]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. One of the presidents of the United States (PastOrPresentPresidentFn UnitedStatesOfAmerica) One of the presidents of USA One of the presidents of the U.S.A. One of the presidents of America One of the presidents of the US One of the presidents of the US of A One of the presidents of the USA One of the presidents of the U.S. One of the presidents of the U.S. of A. One of the presidents of the United States of America One of the presidents of United States The 18th president of the US Ulysses Grant UlyssesGrant Warren Harding WarrenHarding The 37th president of the US Richard Nixon RichardNixon JimmyCarter Jimmy Carter The 39th president of the US WilliamHenryHarrison William Harrison JamesAGarfield James Garfield TheodoreRoosevelt Teddy Roosevelt The 26th president of the US WilliamMcKinley William McKinley John F. Kennedy The 35th president of the US JohnKennedy JamesMadison James Madison FranklinPierce Franklin Pierce James Polk JamesPolk Martin Van Buren MartinVanBuren John Adams JohnAdams The 2nd president of the US. The 7th president of the US Andrew Jackson AndrewJackson The 32nd president of the US FranklinRoosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt The 36th president of the US LyndonJohnson Lyndon B. Johnson MillardFillmore Millard Fillmore Ronald Reagan The 40th president of the US RonaldReagan An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBS0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPresident</a>. 19th President of the United States; his administration removed federal troops from the South and so ended the Reconstruction Period (1822-1893). Rutherford B. Hayes RutherfordBHayes George W. Bush GeorgeWBush An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBS0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPresident</a>. 43rd President of the United States; son of George Herbert Walker Bush (born in 1946). JamesBuchanan James Buchanan JohnQAdams The 6th president of the US John Quincy Adams Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), born in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0u5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Kentucky_State</a>, practiced law in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfSpringfieldIL</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitlJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Illinois_State</a>) and held several public offices there. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBiTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbrahamLincoln</a> was elected the 16th president of the United States and he was the Union's leader during the #$UnitedStatesCivilWar. He was assassinated by the actor <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCgL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JohnWilkesBooth</a>. Abe Lincoln AbrahamLincoln JohnTyler John Tyler The 33rd president of the US HarryTruman Harry S Truman Thomas Jefferson ThomasJefferson The 3rd president of the US JamesMonroe James Monroe DwightDEisenhower The 34th president of the US Dwight Eisenhower Bill Clinton BillClinton The 42nd president of the US GeorgeHWBush The 41st president of the US. George Bush CalvinCoolidge Calvin Coolidge Woodrow Wilson The 28th president of the US WoodrowWilson GeorgeWashington The 1st president of the US. George Washington Chester Arthur ChesterAlanArthur Gerald Ford GeraldFord The 38th president of the US ZacharyTaylor Zachary Taylor BenjaminHarrison An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBS0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPresident</a>. 23rd President of the United States (1833-1901). Benjamin Harrison AndrewJohnson Andrew Johnson HerbertHoover Herbert Hoover WilliamHowardTaft William Taft GroverCleveland Grover Cleveland thing Thing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> is the "universal collection": the collection which, by definition, contains everything there is. Every thing in the Cyc ontology -- every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (of any kind), every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvl2en5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Set_Mathematical</a>, and every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> -- is an instance of (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>. Similarly, every collection is a subcollection of (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>. Trivially, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> is both an instance of and a subcollection of itself, and is not a subcollection of any other collection. (Note that the above reference to "every thing in the Cyc ontology" is not meant to be limited to things actually reified in the Cyc system, but includes (e.g.) every instance -- reified or not, known or not -- of every collection recognized by Cyc.) A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_6HdOlV3QdeI9PHEy04DkQ" class="cyc_term">NonInitialCollection</a> (q.v). Each instance HC of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZ4U-5JX-QdeNoJn93NBKEQ" class="cyc_term">HistoricalCollection</a> is a collection such that (i) nothing can start its existence as an instance of HC and (ii) once a thing becomes an instance of HC it necessarily remains so for the rest of time. An example of a historical collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ45PHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Deceased</a>. HistoricalCollection historical collection (PastOrPresentPresidentFn UnitedStatesOfAmerica) One of the presidents of the United States Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString (PastOrPresentPresidentFn UnitedStatesOfAmerica) One of the presidents of the United States