]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Transform-Topic transform-topic OtherRelevantConstants-Transform-Topic other relevant constants transform topic inputsDestroyed The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWWNUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputsDestroyed</a> is used to relate a particular event to the item or items destroyed in that event. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWWNUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputsDestroyed</a> EVENT OBJECT)</code> means that <code>OBJECT</code> exists before <code>EVENT</code>, is affected by <code>EVENT</code>, and due to that involvement, ends its existence at some time during <code>EVENT</code>. Note that <code>OBJECT</code> may or may not be acting deliberately (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1fHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">deliberateActors</a>) in <code>EVENT</code>. thing destroyed making something A collection of creation events -- a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbkWe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreatingAnArtifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpKVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of this collection involves some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> thing being made (by some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>) from raw materials or from parts. The end result (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbX4VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">productsCreated</a>) might or might not be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a>. Examples include baking a loaf of bread and assembling a high-fidelity audio component. See also the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Constructing</a>. MakingSomething shredding A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4jqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SeparationEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjiPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShreddingEvent</a>, some item or items are destroyed by a large number of ripping (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViStpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ripping</a>) sub-events. An example would be the tearing of office files into tiny pieces by a machine designed for that purpose. A shirt suddenly tearing due to pressure applied by the wearer's muscles would, however, not be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjiPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShreddingEvent</a>, but only of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViStpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ripping</a>. ShreddingEvent packing Packing A collection of events. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjxM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packing</a>, some object(s) is/are put into a package. Note: Although <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjxM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packing</a> is a type of event, not a type of process, nevertheless one sometimes `packs an item' for shipment by partially disassembling it and then `packing it' in several packages, and that is seen as one single instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjxM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packing</a>, even though each of the individual packages being packed is also seen as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjxM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packing</a>. For a related concept, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2b5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PackagingEvent</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StateOfMatterChangeEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Freezing</a> is an event in which an object is cooled to a temperature at or below its freezing point (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">freezingPoint</a>), and is thereby changed from a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a> to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a>. Freezing freezing dissolving event Dissolving A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEWsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dissolving</a>, a solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution. DigestionEvent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViylJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDecompositionEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj84pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TranslationAlongInternalLivingStructure</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DigestionEvent</a> is a process in which a single animal converts food into substances that can be assimilated by the body. This collection should not be confused with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DigestingInStomach</a>, each instance of which occurs only in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stomach</a>; an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DigestionEvent</a> spans the whole <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DigestiveSystem</a>, from start to finish. digestion This predicate relates a given purposeful action of physically creating or destroying something to an unintended tangible "output" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputs</a>) of that action. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">byProducts</a> EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is one of the outputs of EVENT, but not one of its intended outputs. For intended outputs, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">products</a>. Note that no output can be _both_ a product and a by-product of the same event, i.e. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEKXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negationPreds</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">products</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">byProducts</a>) holds. by-product byProducts A collection of events. In each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalFusionEvent</a>, living structures fuse to form a single living structure. biological fusion BiologicalFusionEvent marking A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVik0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaterialHandling</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MarkingOnASurface</a> is an event in which visible markings are placed on a surface by an agent (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>). The marking may be done by adding material to a surface (as in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Painting_Activity</a>) or removing material from a surface (as in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP2EIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EngravingEvent</a>). MarkingOnASurface Melting A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, an object is heated to (and then above) its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">freezingPoint</a> and is thereby changed from a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a> to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a>. melting BiologicalReproductionEvent reproduction event A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjED5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProductionEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalReproductionEvent</a> is an event in which one or more instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> (q.v.) (related to the event by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parentActors</a>) produce at least one new instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> (related to the event by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">offspringActors</a>), generally of the same kind as the parents. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalReproductionEvent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AsexualReproductionEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualReproductionEvent</a>. boiling A collection of events and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StateOfMatterChangeEvent</a>. In each instance of this collection some liquid matter is raised to its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">boilingPoint</a> and is thereby changed from being in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a> to being in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gaseous_StateOfMatter</a>. (Note: this does not cover cases of heat or evacuation causing a solid to sublime directly into a gas.) See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-fJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoilingFood</a>, which is not a specialization of this collection since it is not the food itself which is being boiled but the water in which it is cooking. Boiling secreting SecretionEvent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmittingStuff</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjED5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProductionEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SecretionEvent</a> is an event in which a living animal or plant secretes from its body some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Secretion_Bodily</a> (q.v.). A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extruding</a> event, the shape of something is changed by forcing it through a die. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi65pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extruding</a> must be in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a>, which also includes plastic/putty-like solids. Unless the die changes shape during the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extruding</a>, the output is a generalized cylinder, whose cross-section is the shape of the hole(s) in the die, and whose length is usually much larger than its diameter. Sometimes the output remains in more or less <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a>, and so quickly loses this shape, such as happens when a soft-ice-cream dispenser extrudes a ribbon of ice cream. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjx7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Molding</a>. Extruding extrusion Mixing mixing A collection of events: an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVQm5kOVJQdaQE49TKF8KuQ" class="cyc_term">CreationTypeByMethod</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpKVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Incorporation_Physical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVik0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaterialHandling</a>. In each instance of this collection two or more substances are combined to form a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjon5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mixture</a>. Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBmE6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Diluting</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQGDefBmGEdaAAABgCEAsSQ" class="cyc_term">Aerosolizing</a>. molding Molding A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjx7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Molding</a>, a mold is used to form a softened substance so that it hardens into (and retains) a specific shape. MetalPlating A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MetalPlating</a> event, an object made of metal is coated with a very thin layer of a different metal. The coating process is done in such a way as to permanently bond the two layers. metal plating SeparationEvent A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SeparationEvent</a>, an object is cut, scraped, broken, cracked or pulverized, so that part of the object is no longer attached where it once was. Note that the part need not be completely separated from the object; it may still be attached in places. See the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Separation_Complete</a> for the case of complete separation. separating catabolism A collection of events. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalCatabolismEvent</a> involve the destruction of larger molecules. E.g., the degradation of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, which releases energy used to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate). BiologicalCatabolismEvent output created An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> that relates <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>s to things -- tangible objects or other "enduring" things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>) -- created by those events. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a> EVENT OBJECT)</code> means that <code>OBJECT</code> doesn't exist before <code>EVENT</code> but comes into existence sometime during <code>EVENT</code>, as a result of <code>EVENT</code>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV5E85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nonDeliberateActors</a>, since it would in general be impossible for <code>OBJECT</code> to act deliberately in its own creation. outputsCreated publishing A collection of events. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2hpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PublishingWrittenMaterial</a>, a book or periodical is transformed from manuscript or typescript form to a form suitable for retail sale or public distribution. This collection can include any kind of publishing, from manuscript copies to print media to electronic publishing. PublishingWrittenMaterial ShapingSomething A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVik0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaterialHandling</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapingSomething</a> is an event in which something (usually more or less "plastic" in nature) is given a definite shape, or has its shape changed, through the purposeful actions of an agent that cause a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvp78r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapeChangeEvent</a> (q.v.). Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO0U9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carving</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sewing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS3Ou5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpreadingOntoSurface</a>. In many (but not all) cases, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapingSomething</a> is also a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpKVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a> (see e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingPottery</a>). Normally, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapingSomething</a> concerns the basic, overall shape of the object of change (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a>). Thus, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjq2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolishingSomething</a> event is not a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapingSomething</a>, as it doesn't affect the basic shape of the object being polished. shaping inputsCommitted A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3DZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputs</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">commitsForFutureUses</a> that is used to state that an input (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3DZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputs</a>) to an event is incorporated into some output (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputs</a>) of that event, but remains recognizable rather than being destroyed. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPtrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputsCommitted</a> EVENT OBJECT)</code> means that <code>OBJECT</code> exists before <code>EVENT</code> and continues to exist afterwards, and as a result of <code>EVENT</code>, <code>OBJECT</code> becomes incorporated into something created during <code>EVENT</code>. Once incorporated into the output of <code>EVENT</code>, <code>OBJECT</code> can't be independently incorporated in any other creation event. For example, bricks that are used to build a wall continue to exist as bricks once the wall has been built. While a part of the wall, a brick cannot be used as an independent input in another creation event. (See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>.) Note that there is a grey area between <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPtrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputsCommitted</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWWNUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputsDestroyed</a>; the less possible it is to take apart the relevant <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputs</a> of <code>EVENT</code> and get <code>OBJECT</code> back as an independent thing, the more likely it is that the relationship between <code>EVENT</code> and <code>OBJECT</code> should be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWWNUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputsDestroyed</a>, rather than <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPtrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputsCommitted</a>. input incorporated into the end result centrifuging A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, a fluid is centrifuged (ie., spun rapidly around, simulating a very strong gravitational force) in order to separate suspended particles of varying density. Centrifuging MakingAReservation booking A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWD1HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAReservation</a> event, something (e.g., a room, table, car) is reserved for future use by an agent. IBOCreation creation of an information-bearing object A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpKVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> is an event in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (hereafter IBO) is created. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> include publishing a book, making a film, printing a photograph, molding a plastic credit card, painting a billboard, and minting a coin. When an IBO is created, its content may be either original, be copied from a prior <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>, or be instantiated from an existing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWLaoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">iboCreated</a>. Ablation ablation A collection of events. In an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ablation</a>, a (usually relatively thin) layer of material is removed from the surface of an object. fusion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4pZgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalSynthesis</a>, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVQm5kOVJQdaQE49TKF8KuQ" class="cyc_term">CreationTypeByMethod</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViteJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FusionEvent</a>, two or more objects fuse together, yielding a newly-created thing. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalFusionEvent</a>. FusionEvent A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingConstructionArtifact</a> event, some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionArtifact</a> (bridges, houses, stadiums, airports, fences, etc.) is created. making a construction artifact MakingConstructionArtifact blending A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blending</a> event, the substance involved (one or more) is stirred so vigorously that it liquefies (if it isn't already liquid) or becomes a smoother liquid. Where two or more substances are involved, the output is a mixture of all the substances that were <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3DZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputs</a> to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blending</a>. Blending Chewing A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chewing</a> event, foodstuff is mashed in the mouth. An element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chewing</a> consists of a large number of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biting</a> sub-events. Anatomical resources required for a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chewing</a> are a tongue and whatever hard surfaces the species involved uses for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biting</a>, e.g., teeth. The teeth go up and down or grind, and the tongue maneuvers the food around. chewing This predicate is used to identify a particular source of energy used in a particular event. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">energySourceForEvent</a> EVENT ENERGYSOURCE)</code> means that <code>ENERGYSOURCE</code> provides (some of) the energy used in <code>EVENT</code>. <code>ENERGYSOURCE</code> might be a battery, the sun, a person, etc. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0Pmo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">providesPowerFor</a>. energySourceForEvent energy source MakingLegalAgreement making a legal agreement A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2a5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingLegalAgreement</a> event, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgreement</a> is forged. wasteProducts (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">wasteProducts</a> EV OBJ) means that OBJ is one of the by-products of EV which is disposed of, rather than used or sold. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWDBWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">unwantedMatter</a>. waste product DiggingAHole burrow A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DiggingAHole</a>, one or more agents (usually <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>s) removes material from some substrate (such as the soil), so that a hole is formed. If the digger is a person, tools or heavy equipment may be used; other organisms just use their claws, snouts, etc. A borderline case of this concept occurs when a plant's roots grow. Another borderline case occurs when an animal finds an existing hole and enlarges it. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4jqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProcess</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDestructionEvent</a>, some instance(s) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> (q.v.) are destroyed. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDestructionEvent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalCatabolismEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DigestionEvent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViylJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDecompositionEvent</a>. BiologicalDestructionEvent biological destruction PhysicalTransformationEvent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4jqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpKVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a> at least one thing ceases to exist and at least one thing comes into existence (and usually at least some portion of the thing(s) destroyed becomes incorporated into the thing(s) created). An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationProcess</a>, the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a>s that are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">transformedInto</a>. transform assembling Assembling A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Assembling</a> event, physical objects are combined by fastening them together in some way to produce a new object. ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial forging A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4o5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial</a> event, an object's shape changes without any of its parts being removed. eating A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConsumingFoodOrDrink</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EatingEvent</a> is an event which involves the consumption of a portion of food by one animal. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EatingEvent</a> is a meal or snack taken in its entirety; it is a series of individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EatingAMorsel</a> (q.v.) events. EatingEvent declaring cease fire A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeclaringCeaseFire</a> event, some parties are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVihhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a> to halt their armed conflict. DeclaringCeaseFire road construction A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoadConstructing</a> event, a new <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkCmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathForWheeledVehicles</a> is made or incrementally added to. RoadConstructing DrinkingEvent drinking A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConsumingFoodOrDrink</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVju7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrinkingEvent</a>, one animal consumes a portion of some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Drink</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVju7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrinkingEvent</a> typically consists of several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjFM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrinkingASip</a> (q.v.). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EatingEvent</a>. PulverizationEvent pulverizing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4jqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjsz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PulverizationEvent</a>, some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a> is reduced to a large number of small particles (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Particle</a>) through the application of a force. DecompositionProcess A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SeparationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationProcess</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViy3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DecompositionProcess</a> is an event in which some object's matter undergoes chemical reactions (sometimes mediated by microorganisms) that result in the object losing its shape and other material characteristics. decomposition An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rP3AFIJ1FQdidOJS_SVP6IQ" class="cyc_term">FluidFiltrationProcess</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidFiltrationProcess_Artificial</a> is an event in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjR45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidTangibleThing</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjADJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Air</a> or (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzX35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LiquidFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>)) passes through a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalFilter</a>. During this process, any particles in the fluid that are too large to pass through the filter's pores are removed by the filter; the fluid is thereby purified. FluidFiltrationProcess-Artificial filtering A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4jqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGEQARP9FQdeXu9qRn6u19g" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism_Unique</a> consists of one living organism ending (either intentionally or unintentionally) the life of one other living organism. Events of this type start sometime prior to the death of the individual (We leave it open whether, in some cases, some of the events leading up the the death of the individual are part of the killing event) and ends at the last moment of the individual's death. KillingByOrganism-Unique killing by organism unique PhysicalTransformationProcess The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a>s that also are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. That is, each of their temporal parts is also a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a>, in which something is destroyed and something created. Note: It is often the case that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a> is NOT a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationProcess</a> --- e.g., there may be several preparation stages, and then at the end everything is brought together and the foaming starts, or the butterfly emerges, or whatever transformation occurs. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationProcess</a> is a small subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a> (qv). transformation process hire A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVihhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJp9kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationalTransferIn</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmployeeHiring</a> is an event in which some agent -- either an organization or a person -- hires a person to work as its employee. Note that a hiring event is viewed as occurring at the time the prospective employee accepts an offer of a job, rather than the (possibly later) time s/he first begins that job. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">employees</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorkAgreement</a>. EmployeeHiring FluidFiltrationProcess fluid filtration process An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidFlow_Translation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveuQaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurificationProcess</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rP3AFIJ1FQdidOJS_SVP6IQ" class="cyc_term">FluidFiltrationProcess</a> is an event in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjR45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidTangibleThing</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjADJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Air</a> or (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzX35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LiquidFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>)) passes through a (natural or artificial) filtering mechanism. During this process, any particles in the fluid that are too large to pass through the filter's pores are removed by the filter; the fluid is thereby purified. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidFiltrationProcess_Artificial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r78Yc_J1FQdiZuPPDf9rZSQ" class="cyc_term">FluidFiltrationProcess_Natural</a>. RegisteringForAService A collection of events. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegisteringForAService</a> entails an act of recording one's identity (usually at least by name) and making an agreement to pay for a service to be rendered at some future time, perhaps almost immediately. Typical examples are registering at a university, registering to attend a conference, registering for a hotel room, etc. Payment (or some guarantee of payment) typically occurs at the time of registration, before the service is received. registration A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqkmqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Emergency</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1YzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisasterEvent</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4jqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a> in which at least some of the objects destroyed or harmed are considered to be of significant value. (We use 'value' in its most general sense, to include monetary value, social value, moral value, etc.) Obviously, this is a very subjective and norm-laden concept; however, there are many things which clearly qualify as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1YzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisasterEvent</a>s, e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzukAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TitanicSinking</a>, #$BombingOfHiroshima, and #$TerroristAttack-September-11-2001-NYC-PENN-WDC. Two important specializations are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfblKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalDisaster</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY49wZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ManMadeDisaster</a>. disaster DisasterEvent Explosion explosion A collection of events, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4J5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyConversionProcess</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViy3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DecompositionProcess</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD3bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Explosion</a> is an event that involves a chaotic release of energy. It is not exactly controlled, even in the best circumstances, though it may be contained and channelled to do useful work (such as within the cylinders of a car engine, or when a hole is blasted for a backyard swimming pool.). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rchUpcGuuEdeMWAADR6QijQ" class="cyc_term">Deflagration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rchUCYmuuEdeMWAADR6QijQ" class="cyc_term">Detonation</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsKidpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NuclearExplosion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrry3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Supernova</a>. fertilization ReproductiveFertilizationEvent A collection of events. In each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReproductiveFertilizationEvent</a>, gametes fuse to form a zygote. manufacturing run ManufacturingRun A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViECZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ManufacturingRun</a> is a single iteration of a process that intentionally produces a stream of products. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViECZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ManufacturingRun</a> may consist of several steps, each of which is typically a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Manufacturing</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViECZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ManufacturingRun</a> does not include ancillary events associated with the manufacturing, such as collection of materials, disposal of waste, or quality control inspection of the product. Those other events are sibling <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViECZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ManufacturingRun</a>, within a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViW6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductionEvent</a>. A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructingABuilding</a> event, a new <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Building</a> is made. ConstructingABuilding building construction A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViylJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDecompositionEvent</a>, some living structures are decomposed. BiologicalDecompositionEvent biological decomposition death Dying A collection of events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a> is an event in which a living organism (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>) ceases to live and thus ceases to exist. The physical portion of the organism may remain, but that is not considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeadAnimal</a>). Note that the expiring animal is related to its dying event by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV_GH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bodilyDoer</a> (q.v.)--in contrast to the role an organism plays when it is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-X8snMEGEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">organismKilled</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism</a> event (which will have some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a> event among its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>), and cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a>. SexualReproductionEvent sexual reproduction A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalReproductionEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualReproductionEvent</a>, two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parentActors</a> produce one or more offspring. Sexual activity which does not result in offspring is not included in this concept. On the other hand, if offspring begin to develop, but never finish (e.g., it just hasn't finished yet, or the mother dies, or the offspring is aborted, or the offspring doesn't survive to independence, etc.), then that is still considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualReproductionEvent</a> but an incomplete one. The example of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualReproductionEvent</a> most familiar to most people is when two mammals, one male and one female, mate; sperm from the male combines with one or more eggs inside the female and the resulting offspring develop(s), inside the female parent and dependent upon her for nutrition, until it/they is/are born. However, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualReproductionEvent</a> is more general than that, and would include these examples: Two birds mate; the female lays one or more eggs; both parents incubate the eggs until they hatch. Two fish engage in courtship; the female expells her eggs; the male expells his sperm on top of them, and they swim away leaving many fertilized eggs to develop into juvenile fish. One oak tree's flowers give off airborne pollen; some grains land on the stigma of another tree's flower and fertilize the ovary inside, which then develops into an acorn which is shed by the female parent at the end of summer. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6wB1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CooperationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVihhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a> is an event in which two or more agents specify the terms of an agreement (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>) to which they will be agreeing parties (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">agreeingAgents</a>), and subsequently enter into that agreement. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVihhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj9TJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EngagementEventPart_BecomingEngaged</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmployeeHiring</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeclaringCeaseFire</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWD1HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAReservation</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwL9R45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BreakingAnAgreement</a>. MakingAnAgreement authorization construction A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj-OJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingSomething</a>. In each instance of this collection, one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionArtifact</a>s, such as a house or a road, are made (or incrementally enlarged or remodeled). Constructing PreparingFoodOrDrink preparation of food or drink A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrOVYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PreparingFoodOrDrink</a> is an event in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodOrDrink</a> is created. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PreparingFoodOrDrink</a> may be an event in which preparation is done `from scratch', using raw ingredients, or it may be an event in which semi-prepared or `convenience' products (such as cake mixes, margarita mixes, or frozen foods) are used. Typical sub-events (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>) in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PreparingFoodOrDrink</a> include activities commonly performed by cooks and/or bartenders, including instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChoppingSomething</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CookingFood</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViu0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BakingFood</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MixingAlcoholicDrinks</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PreparingFoodOrDrink</a> ends when the item prepared is ready to eat. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PreparingFoodOrDrink</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6qJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GrillingFood</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SteamingFood</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PreparingABeverage</a>. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputs</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWDKWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">preActors</a> that relates physical destruction events to surviving parts of the things destroyed in those events. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWTgkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsRemaining</a> EVENT OBJECT)</code> means that <code>OBJECT</code> persists after <code>EVENT</code>, and that it existed before <code>EVENT</code> as an identifiable part of one of the things destroyed during <code>EVENT</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWWNUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputsDestroyed</a>). Examples: (1) when a sheet of plywood is sawn through, the original board is destroyed and the remaining-outputs are the two smaller plywood pieces; (2) when a mixture undergoes a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rP3AFIJ1FQdidOJS_SVP6IQ" class="cyc_term">FluidFiltrationProcess</a>, the mixture itself is destroyed, while both the material that was in suspension (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuam5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">suspendedPart</a>) and the fluid it was suspended in (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuX4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">suspendingFluid</a>) are remaining-outputs. output remaining afterwards outputsRemaining A collection of events, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4J5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyConversionProcess</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViy3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DecompositionProcess</a>. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjATpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CombustionProcess</a> is an event in which rapid oxidation is taking place. These always have heat as an output and often involve emission of light as well (typically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Flame</a>s). The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi65pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjATpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CombustionProcess</a> is at least partly consumed. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_hJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Flammability</a>. burning CombustionProcess A collection of events. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-l9qZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SublimatingToSolid</a>, a gas is cooled to (or its pressure lowered to) the point where the gas molecules solidify into a solid. This is the reverse process of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7wKnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sublimating</a> to a gas. SublimatingToSolid deposition process A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Galvanizing</a> event, iron or steel is coated with zinc. This coating is usually accomplished by hot-dipping, but can be done with the aid of an electric current. galvanization Galvanizing A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDestructionEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1IRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZUIfvvHEQdaRB6WbSoNa2w" class="cyc_term">DyingOfBLO</a> is an event of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>'s dying. For the more specific collection of deaths of whole organisms, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgt3J9vHOQdaato4vJljDZw" class="cyc_term">deathOf</a>. dying of BLO DyingOfBLO LabellingAProduct A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LabellingAProduct</a>, a label is attached to a product, typically in order to promote the sale of that product. The label may be fastened by any means of connection, including glue, staples, and sewing. labelling <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">products</a> EV OBJ)</code> means that <code>OBJ</code> is one of the intended outputs of event <code>EV</code>. For unintended outputs, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">byProducts</a>. For a particular <code>EV</code> and <code>OBJ</code>, it will not be true that both <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">products</a> EV OBJ)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">byProducts</a> EV OBJ)</code>. product products A collection of events. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEY0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Electrolyzing</a>, a liquid is subjected to the action of an electrical current passing through it. Electrolyzing electrolysis CreationEvent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWdRSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationOrDestructionEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>, at least one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> (q.v.) is brought into existence (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>). creation event oxidation OxidationProcess A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, some amount of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oxygen</a> reacts with (`reduces') another substance and releases energy in the process. ContinuousManufacturingProcess continuous manufacturing process A collection of events. Each element of this collection is a continuous manufacturing process that can be kept going arbitrarily long (depending on, e.g., the availability of inputs, power, labor, etc.). Product begins to be produced some time after the process is started and continues to be produced during the run. A hallmark of continuous (vs. batch or run) manufacturing is that inputs are added continously or periodically, and outputs and byproducts are removed continously or periodically, during the process. Separation-Complete A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SeparationEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Separation_Complete</a>, one object is separated into two or more distinct, unconnected pieces. complete separation A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEzXypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BindingEvent</a> event, several loose sheets (of paper or other material) are combined into an ordered whole, which could be a book, a catalogue, or any kind of multipage document. BindingEvent binding event A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapingSomething</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj-OJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingSomething</a> in which a non-#$ComplexPhysicalObject <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNwL8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject_NonNatural</a> is given its shape, or has its shape altered, through the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. Common examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO0U9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carving</a> wood into a table leg, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviQmpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sculpting</a> mashed potatoes on your plate. Some assembly is tolerated; for example, since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZ9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Table_PieceOfFurniture</a> isn't a #$ComplexPhysicalObject, the creation of one is eligible to be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzq6Jo3DcEdeI8AACs2TnIQ" class="cyc_term">FashioningSomething</a>. Examples of non-agentive shaping, such as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Container</a> imposing a shape on its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjR45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidTangibleThing</a> contents, are excluded. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s in which more than one thing plays the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi65pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> role are excluded, so, for example, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjtNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mob</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> aren't the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi65pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzq6Jo3DcEdeI8AACs2TnIQ" class="cyc_term">FashioningSomething</a>, as are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjsQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingFileOfPapers</a>. fashioning FashioningSomething <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StateOfMatterChangeEvent</a> is the collection of events in which some piece of matter changes from one of the physical states of matter to another. Such changes of state can be induced by changes in temperature (or the equivalent in the manipulation of kinetic energy). Each particular instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Boiling</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Freezing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEWTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Evaporating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEWPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Condensing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj59JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Melting</a>, etc. is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StateOfMatterChangeEvent</a>. Note: Most Cyc microtheories distinguish four states of matter, namely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhh7xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plasma_StateOfMatter</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gaseous_StateOfMatter</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MatterTypeByPhysicalState</a> and its individual state constants. physical state change event StateOfMatterChangeEvent A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAppointment</a>, two or more people agree to meet at a particular time and place, generally for some agreed-upon purpose. Sometimes, the appointment is made between a person and an institution (such as a medical clinic) rather than another person. Less commonly, one might even make an appointment with oneself, to reserve a set time to do some activity. making an appointment MakingAnAppointment MassManufacturing A collection of events. In a typical <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj375wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MassManufacturing</a> event, a mob of the same kind of product is produced in one `production cycle'. [A `mob' is `a large number.'] mass manufacture separating a mixture A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Separation_Complete</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEHVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SeparatingAMixture</a>, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjon5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mixture</a> is separated into two or more of its constituents (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">constituents</a>). SeparatingAMixture A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjJE4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>. During each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWdRSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationOrDestructionEvent</a>, one or more instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> (q.v.) come into or go out of existence. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5IJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DestructionEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Manufacturing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj-OJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingSomething</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism</a>. CreationOrDestructionEvent creation or destruction event salivating Salivating A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjEj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Salivating</a> event, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> secretes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJ95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Saliva</a> from its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SalivaryGland</a>s. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjEj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Salivating</a> is a natural bodily function, occurring in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mouth</a>. lactation MilkSecretionEvent A collection of events. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjESpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilkSecretionEvent</a> is done by the mammary glands of (female) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>s as a natural process with the function of nourishing the female's offspring. The secreted milk is stored in the mammary glands until it is drawn out in some fashion. inputs An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi65pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> that relates a given event to an object or material that is used in that event and thereby either "used up" (i.e. destroyed) or incorporated into another object. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3DZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputs</a> EVENT OBJECT)</code> means that <code>OBJECT</code> is a pre-existing participant in (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWDKWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">preActors</a>) the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWdRSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationOrDestructionEvent</a> <code>EVENT</code> which, during and due to <code>EVENT</code>, is either destroyed (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWWNUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputsDestroyed</a>) or incorporated into a new entity (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPtrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputsCommitted</a>). For example, the pigments used to paint the Mona Lisa were <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3DZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputs</a> to Leonardo's painting process; however, his brushes were not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3DZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputs</a>, even though they were changed a little by it. In general, in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Manufacturing</a>, materials or objects are inputs if they find their way into the product manufactured or if they are destroyed in the manufacturing process (e.g. the coke used in manufacturing steel). input ElectricalPowerGeneration electrical power generation A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, electrical current is produced, by converting either mechanical or chemical energy to electrical energy. Distilling distillation A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, a liquid mixture is heated up to the boiling point of at least one of its liquid <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">constituents</a>. That constituent vaporizes and the vapor is trapped and allowed to cool, thus separating (some or most of) that constituent from the mixture. manufacturing a single object ManufacturingASingleObject A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4t5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ManufacturingASingleObject</a> event, manufacturing procedures are applied to only a single object or a single chunk of stuff. This includes both one-off creation events such as carving a statue, and also can be a `slice' of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj375wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MassManufacturing</a> event in which all that is considered is how one single small lump of stuff or set of parts gets acted on to become some new thing. In the latter case, then, what is `produced' is one car, one can of Coke, etc., even though that is just one part or iteration of a mass manufacturing event taking place. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4jqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOf2ypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActionOnObject</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism</a> there exists at least one organism killed (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-X8snMEGEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">organismKilled</a>) and at least one organism that is the killer. Each organism that is killed in an instance KILL of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism</a> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV_GH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bodilyDoer</a> in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a> that is a sub-event of KILL. For a more specialized collection of killing events where there is exactly one killer and exactly one killed see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGEQARP9FQdeXu9qRn6u19g" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism_Unique</a>. killing KillingByOrganism biological growth event A collection of events. In each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalGrowthEvent</a>, a living structure (not necessarily a whole organism) increases in size. BiologicalGrowthEvent fluid filtration process natural An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rP3AFIJ1FQdidOJS_SVP6IQ" class="cyc_term">FluidFiltrationProcess</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r78Yc_J1FQdiZuPPDf9rZSQ" class="cyc_term">FluidFiltrationProcess_Natural</a> is a natural process in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjR45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidTangibleThing</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjADJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Air</a> or (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzX35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LiquidFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>)) passes through a natural filtering mechanism. An example would be leaves being filtered from water as it passes through soil. FluidFiltrationProcess-Natural ShatteringEvent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4jqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Separation_Complete</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJ3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShatteringEvent</a>, something is destroyed by being broken into a large number of pieces. Since the salient parts of the object destroyed must be brittle (see the constant <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtOOLnS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Brittle</a>) in order for this to happen, fluids (such as liquid water) and elastic stuff (such as rubber at room temperature) will generally not undergo any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJ3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShatteringEvent</a>s. Items which can be an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi65pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> in shattering events are typically made of glass, pottery, bone, plaster, or other brittle material. Many substances, particularly solid metals and alloys, are extremely difficult to shatter. shattering A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViw35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Grinding</a> event, a substance is broken or torn into smaller pieces through the steady application of force, typically in a circular motion. grinding Grinding A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalReaction</a> is an event in which two or more substances undergo a chemical change, i.e., some portions of the substances involved are transformed into different <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>s. The transformations are brought about by purely chemical (including biochemical) means which affect chemical bonds between atoms in the molecules of stuff, rather than by physical means, biological means, or purposeful planning, etc. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalReaction</a>: instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjATpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CombustionProcess</a>; instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvp37_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Photosynthesis_Generic</a>. chemical reaction ChemicalReaction This predicate relates a particular creation or destruction event to any of its "outputs". <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputs</a> EVENT OBJECT)</code> means that <code>OBJECT</code> is an output of <code>EVENT</code>. That is, <code>OBJECT</code> is either created/produced as a result of <code>EVENT</code> (see the specializations <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">products</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">byProducts</a>) or something left after another thing was destroyed in <code>EVENT</code> (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWTgkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsRemaining</a>). For example, silicon chips are both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a> in and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">products</a> of a chip manufacturing process, while a hunk of scrap metal is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWTgkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsRemaining</a> after a car is put through a crusher. When appropriate, instead of using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputs</a>, use one of its specializations (of which those mentioned above are the nearest). output outputs carving A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO0U9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carving</a>, the shape of an object is changed by removing pieces of it, usually with some kind of tool. Some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO0U9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carving</a> are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> (like carving a statue of someone), in which some image or information is encoded into the product; but not all are. Carving biological production BiologicalProductionEvent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpKVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkCt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjED5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProductionEvent</a>, raw materials are combined to produce a product, and at least one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> (q.v.) is the producer. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjED5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProductionEvent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SecretionEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalReproductionEvent</a>. Note that the distinction between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDevelopmentEvent</a> is not always sharp, but instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjED5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProductionEvent</a> are distinguished insofar as the event in question produces a reasonably distinct entity from start to finish. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlowerDevelopmentEvent</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDevelopmentEvent</a> although some case could be made for it being an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjED5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProductionEvent</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parentActors</a> EV P) means that organism P is one of the parents in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalReproductionEvent</a> EV. parentActors parent A collection of manufacturing events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3t5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BatchManufacturingEvent</a>, the product is produced in batches, with a batch produced at the end of each such event. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3t5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BatchManufacturingEvent</a>s can be applied over and over to similar inputs to produce similar batches. Batches may consist of discrete objects or may be masses of some stuff. batch manufacturing event BatchManufacturingEvent A collection of events. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4J5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyConversionProcess</a>, energy is converted from one form to another. EnergyConversionProcess energy conversion process A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViM8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApplyingSomethingToSurface</a> event, something is applied to a surface. application ApplyingSomethingToSurface offspringActors offspring (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">offspringActors</a> EVENT ORGANISM) means that ORGANISM is an offspring created in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalReproductionEvent</a> EVENT . manufacturing Manufacturing A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Manufacturing</a> event, raw materials or component parts are combined to produce a product (whether by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ManufacturingOrganization</a> or by an individual). In a typical <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Manufacturing</a> process, the motivation of the manufacturer is that the value of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputs</a> should exceed the value of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3DZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputs</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Manufacturing</a> does not include related or supportive processes such as transporting the raw materials to the manufacturing site, scheduling done ahead of time, etc. -- the concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViW6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductionEvent</a> covers that bigger picture. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj375wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MassManufacturing</a>. A collection of events and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWdRSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationOrDestructionEvent</a>. In each instance of this collection at least one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWWNUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputsDestroyed</a>) ceases to exist. Examples include deleting a computer file, chopping down a tree and breaking an agreement. For cases where the item destroyed is a material thing (i.e. an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>), see the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4jqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a>. DestructionEvent destruction event AsexualReproductionEvent asexual reproduction A collection of events. In each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AsexualReproductionEvent</a>, an organism produces offspring via asexual means. E.g., mitotic division by instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleCellOrganism</a>; and budding, root-sprouting, etc., for (various) instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjG4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plant</a>). Condensing A collection of events. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEWPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Condensing</a>, a gas is cooled to (or its pressure lowered to) the point where the relative humidity (or similar partial pressure measure if something other than water is condensing) is greater than 100%, changing part of a component of the gas from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gaseous_StateOfMatter</a> to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a>. condensation process ElectroPlating A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectroPlating</a> event, some metal is coated with a thin layer of another metal, with the aid of an electric current. Some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Galvanizing</a> will also be instances of this collection. electroplating CycVocabularyTopic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s falling under a topic for which some Cyc Vocabulary exists. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a> is neither a strict [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>] nor a covering [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>] faceting of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>: many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s may be instances of no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>, or of multiple <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>s. cyc vocabulary topic events and scripts topic EventsAndScripts-Topic transform-topic Transform-Topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all and only those collections <code>COL</code> such that any thing's being an instance of <code>COL</code> depends on the current state of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycKB</a>. Such a <code>COL</code> corresponds to a property defined (at least partly) in terms of the contents, features, or implementation of the Cyc Knowledge Base itself, as opposed to a property that "exists out there" in the KB-independent world. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a> is a KB-dependent collection, membership in which requires of a given CycL sentence that it has in fact been asserted to the KB. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLSentence</a> is also KB-dependent, as being a CycL sentence requires being composed (ultimately) out of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu6KTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReifiedDenotationalTerm</a>s (and perhaps variables) -- i.e. terms that are currently reified in the KB. Conversely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5ddsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> is not a KB-dependent collection. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvip9N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KBDependentRelation</a>. KB dependent collection KBDependentCollection transform-topic Transform-Topic