]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. ActorUseTypeSlot Mx4rvVjv4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorUseTypeSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorUseTypeSlot</a> are actor slots which give information about the fate of the actor - whether it is destroyed, unchanged, temporarily changed, etc. Which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorUseTypeSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorUseTypeSlot</a> an actor appears on affects whether or not the same actor will act in the same role in the same kind of event in the future. actor predicate describing the actor's fate actor predicates describing the actor's fate consumesPortion (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/consumesPortion" class="cyc_term">consumesPortion</a> EV OBJ) means that a portion of the object OBJ is used up (consumed) in the event EV. However, enough of OBJ remains at the end of EV for it to maintain its identity. Thus <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/consumesPortion" class="cyc_term">consumesPortion</a> would be appropriate for an apple that has a bite taken out of it in an eating event, but not for an apple that has been eaten to its core, since the latter is no longer an apple. thing partially consumed thing changing possession <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectOfPossessionTransfer" class="cyc_term">objectOfPossessionTransfer</a> relates an event (more specifically, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChangeInUserRights" class="cyc_term">ChangeInUserRights</a>) to an object (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>) the user rights to which are transferred during that event. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectOfPossessionTransfer" class="cyc_term">objectOfPossessionTransfer</a> EVENT OBJECT)</code> means that in <code>EVENT</code>, all or some rights to use <code>OBJECT</code> are transferred from one agent (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/fromPossessor" class="cyc_term">fromPossessor</a>) to another (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/toPossessor" class="cyc_term">toPossessor</a>). Since <code>EVENT</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChangeInUserRights" class="cyc_term">ChangeInUserRights</a>, it could be (among other things) a buying, renting, lending, or repossessing. objectOfPossessionTransfer unchangedActors unchanged actor (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/unchangedActors" class="cyc_term">unchangedActors</a> EVENT OBJ) means that the object OBJ is an actor (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/actors" class="cyc_term">actors</a>) in the event EVENT, and that OBJ remains virtually unchanged by its participation in the event EVENT. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/unchangedActors" class="cyc_term">unchangedActors</a> EVENT OBJ) implies that OBJ does not appreciably move, nor does it undergo some internal change in its properties, nor is it created or destroyed, in the course of EVENT. Develops Ailment developsAilment An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> (q.v.) for indicating when an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Organism_Whole" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> is developing an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AilmentCondition" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a> (q.v.). (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/developsAilment" class="cyc_term">developsAilment</a> DEV_AIL ORG) means that in the instance DEV_AIL of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DevelopingAilment" class="cyc_term">DevelopingAilment</a> the instance ORG of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Organism_Whole" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> is developing some ailment. For example, suppose we had a specification of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DevelopingAilment" class="cyc_term">DevelopingAilment</a>, DevelopingTheCommonCold. One could then assert that, say, person PERSON01 is coming down with a cold by reifying an instance COMING-DOWN-WITH-COLD01 of DevelopingTheCommonCold and asserting (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/developsAilment" class="cyc_term">developsAilment</a> COMING-DOWN-WITH-COLD01 PERSON01). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/developsAilmentCondition" class="cyc_term">developsAilmentCondition</a>, #$ailmentConditionAffects and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/stateOfAilment" class="cyc_term">stateOfAilment</a>. transformedObject (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/transformedObject" class="cyc_term">transformedObject</a> EVT OBJ) identifies OBJ as the instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> which undergoes a transformation in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalTransformationEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a> EVT. OBJ is destroyed in EVT but a portion of it continues in the output of EVT, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/outputsCreated" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>. Example: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/transformedObject" class="cyc_term">transformedObject</a> SallyTurnsFredIntoAFrog2345 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Fred" class="cyc_term">Fred</a>) means that the thing which undergoes a transformation in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalTransformationEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a> SallyTurnsFredIntoAFrog2345 is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Fred" class="cyc_term">Fred</a>. For changes which don't involve destruction, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntrinsicStateChangeEvent" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/transformedInto" class="cyc_term">transformedInto</a>. thing transformed An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectActedOn" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/thingHarmed" class="cyc_term">thingHarmed</a> (qq.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHarmed" class="cyc_term">objectHarmed</a> EVENT OBJECT)</code> means that <code>OBJECT</code> has been harmed in <code>EVENT</code>. The harm to <code>OBJECT</code> might be in the form of damage (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/damages" class="cyc_term">damages</a>) or, if <code>OBJECT</code> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_Generic" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>, the harm might consist in the interests or well-being of <code>OBJECT</code> being thwarted or blocked (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/maleficiary" class="cyc_term">maleficiary</a>). objectHarmed Object Harmed damaged object damages <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/damages" class="cyc_term">damages</a> EVT OBJ)</code> means that <code>OBJ</code> is acted on in <code>EVT</code> in such a way as to end up damaged. Destruction is considered an extreme form of damage. thing permanently committed (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/commitsForFutureUses" class="cyc_term">commitsForFutureUses</a> EVENT OBJECT) means that as a result of EVENT, OBJECT is subsequently put into a configuration and/or a form where it is serving some ongoing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a>. Things which are re-usable in their typical uses: a videocassette, a battery, a brick, an artist's canvas, a canvas tent. Non-reusable things: paint, glue, mortar. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/inputsCommitted" class="cyc_term">inputsCommitted</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/recyclableActors" class="cyc_term">recyclableActors</a>. Consider a brick in a wall in a building. It is `committed for future use' in the role of part-of-a-wall in the event of that building existing. While the building is standing, it can't be part-of-a-wall in another building, though it could serve other roles such as an artistic accent, or to anchor a coat-hook. After the building is torn down, that brick might still be intact, and could be used as part-of-a-wall in a future building. Notice that the brick isn't necessarily transformed by being part of a wall. However, so long as OBJECT serves the use to which it is `assigned' by EVENT, OBJECT is unavailable to be assigned the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a> by another event of the same type, at least an event that would temporally intersect with this committed use of OBJECT. That is what is meant by it being `committed' for a particular future use. An object may be re-used in a similar event, ONLY IF the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a> to which it was assigned in EVENT either comes to its natural end or is given up (or thwarted), or in cases where EVENT is composed of discontinous pieces of time --- to illustrate that latter case, consider a tent that's used to shelter a certain group of workers on weekdays, but is used to shelter a different group in a different location on weekends. commitsForFutureUses recyclableActors An object that requires some sort of reconditioning after each use in the event, before it can be used again in a similar event. E.g., a gun which requires reloading. Recyclable Actors object of state change The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectOfStateChange" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> is used to identify an object undergoing a change of state in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntrinsicStateChangeEvent" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectOfStateChange" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> EVENT OBJECT) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> OBJECT undergoes some kind of intrinsic change of state (such as a change in one of its physical properties) in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntrinsicStateChangeEvent" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a> EVENT. OBJECT exists before EVENT, is directly involved in EVENT, and persists after EVENT (accordingly, this predicate has as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genlPreds" class="cyc_term">genlPreds</a> both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/preActors" class="cyc_term">preActors</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/postActors" class="cyc_term">postActors</a>). The change which OBJECT undergoes is internal or intrinsic; this predicate is not used for extrinsic changes, such as changes in location, orientation, ownership, or status. Note that if OBJECT were destroyed by EVENT and went out of existence in the course of EVENT, then the right predicate to use would be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/inputsDestroyed" class="cyc_term">inputsDestroyed</a>, rather than <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectOfStateChange" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a>. objectOfStateChange An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectActedOn" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/postActors" class="cyc_term">postActors</a> (q.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectOfStatusChange" class="cyc_term">objectOfStatusChange</a> EVENT OBJECT)</code> means that <code>OBJECT</code> undergoes some kind of change of conventional (i.e. social, legal, economic, historic, etc.) status in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChangeOfStatusEvent" class="cyc_term">ChangeOfStatusEvent</a> <code>EVENT</code>. <code>OBJECT</code> exists before and after <code>EVENT</code>, and might or might not be directly involved in <code>EVENT</code>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/topicOfStatusChange" class="cyc_term">topicOfStatusChange</a>. Note that a change of status is an extrinsic change. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectOfStateChange" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a>, which pertains to intrinsic changes (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntrinsicStateChangeEvent" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a>). objectOfStatusChange Object Of Status Change ActorUseTypeSlot Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorUseTypeSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorUseTypeSlot</a> are actor slots which give information about the fate of the actor - whether it is destroyed, unchanged, temporarily changed, etc. Which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorUseTypeSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorUseTypeSlot</a> an actor appears on affects whether or not the same actor will act in the same role in the same kind of event in the future. actor predicate describing the actor's fate KE clarifying collection type The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the #$KRAKEN application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KEClarifyingCollectionType ActorUseTypeSlot Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorUseTypeSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorUseTypeSlot</a> are actor slots which give information about the fate of the actor - whether it is destroyed, unchanged, temporarily changed, etc. Which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorUseTypeSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorUseTypeSlot</a> an actor appears on affects whether or not the same actor will act in the same role in the same kind of event in the future. actor predicate describing the actor's fate PredicateType predicate category A collection of collections, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RelationshipType" class="cyc_term">RelationshipType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PredicateType" class="cyc_term">PredicateType</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Predicate" class="cyc_term">Predicate</a>s. The predicates in a given predicate category represented in the Knowledge Base are typically those sharing some common feature(s) considered significant enough that the collection of all such predicates is useful to reify. Although what constitutes a "significant common feature" is difficult to specify precisely, there are many clear-cut cases. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PredicateType" class="cyc_term">PredicateType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalPartPredicate" class="cyc_term">TemporalPartPredicate</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/QuantitySlot" class="cyc_term">QuantitySlot</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FunctionalSlot" class="cyc_term">FunctionalSlot</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InterActorSlot" class="cyc_term">InterActorSlot</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransitiveBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TransitiveBinaryPredicate</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PropositionalAttitudeSlot" class="cyc_term">PropositionalAttitudeSlot</a>. See also the comment on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Predicate" class="cyc_term">Predicate</a>. A collection of binary predicates; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> relates some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> to a temporal thing involved in that event (here called a "participant", although the thing in question might not be playing an active role in the event). The first argument of every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> is constrained to be an instance of some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>, and the second argument is constrained to be an instance of some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>. All instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> have <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/actors" class="cyc_term">actors</a> as their <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genlPreds" class="cyc_term">genlPreds</a>, directly or indirectly, so that the actor slots form a kind of hierarchy. Each specialized actor slot indicates how its participant participates in the event, i.e., in what role (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/inputs" class="cyc_term">inputs</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/outputs" class="cyc_term">outputs</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Actor slots are not used to indicate the time of an event's occurrence, external representations of the event, and other more remotely related things that are not directly or indirectly "involved" in the occurrence of the event. Time and other quantities are relevant to events but are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>; thus, they are related to events by some non-<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> predicate. Things which are remotely related to the event -- for instance, someone who is affected by the event but doesn't exist when the event occurs -- may be related using some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a> that does not belong to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/affectedAgent" class="cyc_term">affectedAgent</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a>. ActorSlot predicate describing actors in events ActorUseTypeSlot Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorUseTypeSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorUseTypeSlot</a> are actor slots which give information about the fate of the actor - whether it is destroyed, unchanged, temporarily changed, etc. Which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorUseTypeSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorUseTypeSlot</a> an actor appears on affects whether or not the same actor will act in the same role in the same kind of event in the future. actor predicate describing the actor's fate prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String