]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractStructure</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is an abstract individual comprising abstract symbols and relations between them. Important specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CharacterString" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Sentence" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> also includes abstract diagrams, graphs, and bit strings. The collection can be more precisely defined as follows: Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is such that each of its physical instantiations (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIS" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIS</a>) consists of instantiations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>, arranged in a certain way. For example, the abstract sentence 'The pig flies' is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Each written instantiation of it consists of an instantiation of the words (symbols) 'The', 'pig' and 'flies', written in that order. (If the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> 'The pig flies' were spoken, the same words would appear in the same order, i.e. 'The' first, etc., but the sequence would be determined by the arrangement of the spoken words in time, rather than space.) Likewise with abstract diagrams, graphs, etc. Each of these is such that its physical instantiations consist of arrangements of instantiations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>. A hard copy of a wiring diagram consists of a group of concrete symbols representing various circuit components, in which these symbols are spatially arranged in a certain in way. The arrangement of the concrete symbols in an instantiation of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is not always a simple matter of arrangement in space or time. The sequence of symbols '0010010111011001' can be instantiated in written, spoken, or electronic forms. In the last case, the order of the symbols is determined by conventions concerning the electronic medium in which it is stored, rather than by any common criterion for precedence or subsequence in space or time. AbstractInformationStructure Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA AIS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Identification_System The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>s which are, in the salient context, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Encrypted" class="cyc_term">Encrypted</a>. Any assertion of the form (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> AIS <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EncryptedAIS" class="cyc_term">EncryptedAIS</a>) will be highly context-dependent, and no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> should be thought of as intrinsically <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Encrypted" class="cyc_term">Encrypted</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Plaintext" class="cyc_term">Plaintext</a>. The character string 'The eagle has landed' might, in the context of two spies communicating, encrypt some information, but in another context it is simply a report that some eagle has landed. It is inherently neither. Whether, in a given context, it is one or the other will depend upon a great many facts (none of which are facts about the state of one's brain, nor of the state of some vaguely-conceived mental substance). EncryptedAIS encrypted ais A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerAIS" class="cyc_term">ComputerAIS</a> is the abstract information structure of an abstract work whose instantiation in computer memory is intended to have meaning. Important specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerFile_AIS" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_AIS</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerCode" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerProgram_CWIS" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CWIS</a>. computer ais ComputerAIS GraphicalAIS The intersection of the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GraphicalStructure" class="cyc_term">GraphicalStructure</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GraphicalAIS" class="cyc_term">GraphicalAIS</a> is the collection of all abstract graphical structures that consist of abstract symbols and the relations between them. graphical AIS LinkParserLinkage link parser linkage A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LinguisticObject" class="cyc_term">LinguisticObject</a>. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LinkParserLinkage" class="cyc_term">LinkParserLinkage</a> is the output of the Link Parser for a particular natural language sentence or a part of it. There can be more than one instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LinkParserLinkage" class="cyc_term">LinkParserLinkage</a> for the same sentence. It is a combination of relationships (represented by links) between words of the sentence. AtomicSymbol-Abstract A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all abstract symbols that are not composed of further symbols. By 'abstract symbol' we mean any abstract object whose concrete instantiations have meaning, broadly construed, according to some convention. For example, the Roman letter 'A' is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>, whereas concrete instantiations of it (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CharacterToken" class="cyc_term">CharacterToken</a>) are not. The character string 'ABC' is not an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>, because it is composed of more than one symbol. An arbitrary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractStructure</a> (such as the abstract structure of carbon dioxide) is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a> unless its instantiations have a meaning, according to some convention. Other examples include all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Character_Abstract" class="cyc_term">Character_Abstract</a>, punctuation marks, words (but not their corresponding character strings), symbols of diagram types (e.g. the symbols used in schematic diagrams for electrical curcuits), and abstract individual sound structures (see e.g <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Phoneme" class="cyc_term">Phoneme</a>). abstract atomic symbol justification generation template JustificationGenerationTemplate graphical structure that is also AIS (CollectionIntersection2Fn GraphicalStructure AbstractInformationStructure) A sentential constituent is a possible part of a natural language sentence, such as a noun phrase or verb phrase. SententialConstituent sentential constituent information structure of a conceptual work CWInfoStructure The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>s that define the complete structure for a specific version [see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/infoStructureOfCW" class="cyc_term">infoStructureOfCW</a>] of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. reminding-analogy Reminding-Analogy A Reminding is an instance of the use of the MAC/FAC similarity-based retrieval algorithm. phonological word form The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>s that represent the phonology of a natural language word. Every instantiation of a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NLWord_Phonological" class="cyc_term">NLWord_Phonological</a> will be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NLWord_IBT" class="cyc_term">NLWord_IBT</a>, and will share the same phonology, but may differ somewhat in spelling, due to the arbitrariness of spelling conventions and the possibility that the writer may be ignorant of or may choose not to follow such conventions, or in pronunciation, due to factors such as an individual's accent or the phonological environment in which the word is pronounced. NLWord-Phonological sentence The collection of all sentences of any (natural or artificial) language. This excludes "open" formulae of formal languages: expressions that are like sentences except for containing one or more unbound (or "free") variables. Sentence The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> that serve as patterns for mapping one sort of text structure into another. parsing template ParsingTemplate A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LinguisticObject" class="cyc_term">LinguisticObject</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LexicalItem" class="cyc_term">LexicalItem</a> is the collection of linguistic objects that are part of the lexicon of some natural language or other. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LexicalItem" class="cyc_term">LexicalItem</a> include words as well as constituents of words, such as affixes (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LexicalWord" class="cyc_term">LexicalWord</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WordConstituent" class="cyc_term">WordConstituent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LexicalAffix" class="cyc_term">LexicalAffix</a>). lexical item LexicalItem A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractStructure</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is an abstract individual comprising abstract symbols and relations between them. Important specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CharacterString" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Sentence" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> also includes abstract diagrams, graphs, and bit strings. The collection can be more precisely defined as follows: Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is such that each of its physical instantiations (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIS" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIS</a>) consists of instantiations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>, arranged in a certain way. For example, the abstract sentence 'The pig flies' is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Each written instantiation of it consists of an instantiation of the words (symbols) 'The', 'pig' and 'flies', written in that order. (If the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> 'The pig flies' were spoken, the same words would appear in the same order, i.e. 'The' first, etc., but the sequence would be determined by the arrangement of the spoken words in time, rather than space.) Likewise with abstract diagrams, graphs, etc. Each of these is such that its physical instantiations consist of arrangements of instantiations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>. A hard copy of a wiring diagram consists of a group of concrete symbols representing various circuit components, in which these symbols are spatially arranged in a certain in way. The arrangement of the concrete symbols in an instantiation of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is not always a simple matter of arrangement in space or time. The sequence of symbols '0010010111011001' can be instantiated in written, spoken, or electronic forms. In the last case, the order of the symbols is determined by conventions concerning the electronic medium in which it is stored, rather than by any common criterion for precedence or subsequence in space or time. AbstractInformationStructure AIS An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CollectionType" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FixedOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingStuffType" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. first-order collection FirstOrderCollection A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractStructure</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is an abstract individual comprising abstract symbols and relations between them. Important specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CharacterString" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Sentence" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> also includes abstract diagrams, graphs, and bit strings. The collection can be more precisely defined as follows: Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is such that each of its physical instantiations (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIS" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIS</a>) consists of instantiations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>, arranged in a certain way. For example, the abstract sentence 'The pig flies' is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Each written instantiation of it consists of an instantiation of the words (symbols) 'The', 'pig' and 'flies', written in that order. (If the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> 'The pig flies' were spoken, the same words would appear in the same order, i.e. 'The' first, etc., but the sequence would be determined by the arrangement of the spoken words in time, rather than space.) Likewise with abstract diagrams, graphs, etc. Each of these is such that its physical instantiations consist of arrangements of instantiations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>. A hard copy of a wiring diagram consists of a group of concrete symbols representing various circuit components, in which these symbols are spatially arranged in a certain in way. The arrangement of the concrete symbols in an instantiation of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is not always a simple matter of arrangement in space or time. The sequence of symbols '0010010111011001' can be instantiated in written, spoken, or electronic forms. In the last case, the order of the symbols is determined by conventions concerning the electronic medium in which it is stored, rather than by any common criterion for precedence or subsequence in space or time. AbstractInformationStructure AIS (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/wikipediaArticleURL" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <font color="#ff0000">#$Wikipedia-WebSite</font> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL wikipediaArticleURL A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractStructure</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is an abstract individual comprising abstract symbols and relations between them. Important specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CharacterString" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Sentence" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> also includes abstract diagrams, graphs, and bit strings. The collection can be more precisely defined as follows: Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is such that each of its physical instantiations (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIS" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIS</a>) consists of instantiations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>, arranged in a certain way. For example, the abstract sentence 'The pig flies' is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Each written instantiation of it consists of an instantiation of the words (symbols) 'The', 'pig' and 'flies', written in that order. (If the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> 'The pig flies' were spoken, the same words would appear in the same order, i.e. 'The' first, etc., but the sequence would be determined by the arrangement of the spoken words in time, rather than space.) Likewise with abstract diagrams, graphs, etc. Each of these is such that its physical instantiations consist of arrangements of instantiations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>. A hard copy of a wiring diagram consists of a group of concrete symbols representing various circuit components, in which these symbols are spatially arranged in a certain in way. The arrangement of the concrete symbols in an instantiation of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is not always a simple matter of arrangement in space or time. The sequence of symbols '0010010111011001' can be instantiated in written, spoken, or electronic forms. In the last case, the order of the symbols is determined by conventions concerning the electronic medium in which it is stored, rather than by any common criterion for precedence or subsequence in space or time. AbstractInformationStructure AIS This collection was reified prior to completing its basic representation in order to facilitate the loading of files on which it depends. AbstractStructure abstract structure A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractStructure</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is an abstract individual comprising abstract symbols and relations between them. Important specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CharacterString" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Sentence" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> also includes abstract diagrams, graphs, and bit strings. The collection can be more precisely defined as follows: Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is such that each of its physical instantiations (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIS" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIS</a>) consists of instantiations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>, arranged in a certain way. For example, the abstract sentence 'The pig flies' is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Each written instantiation of it consists of an instantiation of the words (symbols) 'The', 'pig' and 'flies', written in that order. (If the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> 'The pig flies' were spoken, the same words would appear in the same order, i.e. 'The' first, etc., but the sequence would be determined by the arrangement of the spoken words in time, rather than space.) Likewise with abstract diagrams, graphs, etc. Each of these is such that its physical instantiations consist of arrangements of instantiations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>. A hard copy of a wiring diagram consists of a group of concrete symbols representing various circuit components, in which these symbols are spatially arranged in a certain in way. The arrangement of the concrete symbols in an instantiation of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is not always a simple matter of arrangement in space or time. The sequence of symbols '0010010111011001' can be instantiated in written, spoken, or electronic forms. In the last case, the order of the symbols is determined by conventions concerning the electronic medium in which it is stored, rather than by any common criterion for precedence or subsequence in space or time. AbstractInformationStructure AIS A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractStructure</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is an abstract individual comprising abstract symbols and relations between them. Important specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CharacterString" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Sentence" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> also includes abstract diagrams, graphs, and bit strings. The collection can be more precisely defined as follows: Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is such that each of its physical instantiations (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIS" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIS</a>) consists of instantiations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>, arranged in a certain way. For example, the abstract sentence 'The pig flies' is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Each written instantiation of it consists of an instantiation of the words (symbols) 'The', 'pig' and 'flies', written in that order. (If the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> 'The pig flies' were spoken, the same words would appear in the same order, i.e. 'The' first, etc., but the sequence would be determined by the arrangement of the spoken words in time, rather than space.) Likewise with abstract diagrams, graphs, etc. Each of these is such that its physical instantiations consist of arrangements of instantiations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtomicSymbol_Abstract" class="cyc_term">AtomicSymbol_Abstract</a>. A hard copy of a wiring diagram consists of a group of concrete symbols representing various circuit components, in which these symbols are spatially arranged in a certain in way. The arrangement of the concrete symbols in an instantiation of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is not always a simple matter of arrangement in space or time. The sequence of symbols '0010010111011001' can be instantiated in written, spoken, or electronic forms. In the last case, the order of the symbols is determined by conventions concerning the electronic medium in which it is stored, rather than by any common criterion for precedence or subsequence in space or time. AbstractInformationStructure AIS