]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. act commonly considered criminal ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryIOUhqKeQdiRffIfC9Y1mA" class="cyc_term">ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal</a> is an action type (i.e. a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>) that many legal systems regard as a type of criminal act. Notable instances of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stealing</a>. acts commonly considered criminal Collection of all activities of a placement of programs which are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD-vOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaliciousComputerProgram</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJxt8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlacementOfMaliciousProgram</a> is a complex script that should cover actions prior to and immediately after the actual placement of the program. For instance, if a hacker had use methods to disguise the placement, such activity would be part of this script. On the other hand, probing a computational system for vulnerabilities in order to make such a placement possible would fall under <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviV6D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProbingAComputerNetwork</a>. placing a malicious program PlacementOfMaliciousProgram Instances are cases where a person attempts to gain illegal entry to a country by evading a border check, using false documents, etc. illegal immigration IllegalImmigration CrossingACountryBorderWOBorderCheck-Person crossing a country's border without border checking a person Instances are cases where a person crosses a country border without going through a border checkpoint. This is only illegal within the context of certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV1TLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Law</a>s. CriminalAct criminal act A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a> is a relatively serious <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnndOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IllegalAction</a>. This excludes relatively minor infractions such as (in most legal systems) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNxXZrF29QdmXa7u9gKY-CA" class="cyc_term">Jaywalking</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTnASCC8oQdiGK8gwuHwqSg" class="cyc_term">Littering</a>. Instances are cases where a good (something owned) crosses a country border without going through a border checkpoint. This is only illegal within the context of certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV1TLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Law</a>s. crossing a country's border without border checking something CrossingACountryBorderWOBorderCheck-Thing StealingInformation <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQXxkJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StealingInformation</a> is a collection of events in which a person obtains information that she is not commonly considered to be legally entitled to possess. It includes stealing credit card numbers from the internet, learning personal identification numbers for ATM cards by spying on automatic teller machine users, and those forms of corporate espionage that involve acquiring trade secrets. information theft planning to kill PlanningAMurder This is the collection of acts in which a murder is planned. It is more general than <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ru32qMDnkEdaGrQCgydoeiw" class="cyc_term">PlanningTheKilling</a>, which is the planning performed by the hitman. TerroristAct A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerroristAct</a> is an action which is performed with a political objective, and which is intended to be coercive through inducing terror (typically through the threat of future attacks). Historically, the perpetrators of terrorist acts have not considered military targets to be uniformly more legitimate than civilian targets. An important specialization is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFYGEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerroristAttack</a>. terrorist act bestiality Bestiality An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9VDQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualBehaviorType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvegLrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ParaphilicSexualBehavior</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKv2YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bestiality</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwdOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualBehavior</a> involving a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPersonAnimal</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s who compulsively engage (or are tempted to engage) in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKv2YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bestiality</a> are said to be afflicted with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rplsTsS0GEdiLGQACs5b6-g" class="cyc_term">Zoophilia</a> (q.v.). piracy Piracy-AtSea A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQDbZUGxuQdiE_a0da91vrw" class="cyc_term">HostileSeizure</a>. Each instance of this collection is a particular act of piracy. All such acts occur on water and most involve theft of goods and many involve the hijacking of a boat or ship. A collection of complex events. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpdpZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GenocideCampaign</a> involves the systematic killing of many or all members of some racial, ethnic, or cultural group. In most cases, the extermination of the relevant group is a fundamental goal of the genocide campaign. race murder GenocideCampaign The collection of all attempts by one person to murder another. A type of attempt to perform killing and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rw-oCyiWbEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">AttemptedMurder</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryIOUhqKeQdiRffIfC9Y1mA" class="cyc_term">ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal</a>. attempt to perform a murder AttemptedMurder <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvko_QZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cracking_CompromisingSecurity</a> is a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCl_opwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SecurityBreach</a>. It is the collection of actions that occurs whenever the security measures of some individual are circumvented by some unauthorized agent. A wide variety of events may be elements of this collection. For example, if one blows a safe open with dynamite one is said to ''crack the safe''. Also, if one guesses the combination to a safe (in this case one also performs an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnlockingALock</a>), one compromises its security. If someone cracks a password protected computer system (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0hea5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PenetratingAComputerNetwork</a>), one either circumvents the password access protocol or has otherwise determined the password to the system without appropriate permission. Take care in distinguishing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvko_QZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cracking_CompromisingSecurity</a> from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCl_opwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SecurityBreach</a>: the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvko_QZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cracking_CompromisingSecurity</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>, whereas the more general collection, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCl_opwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SecurityBreach</a>, is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCl_opwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SecurityBreach</a> occur whenever security is breached, whether or not it was intentionally cracked, but all and only purposefully executed breaches of security are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvko_QZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cracking_CompromisingSecurity</a>. cracking Cracking-CompromisingSecurity cyber attack A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbfzAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnObject</a>, <font color="#ff0000">#$ActsCommonlyConsideredCriminal</font> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv-fq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackByComputerOperation</a> an attack executed using computer operations as weapons. Commonly, instances of this collection are called &quot;electronic attacks&quot; or &quot;cyber attacks&quot;. This collection includes as specializations <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwG00lpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackByComputerOperation_DenialOfService</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwItrlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackByComputerOperation_CorruptionOfInformation</a> and many others. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv-fq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackByComputerOperation</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmO0F5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnIBT</a>, because many instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv-fq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackByComputerOperation</a> do not involve an attempt to change the information content of their targets. AttackByComputerOperation ChildAbuse child neglect <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkyldpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChildAbuse</a> is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HarmingAnAgent</a> in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViy-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAdult</a> causes a nonaccidental injury or pattern of injuries to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanChild</a> for whom they bear caregiving responsibility. It includes nonaccidental physical injury, neglect, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7v4y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChildSexualAbuse</a>, and emotional abuse. drunk driving DrunkDriving The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportInvolvingADriver</a> events in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_RZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">driverActor</a> involved in the event is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9JDrqHS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">LegallyDrunk</a>. poaching Action in which someone traps or kills a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPersonAnimal</a> without the right permits. Poaching Extortion extortion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU8hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoercingAnAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> (qq.v.). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a>, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rusnrbLA5QdiNNdXj8EYjCw" class="cyc_term">objectExtorted</a>), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJvJepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blackmail</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCwmdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectionRacketeering</a>. TakingHostage The collection of events in which some agent takes a person or persons hostage. This generally involves the agent taking custody of the hostage(s) by force. The hostage-taker often uses the hostage(s)'s safety to bargain for political concessions or, sometimes, for relief from prosecution for some other criminal act. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOMtT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HoldingHostage</a>s. hostage-taking The intentional damaging or destruction of property which you have no right to damage or destroy. vandalism Vandalism Hijacking A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHk14pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Interfering</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjbFEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hijacking</a> is a hijacking event. For each such event, there is exactly one associated <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-6HepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportationEvent</a> that plays the role of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rI3DQ0Ix0EdeOHwCgycbRww" class="cyc_term">tripHijacked</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjbFEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hijacking</a>. There is also exactly one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a> that plays the role of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rI3CpwIx0EdeOHwCgycbRww" class="cyc_term">transporterHijacked</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjbFEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hijacking</a>, and that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a> is one of the things that plays the role of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjB2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">transporter</a> in the Hijacking's associated <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-6HepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportationEvent</a>. In addition, there are one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a>s that play the role of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rkDln4IymEdebygCgycbRww" class="cyc_term">hijackerPerpetrator</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjbFEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hijacking</a>. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjbFEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hijacking</a> has two subevents, one in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rkDln4IymEdebygCgycbRww" class="cyc_term">hijackerPerpetrator</a> of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjbFEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hijacking</a> wrests control of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rI3CpwIx0EdeOHwCgycbRww" class="cyc_term">transporterHijacked</a> from the heretofore-controlling-agent, and a subsequent one in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rkDln4IymEdebygCgycbRww" class="cyc_term">hijackerPerpetrator</a> of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjbFEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hijacking</a> controls the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rI3CpwIx0EdeOHwCgycbRww" class="cyc_term">transporterHijacked</a>. hijacking holding hostages HoldingHostage The collection of events in which one or more persons are held hostage. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOMtT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HoldingHostage</a>s is preceeded by an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6GVAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingHostage</a>. Usually, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6GVAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingHostage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOMtT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HoldingHostage</a>s events are subevents of a more general event (e.g. a bank robbery or a kidnapping) . During the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOMtT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HoldingHostage</a>s event, the hostages are in the control of the perpetrators of the event. Insurgency insurgency stealing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLDgW8nm4QdefYcWqNwYIMA" class="cyc_term">GainingControl</a> and <font color="#ff0000">#$ActsCommonlyConsideredCriminal</font>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stealing</a>, an agent (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>) takes something belonging to another agent without that agent's permission (and possibly without that agent's knowledge). Note that there may be some cases in which an agent takes something belonging to another agent without that agent's explicit permission that would nevertheless not be categorized as instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stealing</a>. For instance, a pair of agents may have an informal agreement or &quot;understanding&quot; that would cover casual &quot;borrowing&quot; from one another (and thus excuse it from being stealing). Stealing contract kill The collection of activities in which one agent pays another to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> someone. MurderForHire Pedophilia-TheAction pedophilia An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9VDQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualBehaviorType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvegLrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ParaphilicSexualBehavior</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2gDMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pedophilia_TheAction</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> engages in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwdOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualBehavior</a> with a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanChild</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s who compulsively engage in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2gDMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pedophilia_TheAction</a> are said to be afflicted with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rplsTsi0GEdiLGQACs5b6-g" class="cyc_term">Pedophilia_TheCondition</a> (q.v.). (PlanningFn Murder) planning to kill The collection of criminal acts in which a person closely associated with the victim is either the perpetrator or an accessory. inside job InsideJob Forgery An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryIOUhqKeQdiRffIfC9Y1mA" class="cyc_term">ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_TRaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fraud</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqI3GLsrkQdiPPsvDXof3Hg" class="cyc_term">Forgery</a> is an event in which an agent makes, alters, or imitates something with the intent of defrauding or swindling another agent. Some examples: producing counterfeit currency, forging another person's signature on a check or credit card form, producing fake ID, signing another artist's name to one's painting to increase its perceived value. forgery The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvl3YgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StabbingSomething</a> where the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi65pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> (and by extension the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWbTOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">maleficiary</a> -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWyrzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlPredsWRTTypes</a>) is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>. This is currently specified in terms of semantic constraints via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTUpnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">interArgIsa</a>. I.e., the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi65pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWbTOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">maleficiary</a> of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVrF1hhEJEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">StabbingSomeone</a> *must* be known to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>. We don't presuppose that the agent doing the stabbing will always be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> -- sometimes a group can be said to be the perpetrator of a stabbing event. The stabbing itself is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. We assume the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV0FMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">deviceUsed</a> will be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Knife</a>. stabbing StabbingSomeone slave trafficking SlaveTrafficking A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialActivity</a>. Instances are actions undertaken as part of an illicit business seeking to profit from the buying, selling, transport, etc., of human persons. A specialization of <font color="#ff0000">#$ActsCommonlyConsideredCriminal</font>. Each instance of this collection is an action that violates some provision of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-JYLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BasicHumanRights_UNDeclaration</a> as represented in <font color="#ff0000">#$HumanRights-COC</font>. human rights violation HumanRightsViolation terrorist attack on an object A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerroristAct</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbfzAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnObject</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFYGEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerroristAttack</a> is an act perpetrated by a terrorist with the intent of destroying or damaging a person or object in order to further a political objective. Important specializations are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFYGEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerroristAttack</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4eA28G9VEdeVmwADR6QijQ" class="cyc_term">CyberTerrorism</a>. TerroristAttackOnObject The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rC06qoLpJQdib07Sk4ep8iQ" class="cyc_term">AbductingSomeone</a> where an individual is illegally taken captive and held against his or her will. Often, but not always, this is done with the intent of holding the kidnappee for ransom. kidnapping KidnappingSomeone (BuyingFn IllegalDrug) buying illegal drugs MakingCounterfeitCurrency making counterfeit currency An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryIOUhqKeQdiRffIfC9Y1mA" class="cyc_term">ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqI3GLsrkQdiPPsvDXof3Hg" class="cyc_term">Forgery</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rghzKMGslQdme9-GPBs-X0w" class="cyc_term">MakingCounterfeitCurrency</a> is an event in which an agent produces instances of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvnre5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ImitationOfCollectionFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a>). The collection of instances of Arson that don't have instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQri25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bombing</a>s as subevents. act of arson not associated with a bombing Arson-NonBombing prostitution Prostitution Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGFccZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Prostitution</a> is an event in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQySppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Prostitute</a> performs <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwdOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualBehavior</a> with a client for money. murdering The collection of events characterized by having some instance of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanningFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a>) as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>, culminating in an actual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a>. Additional 'scenes' may include supporting steps that are necessary conditions in context for the murder. CarryingOutAMurder The collection of all willful misrepresentations intended to deprive another <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> of some right, esp. user rights for a valuable possession or money. fraud Fraud A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwe8IyBzeEdaAAACQJ5GoQA" class="cyc_term">Arson</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SettingSomethingOnFire</a> that is also a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>. arson Arson Corruption-Activity A collection of actions. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqwYUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Corruption_Activity</a> is a criminal action that subverts the proper, legal, and just operation of some procedure in government or in the private sector. Under corruption we include both offering inducements to cheat and accepting them. Thus types of corruption include both offering and accepting bribes, and the various species of graft. corruption sexual offense SexualOffense The collection of events in which somebody violates somebody else either physically (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvs5iKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualAssault</a>) or psychologically (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCzbe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualHarassment</a>) in a sexual way. StealingStorageSpace <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGoF_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StealingStorageSpace</a> is a collection of events in which a person uses an information storage medium that she is not commonly considered to be legally entitled to use. Almost always, the perpetrator is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvq0n3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hacker</a>, and the medium illictly used is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4A7PpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HardDisk</a>. stealing storage space MoneyLaundering A specialization of <font color="#ff0000">#$ActsCommonlyConsideredCriminal</font>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmi94JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneyLaundering</a> is an activity in which the source of some money is obscured, typically by distributing the money over many accounts or repositories of money. Normally, such an activity occurs in cases where an agent has acquired some money illegally, and needs to hide that fact in order to avoid prosecution or to avoid paying taxes. money laundering tax evasion TaxEvasion The collection of activities in which one agent purposely avoids paying taxes that he knows he is legally required to pay. This would include both avoiding tax payment altogether, as well as underpaying. petnapping Petnapping This is the collection of acts in which someone's pet is stolen. DrugTrafficking A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialActivity</a>. Instances are actions undertaken as part of an illicit business seeking to profit from the buying, selling, manufacture, transport, etc., of illegal drugs. drug trafficking ForgingAnOfficialDocument An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryIOUhqKeQdiRffIfC9Y1mA" class="cyc_term">ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqI3GLsrkQdiPPsvDXof3Hg" class="cyc_term">Forgery</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r7-tJGMrmQdiPUdFQoeR4iQ" class="cyc_term">ForgingAnOfficialDocument</a> is an event in which an agent alters or creates an imitation of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a> with the intent of defrauding or swindling another agent. forging an official document The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection act commonly considered criminal ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryIOUhqKeQdiRffIfC9Y1mA" class="cyc_term">ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal</a> is an action type (i.e. a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>) that many legal systems regard as a type of criminal act. Notable instances of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stealing</a>. first-order collection An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNooX_CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. FirstOrderCollection Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString act commonly considered criminal ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryIOUhqKeQdiRffIfC9Y1mA" class="cyc_term">ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal</a> is an action type (i.e. a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>) that many legal systems regard as a type of criminal act. Notable instances of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stealing</a>. act commonly considered criminal ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryIOUhqKeQdiRffIfC9Y1mA" class="cyc_term">ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal</a> is an action type (i.e. a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>) that many legal systems regard as a type of criminal act. Notable instances of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stealing</a>.