> occupies the spot where once stood the stadium of Domitian, which held up to 30.000 spectators. Here are three magnificient fountains. The one in the centre is the Fountain of the Four Rivers by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0kqEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GiovanniBernini_TheSculptor</a>. The church of S. Agnese in Agone, is built on the spot where, according to tradition, the virgin Agnese, denuded before her martyrdom, was mantled in her hair, which had grown miraculously to cover her. It is a magnificent Baroque building designed by G. Rainaldi and Borromini. Beneath it are some remains of the original church and of the Circus of Domitian. StatueOfLiberty Famous statue in New York City with the inscription: 'Give me your tired, your poor. Your huddled masses yearning to be free. The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless tempest-tossed to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door.' the Statue of Liberty <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_Z-VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StPaulsOutsideTheWallsBasilica</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cathedral</a> built over the burial place of the Apostle of the Gentiles and consecrated in 324. The building of the first place of worship over St. Paul's tomb has been attributed to the Emperor Constantine. A larger basilica was erected by the Emperors Valentiniano II, Theodosius and Arcadius. Destroyed by fire in 1823, it was rebuilt on the same foundations and consecrated by Pope Pius IX. StPaulsOutsideTheWallsBasilica St. Paul's Outside The Walls <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ru-8ymLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">ArtifactualFeatureType</a> is the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6-wc8BKxEdeIXwCgydofLQ" class="cyc_term">CartographicFeatureType</a>s which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s, as opposed to naturally occuring. Positive examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterReservoir</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Canal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rT2uByCTVQdeVZZaE0030Zg" class="cyc_term">Airfield</a>. Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ocean</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mesa</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a>, the corresponding collection for naturally occuring feature types. artifactual feature type ArtifactualFeatureType monument A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1rJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MemorialMarker</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwtQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monument</a> this collection is a large, imposing, and awe-inspiring memorial marker. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVTPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">monumentHonors</a>. Monument <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm monument A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1rJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MemorialMarker</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwtQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monument</a> this collection is a large, imposing, and awe-inspiring memorial marker. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVTPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">monumentHonors</a>. Monument landmark Some tangible thing which is usually a topographic feature or a large construction artifact which is well-known in an area, often of interest to travelers. Exactly what is a landmark is culture dependent, so assertions that X is a landmark should be in an mt which admits to its bias, like the western bias of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6rAIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldGeographyMt</a> Landmark <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionArtifact</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a> is a human-constructed, freestanding object that exists in a fixed location. Examples include buildings, pyramids, the Great Wall of China, dams, bridges, elevated roadways, and canals. Such structures may have parts which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a> (e.g. bridge pilings) and parts which are not freestanding (e.g. the span of a bridge, or a room in a building). fixed freestanding structure FixedStructure Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString monument A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1rJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MemorialMarker</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwtQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monument</a> this collection is a large, imposing, and awe-inspiring memorial marker. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVTPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">monumentHonors</a>. Monument monument A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1rJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MemorialMarker</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwtQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monument</a> this collection is a large, imposing, and awe-inspiring memorial marker. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVTPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">monumentHonors</a>. Monument homemade object The collection of all things which are unique and made for one customer, possibly according to that customer's specifications; made to order. Instances include tailored clothes, suspension bridges, skyscrapers, and some meals. Tract houses, manufactured houses, and (most) mobile homes are not instances of this collection, although Custom-Made memorial MemorialMarker A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SymbolicObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionArtifact</a>. Each instance of this collection is an artifact built to commemorate an individual, group of individuals or event. The collection includes gravestones, statues, and pyramids. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzmhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">honorsThing</a> and its specializations. Large and imposing instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1rJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MemorialMarker</a> fall under the more specialized collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwtQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monument</a>. A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType monument A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1rJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MemorialMarker</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwtQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monument</a> this collection is a large, imposing, and awe-inspiring memorial marker. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVTPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">monumentHonors</a>. Monument