]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Linguistic-Topic linguistic-topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. examples of predicates indicating syntactic properties of linguistic topic ExamplesOfPredicatesIndicatingSyntacticPropertiesOf-Linguistic-Topic AnExampleOfSemanticTranslationPredicates-Linguistic-Topic an example of semantic translation predicates linguistic topic some example parts of speech linguistic topic SomeExamplePartsOfSpeech-Linguistic-Topic

Mandarin Chinese MandarinChineseLanguage A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LivingLanguage</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> and a member of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViz_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChineseLanguageFamily</a>: one of the major languages spoken in China; also the official language. In Chinese the names "Putonghua" (the Common Language), "Guoyu" (the National Language), "Hanyu" (the Language of the Han People), are all used more or less interchangably to refer to it.

The language of the people of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkCopwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Japan</a>. the Japanese language JapaneseLanguage

A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LivingLanguage</a> and a member of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Indo_IranianLanguageFamily</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7EDWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndoAryanLanguageFamily</a>. Hindi is a direct descendant of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SanskritLanguage</a> through Prakrit and Apabhramsha. It has been influenced and enriched by Dravidian, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TurkishLanguage</a>, Farsi, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArabicLanguage</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkINpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortugueseLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3AJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnglishLanguage</a>. More than 180 million people in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7XJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">India</a> regard Hindi as their mother tongue. Another 300 million use it as a second language. Dialects include Marwari, Braj, Bundeli, Kanauji, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UrduLanguage</a>, Chattisgarhi, Bagheli, Avadhi, and Bhojpuri. HindiLanguage Hindi

The Romance language which is the primary language spoken in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6EJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">France</a>. French FrenchLanguage

English word EnglishWord A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LexicalWord</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnglishWord</a> is a lexical word of the English language. Note that different inflectional forms of a given word do not count as different lexical words; for example, #$Eat-TheWord encompasses the strings 'eat', 'eats', 'eating', and 'ate'.

The Germanic Language native to England, now spoken in the United Kingdom, the United States, and many other countries. English EnglishLanguage

IndonesianLanguage Indonesian A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LivingLanguage</a> and a member of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternAustronesianLanguageFamily</a>: the simplified version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MalayLanguage</a> that was adopted as the lingua franca for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViy1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Indonesia_TheNation</a> upon federation.

CommunicationConvention The collection of conventions used to encode and interpret things which bear information; a syntax together with a semantic mapping. Instances include natural languages like French or English, database data formats, and computer languages or idiosyncratic systems of gestures or symbols known only by a small group of people. coding system

A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LivingLanguage</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> and a member of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvex51pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanceLanguageFamily</a>: the indigenous language of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjowpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spain</a>, now spoken in most of Central and South America. Spanish SpanishLanguage

NaturalLanguage natural language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV7TOhK5EduAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">InformalLanguage</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is a language that is used for human communication, and which has evolved naturally. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is thus disjoint with #$ArtificialLanguage. Instances include dead languages such as Ancient Greek and Latin; but concocted languages such as Esperanto are not included.

Orthography (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjx1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orthography</a> LANG WRIT) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WritingSystem</a> WRIT is the usual mode of writing used to encode the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a> LANG; that is, WRIT is used by most of the people who customarily engage in writing LANG. For instance, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjx1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orthography</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RajasthaniLanguage</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjy5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevanagariWriting</a>). orthography

Portuguese Indigenous language of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkKA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Portugal</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Brazil</a>. PortugueseLanguage

A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYLdFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CognitivePredicate</a> that relates agents to communucation conventions that they are able to use. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5qZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">knowsCommConvention</a> AGENT CONV) means that AGENT knows the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> CONV and can use it to encode or decode information. knowsCommConvention Knows Comm Convention

SanskritLanguage Sanskrit An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Indo_IranianLanguageFamily</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SanskritLanguage</a> was originally spoken in the Indic area and is now a dead language. Most of the sacred literature of the Hindus is written in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SanskritLanguage</a>.

ArabicLanguage Arabic An instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LivingLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SemiticLanguageFamily</a>. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArabicLanguage</a> is spoken by a large number of people in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Middle East.

nationalLanguage National Language (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nationalLanguage</a> NAT LANG) means that LANG is officially recognized by the political region NAT as a national language. A country may have more than one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nationalLanguage</a>.

dead language DeadLanguage A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViiqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeadLanguage</a> is a natural language that is no longer spoken as a native language (though written texts may survive and continue to be interpretable -- as is the case with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBy-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatinLanguage</a>).

A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a> that relates a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">languagesSpokenHere</a> REGION LANGUAGE)</code> means that a signficant percentage (roughly, at least 5-10%) ) of the residents of <code>REGION</code> speak <code>LANGUAGE</code> at least somewhat fluently (in the sense of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">languageSpoken</a>). languagesSpokenHere Languages Spoken Here

LinguisticObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQ-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinguisticObject</a> is an intangible object that is part of some language or other, in a broad sense of "part" whereby <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQ-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinguisticObject</a>'s specializations include such diverse collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVis3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Title</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WordSense</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SententialConstituent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonlexicalLinguisticObject</a>. linguistic object

LinguisticObjectType linguistic object type A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinguisticObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQ-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinguisticObject</a> (q.v.).

AbstractProgrammingLanguage programming language A specialization of #$ComputerLanguage, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractProgrammingLanguage</a> is the collection of languages invented for the purpose of composing computer programs (i.e., instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>), as opposed to merely facilitating interaction between pieces of software or indicating how to represent pieces of text. Thus, #$ComputerLanguages such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lisp</a> are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractProgrammingLanguage</a>, whereas #$ComputerLanguages such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWVukJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HypertextMarkupLanguage</a> are not.

nativeLanguage (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZ4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nativeLanguage</a> PERSON LANG) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> PERSON is fluent in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> LANG, and that LANG was (one of) the first language(s) spoken by PERSON. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVoULZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arg2Format</a> for this predicate is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetTheFormat</a>, to cover cases in which a person has two or more first languages (as might be the case when a child is raised in a bilingual household). Native Language

The collection of linguistic objects which are not morphemes, but which nonetheless make up part of a language system; e.g., the parts of speech. nonlexical linguistic object NonlexicalLinguisticObject

Language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a>. Each instance of this collection is a generative system of signs for transmitting information. These signs are normally conventional and arbitrary in nature, though the case of body language is a (borderline) exception to this. The reality of any given language consists in its being interpretable by some community (usually human -- cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a>). This is not quite true of #$ComputerLanguages, however such languages are only possible insofar as some kind of automation of the process of interpretation (by computers) has been effected. In the case of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViiqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeadLanguage</a>s, the community may not longer exist (although even if no-one can _speak_ such languages any longer, currently-interpretable texts often remain, cf., for example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtticGreekDialect</a>). Languages are most often spoken, but not always (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-Tl2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SignLanguage</a>). It is also worth noting that not every system of signs is a language; a certain richness of possible expression is required. Thus <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv30UjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MorseCode</a>, for example, though a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a>, is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>. Finally, this collection is not intended to cover the special vocabulary and usages of a scientific, professional or other group, or a characteristic style of speech or writing (e.g. 'Shakespearean language'). language

lexical item LexicalItem A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQ-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinguisticObject</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhkD7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LexicalItem</a> is the collection of linguistic objects that are part of the lexicon of some natural language or other. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhkD7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LexicalItem</a> include words as well as constituents of words, such as affixes (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LexicalWord</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTg-rURNmEdafLwCw0HTBHw" class="cyc_term">WordConstituent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8Wmd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LexicalAffix</a>).

A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhkD7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LexicalItem</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LexicalWord</a> is the collection of all natural language words. A lexical word is a "free" morpheme: it can appear in a phrase without being "bound to" (i.e. concatenated with) another lexical item. (Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8Wmd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LexicalAffix</a>.) Note that different inflectional forms of a given word do not constitute distinct lexical words. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LexicalWord</a> include #$Aluminum-TheWord, #$Confetti-TheWord, #$To-TheWord, #$Hang-Glide-MWW. LexicalWord lexical word

RussianLanguage A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LivingLanguage</a>, and a member of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SlavicLanguageFamily</a>: the dominant language of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Russia</a>. Russian

German GermanLanguage A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LivingLanguage</a>, and a member of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GermanicLanguageFamily</a>: in its standard version, the dominant form of High German.

An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LivingLanguage</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BengaliLanguage</a> is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by persons in Bangladesh and India. BengaliLanguage Bengali

languageSpoken Language Spoken (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">languageSpoken</a> AGENT NATLANG) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> AGENT speaks the natural human language NATLANG at least somewhat fluently. The language must be speakable by humans, as are English, Latin, or Japanese, but not LISP, C or LINCOS. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>.

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LivingLanguage</a> just in case it has at least one extant native speaker. living language LivingLanguage

Linguistic-Topic linguistic-topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. Linguistic-Topic linguistic-topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. natural language processing topic NaturalLanguageProcessing-Topic CycVocabularyTopic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s falling under a topic for which some Cyc Vocabulary exists. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a> is neither a strict [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>] nor a covering [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>] faceting of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>: many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s may be instances of no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>, or of multiple <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>s. cyc vocabulary topic Linguistic-Topic linguistic-topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. HumanBeings-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r2SZdtGMBQdiOl-Ui2UGs_g" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopLevelTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. human beings topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all and only those collections <code>COL</code> such that any thing's being an instance of <code>COL</code> depends on the current state of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycKB</a>. Such a <code>COL</code> corresponds to a property defined (at least partly) in terms of the contents, features, or implementation of the Cyc Knowledge Base itself, as opposed to a property that "exists out there" in the KB-independent world. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a> is a KB-dependent collection, membership in which requires of a given CycL sentence that it has in fact been asserted to the KB. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLSentence</a> is also KB-dependent, as being a CycL sentence requires being composed (ultimately) out of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu6KTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReifiedDenotationalTerm</a>s (and perhaps variables) -- i.e. terms that are currently reified in the KB. Conversely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5ddsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> is not a KB-dependent collection. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvip9N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KBDependentRelation</a>. KB dependent collection KBDependentCollection