]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. partTypes Part Types A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollectionPredicate</a> that is a type-level correlate of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parts</a> (q.v.). This predicate relates types of individuals to the types of parts they have. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUapdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partTypes</a> WHOLETYPE PARTTYPE)</code> means that for every instance <code>WHOLEINST</code> of <code>WHOLETYPE</code> there exists at least one instance <code>PARTINST</code> of <code>PARTTYPE</code> such that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parts</a> <code>WHOLEINST PARTINST)</code> holds. Important specializations of this predicate include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVwjnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalPartTypes</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfN6f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEventTypes</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgq1joHO1QdicgbqxtOORbw" class="cyc_term">properSubEventTypes</a> (qq.v.). subTimeSliceType Sub Time Slice Type (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKoODJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subTimeSliceType</a> LONGER-TYPE SHORTER-TYPE) means that for every instance X of LONGER-TYPE, there is an instance Y of SHORTER-TYPE such that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> X Y). Examples: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKoODJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subTimeSliceType</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjA75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">October</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Halloween</a>), (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKoODJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subTimeSliceType</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjA75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">October</a>). See also the comments on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKoODJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subTimeSliceType</a>. Note that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKoODJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subTimeSliceType</a> LONGER-TYPE SHORTER-TYPE) does not necessarily entail (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSfld5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">superTimeSliceType</a> SHORTER-TYPE LONGER-TYPE). subSituationTypes A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEPHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">temporallySubsumes_TypeType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUapdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partTypes</a> (qq.v.). This predicate is a type-level correlate of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnfLX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subSituations</a> (q.v.), and is used to state that situations (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>) of one given type always have temporal situations of another given type as sub-situations. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8XvQYVJGEdaKLgBgCEAsSQ" class="cyc_term">subSituationTypes</a> SUPERTYPE SUBTYPE)</code> means that for every instance <code>SUPERINST</code> of <code>SUPERTYPE</code>, there is an instance <code>SUBINST</code> of <code>SUBTYPE</code> such that <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnfLX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subSituations</a> SUPERINST SUBINST)</code>. For example, <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8XvQYVJGEdaKLgBgCEAsSQ" class="cyc_term">subSituationTypes</a> UnderstandingBachelorhood UnderstandingManhood)</code> might mean that anyone's being in a situation (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvduFtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalState</a>) of understanding the concept of bachelorhood involves being in a situation of understanding the concept of manhood. An important specialization of this predicate is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfN6f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEventTypes</a>. subsituation type physicalPartTypes (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVwjnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalPartTypes</a> OBJ-TYPE PART-TYPE) means that every instance of the collection OBJ-TYPE has at least one instance of the collection PART-TYPE as a physical part (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a>). Physical Part Types properPartTypes A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY765JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RuleMacroPredicate</a>. Where <code>TYPE1</code> and <code>TYPE2</code> are both specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>, <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfGX2evL4QdiYbM1xOsBkLQ" class="cyc_term">properPartTypes</a> TYPE1 TYPE2)</code> means that every instance of <code>TYPE1</code> has an instance of <code>TYPE2</code> as a proper part. necessary part type AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate antisymmetric binary predicate A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqjtVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicateTypeByLogicalFeature</a> and thus a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>. A binary predicate <code>PRED</code> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcn7lJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate</a> if and only if it has the following two properties. (i) For any <code>THING1</code> and <code>THING2</code> such that both <code>(PRED THING1 THING2)</code> and <code>(PRED THING2 THING1)</code> hold, <code>THING1</code> = <code>THING2</code>. (ii) <code>PRED</code>'s two argument-places must be "co-satisfiable" with respect to their (single-argument) type constraints (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rMAu9NKNbQdeYcfFK9WMtAA" class="cyc_term">cosatisfiableInArgs</a> and #$NoteOnArgumentCosatisfiabilityRequirement). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcn7lJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">greaterThanOrEqualTo</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parts</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>. See also the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWVh_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AsymmetricBinaryPredicate</a>; and cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEoapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SymmetricBinaryPredicate</a>. Part Types partTypes A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollectionPredicate</a> that is a type-level correlate of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parts</a> (q.v.). This predicate relates types of individuals to the types of parts they have. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUapdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partTypes</a> WHOLETYPE PARTTYPE)</code> means that for every instance <code>WHOLEINST</code> of <code>WHOLETYPE</code> there exists at least one instance <code>PARTINST</code> of <code>PARTTYPE</code> such that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parts</a> <code>WHOLEINST PARTINST)</code> holds. Important specializations of this predicate include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVwjnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalPartTypes</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfN6f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEventTypes</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgq1joHO1QdicgbqxtOORbw" class="cyc_term">properSubEventTypes</a> (qq.v.). first-order collection An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNooX_CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. FirstOrderCollection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViI_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PredicateType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi1SpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollectionPredicate</a> (q.v.). First-order collection predicates are used to make statements about first-order collections or types, primarily in order to say something about their instances. They generally provide a simpler way of stating what could be stated (albeit less tersely) without the use of collection-predicates (viz. by referring more directly to the instances themselves). More precisely: each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollectionPredicate</a> is a predicate at least one of whose relata is always a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> (q.v.). Such predicates are typically used to make ground-atomic sentences (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcyGiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLClosedAtomicSentence</a>) that are in principle equivalent to certain quantified sentences that involve no set-or-collection-predicates. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_Uc5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsaForType</a> is a "type-level" correlate of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a> that enables one to place a particular argument-type constraint on every instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjatpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelationshipType</a> in one fell-swoop. Thus, a ground-atomic sentence <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_Uc5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsaForType</a> RELNTYPE ARGNUM COL)</code> is equivalent to the quantified sentence <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">forAll</a> ?RELN (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">implies</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ?RELN RELNTYPE) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a> ?RELN ARGNUM COL))) . </pre> FirstOrderCollectionPredicate type predicate TransitiveBinaryPredicate transitive binary predicate A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqjtVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicateTypeByLogicalFeature</a> and thus a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>. A binary predicate <code>PRED</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransitiveBinaryPredicate</a> only if it has the following property: For any <code>THING1</code>, <code>THING2</code>, and <code>THING3</code>, if both of these hold: <pre> (PRED THING1 THING2) (PRED THING2 THING3) </pre> Then so does this: <pre> (PRED THING1 THING3) . </pre> Note that a necessary condition on <code>PRED</code>'s being transitive is that its two argument-places must be co-satisfiable; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rMAu9NKNbQdeYcfFK9WMtAA" class="cyc_term">cosatisfiableInArgs</a> and #$NoteOnArgumentCosatisfiabilityRequirement. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransitiveBinaryPredicate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">greaterThan</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">geographicalSubRegions</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">cotemporal</a>. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruBrrHqlNEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">QuasiTransitiveBinaryPredicate</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4vcWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate</a>. Part Types partTypes A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollectionPredicate</a> that is a type-level correlate of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parts</a> (q.v.). This predicate relates types of individuals to the types of parts they have. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUapdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partTypes</a> WHOLETYPE PARTTYPE)</code> means that for every instance <code>WHOLEINST</code> of <code>WHOLETYPE</code> there exists at least one instance <code>PARTINST</code> of <code>PARTTYPE</code> such that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parts</a> <code>WHOLEINST PARTINST)</code> holds. Important specializations of this predicate include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVwjnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalPartTypes</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfN6f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEventTypes</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgq1joHO1QdicgbqxtOORbw" class="cyc_term">properSubEventTypes</a> (qq.v.). The specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a> whose instances are reflexive relations. A reflexive binary predicate relates anything that meets the predicate's argument constraints to that thing itself. Typically, a reflexive predicate has precisely the same constraints on both of its argument-places. More precisely: a binary predicate <code>PRED</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPTrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReflexiveBinaryPredicate</a> if and only if both (i) for every <code>X</code> that satisfies the constraints on (i.e is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQVpy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">admittedArgument</a> for) both argument-places of <code>PRED</code>, <code>(PRED X X)</code> holds and (ii) <code>PRED</code>'s two argument-places are "co-satisfiable" with respect to their (single-argument) type constraints (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rMAu9NKNbQdeYcfFK9WMtAA" class="cyc_term">cosatisfiableInArgs</a> and #$NoteOnArgumentCosatisfiabilityRequirement). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPTrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReflexiveBinaryPredicate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inRegion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">equals</a>. ReflexiveBinaryPredicate reflexive binary predicate RuleMacroPredicate A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4oJWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MacroRelation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi1SpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollectionPredicate</a> (qq.v.) whose instances are used to form shorthand expressions for more complex sentences. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY765JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RuleMacroPredicate</a> is correlated -- via an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjg7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">expansion</a> (q.v.) assertion -- with a certain template for a class of (possibly quantified) CycL sentences. A closed sentence (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcyGiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLClosedAtomicSentence</a>) built from (i.e. whose "0th" argument is) a given rule-macro-predicate is treated by the Cyc system as fully semantically equivalent to the (usually more complex) corresponding sentence fitting the template. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> is a rule-macro-predicate whose expansion assertion is <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjg7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">expansion</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">implies</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ?OBJ :ARG1) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ?OBJ :ARG2)) </pre> Thus <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Poodle</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>)</code> is shorthand for the rule <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">implies</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ?OBJ <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Poodle</a>) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ?OBJ <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>)) </pre> Note that virtually any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollectionPredicate</a> (q.v.) could in principle be made into a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY765JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RuleMacroPredicate</a> and given a similar treatment. Cyc rule macro predicate