]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s (q.v.) that are carried out by some "doer" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> include any event in which one or more actors effect some change in the (tangible or intangible) state of the world, typically by an expenditure of effort or energy. Note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of an action might be intangible (such as a change in a bank balance or the intimidation of a subordinate). Note also that the doer of an action, though typically an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.), need not be (e.g. a falling rock that dents a car's roof). Depending upon the context, doers of actions might be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious. For actions that are intentional, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/performedBy" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>. action Action Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior perpetrate behavior activities has behaved perpetrating had behaved experiences behaving have behaved will have perpetrated behaviour will behave deed activity behaved deeds had perpetrated have perpetrated will perpetrate experience actions behave perpetrated has perpetrated act acts will have behaved behaves perpetrates political action PoliticalAction UnbalancingSomething unbalancing A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UnbalancingSomething" class="cyc_term">UnbalancingSomething</a>, something throws something else out of balance or equilibrium. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LosingTrackOfSomething" class="cyc_term">LosingTrackOfSomething</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> in which an agent who formally knew the location of a particular thing comes to no longer know the location of that thing. LosingTrackOfSomething losing IBTGeneration generation of an information bearing thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> is an event which creates some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> created may be either a transient wave phenomenon (e.g. sound, light, or radio waves), or it may be a relatively long-lasting instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (cf. the important specialization of IBTGeneration -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBOCreation" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a>). Humans frequently generate such IBTs as spoken language, gestures, and handwritten notes. It is irrelevant for instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> whether there is another agent who accesses the resulting IBT. Note that every communication act starts with an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. (Thus, see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> and its specializations, especially <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>.) For an analogous collection regarding instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CWCreation" class="cyc_term">CWCreation</a>. Two important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration_Original" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration_Replication" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Replication</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ibtGenerated" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>. errand Errand The collection of all errands. IntelligenceActivity intelligence activity ActionOnObject action on an object A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>; the collection of physical events in which some doer acts on an object. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActionOnObject" class="cyc_term">ActionOnObject</a> is an action in which both the roles of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectActedOn" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> (qq.v.) are filled. Examples include someone typing on a keyboard and a tornado destroying a building. Non-examples include a person dancing and wind blowing. BecomingAParticipantInSomething entering A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BecomingAParticipantInSomething" class="cyc_term">BecomingAParticipantInSomething</a>, someone becomes a participant; is involved in something. Recourse recourse leaning LeaningOnSomething scheduled status An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActionTypeByWorkflowStatus" class="cyc_term">ActionTypeByWorkflowStatus</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PostponedStatus" class="cyc_term">PostponedStatus</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> that is scheduled to take place. ScheduledStatus Military-Action armed action An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActionTypeByWorkflowStatus" class="cyc_term">ActionTypeByWorkflowStatus</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PostponedStatus" class="cyc_term">PostponedStatus</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> that is being postponed. PostponedStatus postponed status precession Precession-Action A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance is the act of some things preceding in time or order or rank (as in a ceremony). The collection of occurrences or events held at least partly to promote some product or service, or to help some candidate get elected to public office. promotion PromotionalEvent AccessingAnIBT information-accessing event A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AccessingAnIBT" class="cyc_term">AccessingAnIBT</a> is an action by which an agent accesses the content of some instance(s) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. Examples include (getting information from) reading a newspaper, watching a film, listening to a musical performance, decoding an encrypted message, seeing a traffic police officer wave one on, or hearing one's roommate ask one to take out the trash. increase action IncreaseAction The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>s in which an agent acts to produce a increase in some quantity. wrongdoing Wrongdoing NonDiplomatic non diplomatic reducing The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>s in which an agent acts to produce a decrease in some quantity. DecreaseAction (ReactionToSituationTypeFn (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Flooding eventOccursAt BasementRoom)) responding to floods in which a basement plays a location role gaining an agents favor GainingAnAgentsFavor An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AccomplishmentType" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GainingAnAgentsFavor" class="cyc_term">GainingAnAgentsFavor</a> is an event in which one agent gains the favor of another (intentionally or otherwise). In such an event, the latter agent comes to regard the former agent with support, approval, and the like. the concept corresponding to CREATIVE-MATERIAL-ACTION in SENSUS-Information1997 (MeaningInSystemFn SENSUS-Information1997 "CREATIVE-MATERIAL-ACTION") Diplomatic diplomatic SuperhumanAct superhuman act Actions which, when performed by humans, exhibit a form of 'divine efficacy', or seem to be those of a superhuman entity of extraordinary physical or mental prowess. The actions of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Superman" class="cyc_term">Superman</a>, or the miracles of those in the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Saint" class="cyc_term">Saint</a>, or the actions of other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DivineBeing" class="cyc_term">DivineBeing</a> which are clearly beyond the ability of human beings, constitute a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SuperhumanAct" class="cyc_term">SuperhumanAct</a>. So, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Flying" class="cyc_term">Flying</a> when performed by a human unaided by a flying machine can be considered a superhuman act. AlmostDoingAnAction A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AlmostDoingAnAction" class="cyc_term">AlmostDoingAnAction</a>, something almost does or experiences something else. coming near mistake MakingAMistake disrupting something A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DisruptionEvent" class="cyc_term">DisruptionEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DisruptingSomething" class="cyc_term">DisruptingSomething</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> in which some agent (intentionally or otherwise) disrupts an event, i.e. prevents it from occurring as usual, expected, or planned. DisruptingSomething The collection of behaviors that go against the social conventions of politeness. This will be a different set of behaviors in different circumstances (contexts). In an office, e.g., it might be rude to make a loud noise, but at a football game it might be rude to not do so. RudeAction rude thing losing control of a controlled actor LosingControlOfAControlledActor A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntelligentAgent" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> loses control of something it had been previously controlling (this may be its own body). A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransferOfControl" class="cyc_term">TransferOfControl</a>. The collection of acts in which a human agent pardons some past perceived wrong on the part of another human agent. forgiving Forgiving computer activity A collection of events, and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerActivity" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>, at least one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Computer" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> is somehow involved. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> may or may not be involved. (Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerActivity" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a> where no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> is involved fall under the more specialized collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerProcessRunning" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcessRunning</a>.) A wide variety of activities falls into this collection - from sending an email (see the more specialized collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EMailSending" class="cyc_term">EMailSending</a>), to scanning a set of ports (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PortScan" class="cyc_term">PortScan</a>), to a computer crash (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerCrashing" class="cyc_term">ComputerCrashing</a>). ComputerActivity cancelled thing CancelledStatus An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActionTypeByWorkflowStatus" class="cyc_term">ActionTypeByWorkflowStatus</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CancelledStatus" class="cyc_term">CancelledStatus</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> that has the status of being cancelled. non military NonMilitary-Action PendingStatus An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActionTypeByWorkflowStatus" class="cyc_term">ActionTypeByWorkflowStatus</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PendingStatus" class="cyc_term">PendingStatus</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> ACT such that it is not yet determined whether ACT will be carried out. pending status A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FulfillingAnObligation" class="cyc_term">FulfillingAnObligation</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Obligation" class="cyc_term">Obligation</a> (moral, legal, etc.) is partially or completely fulfilled. FulfillingAnObligation fulfilling an obligation SecurityBreach The collection of all events in which some sort of security has been breached. Examples include classified information transmitted to an unclassified destination, a person placing a classified document in an unclassified space, or simply a building being broken into. security breach SettlingIntoANewPlaceOfResidence A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SettlingIntoANewPlaceOfResidence" class="cyc_term">SettlingIntoANewPlaceOfResidence</a>, someone takes up residence and become established. settling outsourcing a loan OutsourcingALoan SociabilityBasedAction A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SocialOccurrence" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SociabilityBasedAction" class="cyc_term">SociabilityBasedAction</a> is an action done mostly for the sake of sociability, in which considerations of socially acceptable interactions with others are important. social activity penetrating something A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> and specialziation of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PenetrationEvent" class="cyc_term">PenetrationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PenetratingSomething" class="cyc_term">PenetratingSomething</a> is an event in which an agent penetrates something. The act may be purporseful or otherwise, and the object doing the penetrating may be the agent itself or an object controlled by the agent. Examples include diving into a swimming pool (penetrating the surface of the water), piercing someone's ear, or hammering a nail into a board. PenetratingSomething A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultipleDoerAction" class="cyc_term">MultipleDoerAction</a> is an action which must have more than one "doer" (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). In order for a type of action (i.e., a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>) to be a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultipleDoerAction" class="cyc_term">MultipleDoerAction</a>, it must be true to assert, for any instance ACT of that type of action, both (doneBy ACT X) and (doneBy ACT Y), for some X and Y that are different. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultipleDoerAction" class="cyc_term">MultipleDoerAction</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TeamSportsCompetition" class="cyc_term">TeamSportsCompetition</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MeetingSomeone" class="cyc_term">MeetingSomeone</a>. multiple doer action MultipleDoerAction NonViolentAction non violent Active action form of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Goal" class="cyc_term">Goal</a>, that is, my goal is hitting Sally, not being in a state where Sally was hit by me. GoalAction goal action wild action WildAction The collection of all actions in which those taking the action [see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/performedBy" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>] repeatedly violate normal codes of conduct [see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CodeOfConduct" class="cyc_term">CodeOfConduct</a>] in a non-organized manner. This is the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>s <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Group" class="cyc_term">Group</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s. group activity GroupActivity merger or acquisition OrganizationMerger The collection of actions in which one organization is merged into another. This is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a> because an entity is not always brought into being during these actions. In some cases, the merged organization becomes a owned suborganization of the organization into which it is being merged. In others, the merged organizations become parts of a new organization that was created by the merger. This collection includes cases where both organizations are voluntary participants as well as cases that people consider to be "forced" mergers. losing A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LosingSightOfSomething" class="cyc_term">LosingSightOfSomething</a>, someone allows something to go out of sight. LosingSightOfSomething Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExhibitingCourage" class="cyc_term">ExhibitingCourage</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> in which an agent exhibits courage -- i.e. the ability to face danger with poise and resolve. exhibiting courage ExhibitingCourage SingleDoerAction action with only one performer A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SingleDoerAction" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a> is an action which can have only one "doer" (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Such actions may be intentional, but they need not be. Most bodily functions (e.g., the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Heartbeating" class="cyc_term">Heartbeating</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Bleeding_TheAction" class="cyc_term">Bleeding_TheAction</a>) belong to specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SingleDoerAction" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a>, because the only doer of a normal bodily function is the body of a single agent. In order for a type of action (i.e., a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>) to be a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SingleDoerAction" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a>, it must be inconsistent to assert, for any instance <code>ACT</code> of that type of action, both <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> ACT X)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> ACT Y)</code>, where <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> are different. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SingleDoerAction" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Sleeping" class="cyc_term">Sleeping</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dying" class="cyc_term">Dying</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimalWalkingProcess" class="cyc_term">AnimalWalkingProcess</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WritingByHand" class="cyc_term">WritingByHand</a>. IntelligentAgentActivity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> (q.v.). Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntelligentAgentActivity" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgentActivity</a> is an action, each of whose "doers" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateDoer" class="cyc_term">animateDoer</a>s) is either an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntelligentAgent" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> or a group of such agents (i.e. a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Group" class="cyc_term">Group</a> all of whose members are intelligent agents). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanActivity" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Reading" class="cyc_term">Reading</a>. intelligent agent activity BusinessIntimidation business intimidation (CollectionDifferenceFn Action PurposefulAction) action that is not an intentional action The collection of all rock climbing. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>. rock climbing (GenDoingFn RockClimbing) NonPoliticalAction non political indulgence Indulgence AddingAnEntryToAnIndex adding an entry to an index ExecutingStatus executing thing An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActionTypeByWorkflowStatus" class="cyc_term">ActionTypeByWorkflowStatus</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompletedStatus" class="cyc_term">CompletedStatus</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> that is in the process of being executed (though it may be in a state of interruption; see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InterruptedStatus" class="cyc_term">InterruptedStatus</a>). UsingAnAlgorithm using an algorithm A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> whose instances are events in which one or more intelligent agents (possibly software agents) accurately, completely, and "purposely" follow the steps of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Algorithm" class="cyc_term">Algorithm</a> (q.v.) with respect to some input(s) (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/algorithmInputs" class="cyc_term">algorithmInputs</a>). In using an algorithm, one is of course thereby also doing whatever it is that the algorithm is an algorithm for. For example, in following an algorithm for long division one is in fact dividing one number by another. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UsingAnAlgorithm" class="cyc_term">UsingAnAlgorithm</a> are by definition "successful" in that the algorithm in question must not be deviated from or incompletely followed. An event in which a computer follows an algorithm (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/computerProcessAlgorithms" class="cyc_term">computerProcessAlgorithms</a>) might be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UsingAnAlgorithm" class="cyc_term">UsingAnAlgorithm</a>, but only if that event is an agentive computer process associated with some pre-existing instance of #$SoftwareAgent (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/softwareAgentProcesses" class="cyc_term">softwareAgentProcesses</a>). For actions in which an agent, rather than carrying out an algorithm directly, uses a device that embodies an algorithm, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Computing" class="cyc_term">Computing</a>. causing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TriggeringSomething" class="cyc_term">TriggeringSomething</a> is an event the most notable feature of which is that it sets some other event or process into motion. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PullingATrigger" class="cyc_term">PullingATrigger</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TrapTrippingEvent" class="cyc_term">TrapTrippingEvent</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TriggeringSomething" class="cyc_term">TriggeringSomething</a> need not be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> (think of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Mouse_Rodent" class="cyc_term">Mouse_Rodent</a> triggering a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MouseTrap" class="cyc_term">MouseTrap</a>). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TriggeringMechanism" class="cyc_term">TriggeringMechanism</a>. TriggeringSomething locking in LockingIn Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ResumingAnActivity" class="cyc_term">ResumingAnActivity</a> is an event in which an agent resumes the performance of an activity, i.e. goes back to performing it after going a while without performing it. ResumingAnActivity resuming an activity A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> (q.v.) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event_Localized" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>. Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimateActivity" class="cyc_term">AnimateActivity</a> is a spatially-localized action, each of whose "doers" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateDoer" class="cyc_term">animateDoer</a>s) is either a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalLivingObject" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> or a group of BLOs (i.e. a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Group" class="cyc_term">Group</a> all of whose members are BLOs). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimalActivity" class="cyc_term">AnimalActivity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalEvent" class="cyc_term">BiologicalEvent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysiologicalProcess" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalProcess</a>. AnimateActivity animate activity The collection of all sprees. Spree spree threatening to do arson ThreateningToDoArson intentional action A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> is an action consciously, volitionally, and purposefully done by (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/performedBy" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>) at least one actor. PurposefulAction change of device state ChangingDeviceState A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntrinsicStateChangeEvent" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a> (q.v.). The collection of events in which a device goes from one basic state (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/fromState" class="cyc_term">fromState</a>) to another (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/toState" class="cyc_term">toState</a>). A change of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DeviceTypeByState" class="cyc_term">DeviceTypeByState</a> (q.v.) might be due to an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> adjusting the device, or it might happen automatically due to the behavior of the device itself. The two most general state changes (for powered devices) are from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Device_On" class="cyc_term">Device_On</a> to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Device_Off" class="cyc_term">Device_Off</a>, and vice versa. Many other states peculiar to specific devices can be identified. For example, the states of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dishwasher" class="cyc_term">Dishwasher</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DeviceState_Washing" class="cyc_term">DeviceState_Washing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DeviceState_Rinsing" class="cyc_term">DeviceState_Rinsing</a>; and the states of a trapping device might include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TrapArmed" class="cyc_term">TrapArmed</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TrapTripped" class="cyc_term">TrapTripped</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TrapIdle" class="cyc_term">TrapIdle</a>. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChangingDeviceState" class="cyc_term">ChangingDeviceState</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UnlockingALock" class="cyc_term">UnlockingALock</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChargingABattery" class="cyc_term">ChargingABattery</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerCrashing" class="cyc_term">ComputerCrashing</a>. PreventingFromHappening A collection of events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PreventingFromHappening" class="cyc_term">PreventingFromHappening</a> is an event which is the prevention of another event from taking place. For example, the act of a police officer stopping a crime in progress would be the prevention of a crime. To relate instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PreventingFromHappening" class="cyc_term">PreventingFromHappening</a> to the event types that they prevent, use the function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PreventingFn" class="cyc_term">PreventingFn</a>. preventing mercy Mercy Synthesis-Generic synthesis A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Synthesis_Generic" class="cyc_term">Synthesis_Generic</a> is an event in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_Generic" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> synthesizes (combines, puts together) two or more instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Paint" class="cyc_term">Paint</a>s or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LinguisticObject" class="cyc_term">LinguisticObject</a>s) to create something new. A first-order collection and a sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EndingASituation" class="cyc_term">EndingASituation</a> represents a generic type of event in which an agent somehow ends another, larger <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. There is no implied success or failure associated with instances of this class. Those distinctions are made in its sub-collecitons: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbandoningASituation" class="cyc_term">AbandoningASituation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompletingAnAction" class="cyc_term">CompletingAnAction</a>. EndingASituation ending A situation exposing something ExposingSomething A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExposingSomething" class="cyc_term">ExposingSomething</a> is an event in which something causes something to be exposed to something. (The notion of X's being exposed to Y is difficult to define precisely, but very roughly it means that Y has access to, or can reach, X.) Some examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExposingSomething" class="cyc_term">ExposingSomething</a>: taking off one's hat, stepping out into the sun, turning a page of a book, opening a jar of peanut butter. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExposingSomething" class="cyc_term">ExposingSomething</a> need not be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>; consider, e.g. accidentally knocking one's hat off, or a gust of wind blowing one's hat off. For the relatively static exposure event which follows an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExposingSomething" class="cyc_term">ExposingSomething</a>, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExposureEvent" class="cyc_term">ExposureEvent</a>. continuation Continuation A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Continuation" class="cyc_term">Continuation</a> is an event in which an agent continues the performance some previously initiated action. In general, this means that instances of this collection will be non-initial <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subEvents" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of some non-punctual event (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DurativeEventType" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a> and PunctualEventType). This collection is intended to cover both i) cases in which an agent continues to perform some sort of iterative event (e.g. non-initial <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Breathing" class="cyc_term">Breathing</a> events; cf.<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IterativeEventType" class="cyc_term">IterativeEventType</a>), as well as ii) cases in which an agent continues or resumes the performance of some (possibly discontinuous) event (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/temporallyContinuousDuring" class="cyc_term">temporallyContinuousDuring</a>). Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Resumption" class="cyc_term">Resumption</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Repetition" class="cyc_term">Repetition</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Attempting" class="cyc_term">Attempting</a> is an event in which an agent attempts (whether successfully or not) to perform some type of action: attempts to use a telephone, attempts to solve a math problem, attempts to go to the store. Specializations of this collection can be created on the fly via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AttemptingFn" class="cyc_term">AttemptingFn</a> (q.v.). attempt to do something Attempting entry EnteringAContainer The collection of events in which an object enters a container. expressing emotion ExpressingEmotion A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExpressingEmotion" class="cyc_term">ExpressingEmotion</a>, someone gives verbal or other expression to their feelings. (GenDoingFn SnowSkiing) snow-skiing The collection of all snow-skiing. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ViolatingAnObligation" class="cyc_term">ViolatingAnObligation</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Obligation" class="cyc_term">Obligation</a> (moral, legal, etc.) is violated. Two important specializations are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ImmoralAct" class="cyc_term">ImmoralAct</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IllegalAction" class="cyc_term">IllegalAction</a>. ViolatingAnObligation violating an obligation Boiling Water VSCWT 01 BoilingWater-VSCWT01 KenKeseysAcidTests Ken Keseys Acid Tests Event event An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> and thus also of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntangibleIndividual" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporallyExistingThing" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a> (qq.v). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> is a dynamic situation in which the state of the world changes; each instance is something one would say "happens". Events are intangible because they are changes per se, not tangible objects that effect and undergo changes. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event_Localized" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GeneralizedTransfer" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s should not be confused with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s (q.v.). The temporal bounds of events are delineated by time intervals, but in contrast to many events time intervals have no spatial location or extent. The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s (q.v.) that are carried out by some "doer" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> include any event in which one or more actors effect some change in the (tangible or intangible) state of the world, typically by an expenditure of effort or energy. Note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of an action might be intangible (such as a change in a bank balance or the intimidation of a subordinate). Note also that the doer of an action, though typically an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.), need not be (e.g. a falling rock that dents a car's roof). Depending upon the context, doers of actions might be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious. For actions that are intentional, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/performedBy" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>. action Action The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s (q.v.) that are carried out by some "doer" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> include any event in which one or more actors effect some change in the (tangible or intangible) state of the world, typically by an expenditure of effort or energy. Note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of an action might be intangible (such as a change in a bank balance or the intimidation of a subordinate). Note also that the doer of an action, though typically an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.), need not be (e.g. a falling rock that dents a car's roof). Depending upon the context, doers of actions might be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious. For actions that are intentional, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/performedBy" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>. action Action type of animal capability AnimalCapabilityType This is the collection of types of action which can be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> all normal adult animals in typical circumstances. They are animal capabilities in the sense that we expect any normal adult animal to be able to do them, as opposed to the sense that some animal can do them. Also, this is not the collection of actions which must be done by an animal, for which see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimalActivity" class="cyc_term">AnimalActivity</a>. The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s (q.v.) that are carried out by some "doer" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> include any event in which one or more actors effect some change in the (tangible or intangible) state of the world, typically by an expenditure of effort or energy. Note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of an action might be intangible (such as a change in a bank balance or the intimidation of a subordinate). Note also that the doer of an action, though typically an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.), need not be (e.g. a falling rock that dents a car's roof). Depending upon the context, doers of actions might be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious. For actions that are intentional, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/performedBy" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>. action Action Actions-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CycVocabularyTopic" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KBDependentCollection" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. actions-topic top-topic Top-Topic expression Expression-Underspecified The collection of underspecified individuals -- tangible or otherwise -- that are typically conceptualized by human beings for purposes of common-sense reasoning as "expressions" of some feature or feeling. This is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_Underspecified" class="cyc_term">Agent_Underspecified</a> for the same reason that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FeelingAttribute" class="cyc_term">FeelingAttribute</a> are: An expression -- e.g., an expression of anger -- can often be said to "move" or "affect." The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s (q.v.) that are carried out by some "doer" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> include any event in which one or more actors effect some change in the (tangible or intangible) state of the world, typically by an expenditure of effort or energy. Note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of an action might be intangible (such as a change in a bank balance or the intimidation of a subordinate). Note also that the doer of an action, though typically an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.), need not be (e.g. a falling rock that dents a car's roof). Depending upon the context, doers of actions might be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious. For actions that are intentional, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/performedBy" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>. action Action (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/wikipediaArticleURL" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in #$Wikipedia-WebSite THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL wikipediaArticleURL The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s (q.v.) that are carried out by some "doer" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> include any event in which one or more actors effect some change in the (tangible or intangible) state of the world, typically by an expenditure of effort or energy. Note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of an action might be intangible (such as a change in a bank balance or the intimidation of a subordinate). Note also that the doer of an action, though typically an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.), need not be (e.g. a falling rock that dents a car's roof). Depending upon the context, doers of actions might be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious. For actions that are intentional, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/performedBy" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>. action Action Analyst-PertinentConcept An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptTypeByDomain" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a>. Generally speaking, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Analyst_PertinentConcept" class="cyc_term">Analyst_PertinentConcept</a> are concepts and relations such as are used by intelligence analysts reasoning about threat situations. Specifically, all core concepts in this domain (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/coreConceptOfDomain" class="cyc_term">coreConceptOfDomain</a>) are either 1) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 2) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TernaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 3:)<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsa" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 4) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsa" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TernaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 5) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argGenl" class="cyc_term">argGenl</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TernaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, or 6) concepts or relations that are instances of instances of #$TKBInterfaceCollection. the intelligence analyst reasoning domain the event or role domain A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptTypeByDomain" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a> (q.v.). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EventOrRoleConcept" class="cyc_term">EventOrRoleConcept</a> are collections and relations having to do with general kinds of events and the roles that things can play in them. Major specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a>, and other relations used for stating significant facts about events (such as time, place, causes, and effects) are instances of this collection. EventOrRoleConcept The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s (q.v.) that are carried out by some "doer" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> include any event in which one or more actors effect some change in the (tangible or intangible) state of the world, typically by an expenditure of effort or energy. Note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of an action might be intangible (such as a change in a bank balance or the intimidation of a subordinate). Note also that the doer of an action, though typically an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.), need not be (e.g. a falling rock that dents a car's roof). Depending upon the context, doers of actions might be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious. For actions that are intentional, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/performedBy" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>. action Action BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet Action Artifact-Generic PropositionalConceptualWork)) the union of { actions, generic artifacts, written or spoken works } prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s (q.v.) that are carried out by some "doer" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> include any event in which one or more actors effect some change in the (tangible or intangible) state of the world, typically by an expenditure of effort or energy. Note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of an action might be intangible (such as a change in a bank balance or the intimidation of a subordinate). Note also that the doer of an action, though typically an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.), need not be (e.g. a falling rock that dents a car's roof). Depending upon the context, doers of actions might be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious. For actions that are intentional, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/performedBy" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>. action Action