]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. geographical agent GeographicalAgent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZGAFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiIndividualAgent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> is a group of people and/or organizations cohesive enough to be treated as an agent (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>, of which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> is also a specialization), and which occupies a particular instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">University</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Neighborhood</a>. Note that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> are viewed in two significantly different ways with respect to two different types of geography-related microtheories. In a "physical" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvydXJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalGeographyMt</a> and its submicrotheories), geographical agents are clearly distinguished from the regions they occupy. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> GEO-AGENT) is used in these contexts to denote the land mass (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>) occupied by a given geographical agent GEO-AGENT. In a "dualist" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnCA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DualistGeopoliticalMt</a> and its submicrotheories), on the other hand, geographical agents are viewed as being both agents and land masses (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>). Thus, there is little need for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> in the latter sort of context. (Despite their somewhat paradoxical flavor, dualist microtheories arguably allow Cyc to mimic commonsense reasoning about geographical agents and regions more closely than do the stricter physical microtheories.) There are also some "generic" geography microtheories (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6rAIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldGeographyMt</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvr3x_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesGeographyMt</a>) which are neutral with respect to the physical and dualist views. Also see the shared-note #$Dualist-Physical-AndGenericGeographyMtNote. geographical agents SchoolDistrict school district A collection of geographical regions. An element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SchoolDistrict</a> is typically a town-, township-, or city-sized area whose public schools (for grades K-12) are controlled by a single governing body, such as a Board of Education or School Board. Minor-aged residents of the district attend schools within that district. Typically, district schools are funded by property taxes on residents of the district. The collection of all neighborhoods, which are residential dwelling refions. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanResidenceArea</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Neighborhood</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNIHSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResidentialTerrainFeatureType</a>. Neighborhood neighborhood underdeveloped region The collection of geographical regions whose economy is characterized by having (1) very little industrialization; (2) a lack of capital; (3) low annual incomes and material poverty for most residents; and (4) low annual GNP. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbXAapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheDevelopingWorld</a>. UnderdevelopedRegion Precinct precinct The collection of all precincts. An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ru-8ymLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">ArtifactualFeatureType</a>. parish-catholic The local level of organization within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanCatholicChurch</a>. A parish is an organization headed by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBwwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CatholicPriest</a>, who leads congregations of laity in worship at one or more churches. In the past, there was typically one church site per parish, but in more recent times due to a decline in the number of new priests, some parishes have been merged. Parish-Catholic LocalImprovementDistrict The collection of all local improvement districts. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4nHDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocalImprovementDistrict</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ru-8ymLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">ArtifactualFeatureType</a>. local improvement district manor A piece of land owned by royalty. Manor A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgent</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a>; instances of this collection control <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> includes a governing body, but is more than just that governing body. Important subcollections include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Country</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">State_Geopolitical</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjM45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Province</a>. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfTokyoJapan</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP3jsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BronxNY_Borough</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Alaska_State</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rwanda</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjunpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Singapore</a>, #$InnerMongolia, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2K8eJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Somerset_CountyEngland</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Taiwan_RepublicOfChina</a>. A central feature of this collection is that geopolitical-entities (indeed, all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a>s) are viewed in two significantly different ways with respect to two different types of geography-related microtheories. In a "physical" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvydXJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalGeographyMt</a> and its submicrotheories), geopolitical-entities are clearly distinguished from the regions they control. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> GEO-POL) is used in these contexts to denote the land mass (a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviE6a5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalRegion</a>) of a given geopolitical-entity GEO-POL. In a "dualist" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnCA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DualistGeopoliticalMt</a> and its submicrotheories), on the other hand, geopolitical-entities are viewed as being both agents and land masses (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>s). Thus, there is little need for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> in the latter sort of context. (Despite their somewhat paradoxical flavor, dualist microtheories arguably allow Cyc to mimic commonsense reasoning about geopolitical entities and regions more closely than do the stricter physicalist microtheories.) There are also some "generic" geography microtheories (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6rAIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldGeographyMt</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvr3x_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesGeographyMt</a>) which are neutral with respect to the physical and dualist views. Also see the shared-note for this constant. GeopoliticalEntity political entity Melilla Melilla-Enclave as it has existed throughout history, political and physical. Melilla-Enclave Never, Russia CityOfNeverRussia This is a city near the border with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVijQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">China_PeoplesRepublic</a>. EastTexas East Texas Southern Alaska SouthernAlaska PacificRim the Pacific Rim rough area at western edge of the pacific ocean including <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkCopwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Japan</a>, the Philippines, China, the Koreas, and probably other countries. NorthernAlaska Northern Alaska MiddleEast-Region the Middle East This is the actual land region of Asia and northeastern Africa known as the Middle East. The group consisting of all the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXKxx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternCountry</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwH8J_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternCountries</a> is a group, while <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXKxx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternCountry</a> is a collection. the West WesternCountries WestTexas West Texas The geographic region composed of the Caspian Sea and the countries in its vicinity. the Caspian region CaspianRegion NorthernCalifornia northern California the Persian Gulf region The geographical region composed of the Persian Gulf and the Middle Eastern countries in its vicinity. PersianGulfRegion SouthTexas South Texas (MetropolitanAreaFn CityOfWashingtonDC) the Washington, DC metropolitan area The geopolitical region composed of the territory of the Asian countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViP55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Israel</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7c5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Syria</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lebanon</a>, and the Palestinian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrvnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WestBank</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvocNGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GazaStrip</a>. Some definitions of "Levant" include the territory of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViERpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Turkey</a>, but that is not part of this concept. the Levant region LevantRegion Caucasus-Region The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> lying between the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CaspianSea</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BlackSea</a>, and including <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfLfM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBjg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Armenia</a>, and parts of southern <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Russia</a>, northern <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv22k6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Georgia_TheNation</a>, eastern <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViERpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Turkey</a>, and northwestern <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj11JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Iran</a>. Caucasus Maghreb-Region Maghreb region The region of Europe which contained the 'Western' countries which were not a part of the Soviet Bloc during the cold war. It also excludes the Balkan states. There continues to be a clear divide between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, despite the end of the cold war. Western Europe WesternEurope CentralAmerica Central America The land area that connects NorthAmerica with SouthAmerica. NorthTexas North Texas SouthernCalifornia Southern California TexasPanhandle the Texas Panhandle The region of Africa south of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCEnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SaharaDesert</a> Sub Saharan Africa SubSaharanAfrica Southeast Asia SoutheastAsia This is the part of Asia known as southeast Asia Mongolian Mongolia-Region CityOfQuangTriVietnam City Of Quang Tri Vietnam Rio Muni RioMuni-Enclave Siberia-Region Siberia This is the actual land region of Asia known as Siberia. The land surrounding the SanFranciscoBay. Refer to its geographicalSubRegions to see the many great cities contained in this area. San Francisco Bay area SanFranciscoBayArea Puget Sound area PugetSoundArea Amazon-Region the Amazon Far East Asia FarEastAsia-Region This is the part of Asia known as far east Asia Central Texas CentralTexas the New York City metropolitan area (MetropolitanAreaFn CityOfNewYorkNY) UpstateNewYork-Region Upstate New York <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm geographical region GeographicalRegion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkDZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Tangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> is a tangible spatial region that includes some piece of the surface of a planet (usually <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkL_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a>), and may be represented on a map of the planet. This includes purely topographical regions like mountains and underwater spaces, places defined by demographics (e.g. language areas) and territory otherwise demarcated (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvi0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeZone</a>s). In "dualist" geopolitical contexts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnCA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DualistGeopoliticalMt</a>, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> are also considered to be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. In all cases the region in question must contain some tangible component with which it is possible to make physical contact. The instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> contrast in this respect with the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvc-YsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing_Intangible</a>, which are wholly intangible. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RockyMountainStates_USRegion</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9tl95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAustralia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViO4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SinaiPeninsula</a>, and -- in "dualist" geopolitical contexts -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViC4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YaleUniversity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfPittsburghPA</a>. Some important types of regions are represented by the sub-collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LanguageArea</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvi0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeZone</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWdbEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PostalCodeRegion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EcologicalRegion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP2CrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionSite</a>, and -- in "dualist" geopolitical contexts -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. No instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> are wholly indoor locations. candidate KB completeness node CandidateKBCompletenessNode Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString GeographicalAgent geographical agent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZGAFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiIndividualAgent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> is a group of people and/or organizations cohesive enough to be treated as an agent (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>, of which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> is also a specialization), and which occupies a particular instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">University</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Neighborhood</a>. Note that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> are viewed in two significantly different ways with respect to two different types of geography-related microtheories. In a "physical" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvydXJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalGeographyMt</a> and its submicrotheories), geographical agents are clearly distinguished from the regions they occupy. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> GEO-AGENT) is used in these contexts to denote the land mass (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>) occupied by a given geographical agent GEO-AGENT. In a "dualist" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnCA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DualistGeopoliticalMt</a> and its submicrotheories), on the other hand, geographical agents are viewed as being both agents and land masses (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>). Thus, there is little need for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> in the latter sort of context. (Despite their somewhat paradoxical flavor, dualist microtheories arguably allow Cyc to mimic commonsense reasoning about geographical agents and regions more closely than do the stricter physical microtheories.) There are also some "generic" geography microtheories (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6rAIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldGeographyMt</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvr3x_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesGeographyMt</a>) which are neutral with respect to the physical and dualist views. Also see the shared-note #$Dualist-Physical-AndGenericGeographyMtNote. GeographicalAgent geographical agent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZGAFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiIndividualAgent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> is a group of people and/or organizations cohesive enough to be treated as an agent (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>, of which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> is also a specialization), and which occupies a particular instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">University</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Neighborhood</a>. Note that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> are viewed in two significantly different ways with respect to two different types of geography-related microtheories. In a "physical" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvydXJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalGeographyMt</a> and its submicrotheories), geographical agents are clearly distinguished from the regions they occupy. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> GEO-AGENT) is used in these contexts to denote the land mass (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>) occupied by a given geographical agent GEO-AGENT. In a "dualist" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnCA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DualistGeopoliticalMt</a> and its submicrotheories), on the other hand, geographical agents are viewed as being both agents and land masses (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>). Thus, there is little need for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> in the latter sort of context. (Despite their somewhat paradoxical flavor, dualist microtheories arguably allow Cyc to mimic commonsense reasoning about geographical agents and regions more closely than do the stricter physical microtheories.) There are also some "generic" geography microtheories (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6rAIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldGeographyMt</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvr3x_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesGeographyMt</a>) which are neutral with respect to the physical and dualist views. Also see the shared-note #$Dualist-Physical-AndGenericGeographyMtNote. MultiIndividualAgent-Intelligent The collection of groups of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s whose members operate together to form a kind of collective <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZGAFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiIndividualAgent</a>). Groups of this sort satisfy the minimal condition for intelligent agency, viz., they are capable of acting purposefully. group of intelligent agents acting together type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TemporalStuffType GeographicalAgent geographical agent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZGAFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiIndividualAgent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> is a group of people and/or organizations cohesive enough to be treated as an agent (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>, of which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> is also a specialization), and which occupies a particular instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">University</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Neighborhood</a>. Note that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> are viewed in two significantly different ways with respect to two different types of geography-related microtheories. In a "physical" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvydXJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalGeographyMt</a> and its submicrotheories), geographical agents are clearly distinguished from the regions they occupy. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> GEO-AGENT) is used in these contexts to denote the land mass (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>) occupied by a given geographical agent GEO-AGENT. In a "dualist" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnCA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DualistGeopoliticalMt</a> and its submicrotheories), on the other hand, geographical agents are viewed as being both agents and land masses (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>). Thus, there is little need for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> in the latter sort of context. (Despite their somewhat paradoxical flavor, dualist microtheories arguably allow Cyc to mimic commonsense reasoning about geographical agents and regions more closely than do the stricter physical microtheories.) There are also some "generic" geography microtheories (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6rAIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldGeographyMt</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvr3x_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesGeographyMt</a>) which are neutral with respect to the physical and dualist views. Also see the shared-note #$Dualist-Physical-AndGenericGeographyMtNote. Agent-PartiallyTangible The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>s that are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. tangible agent