]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Mx4rvjSBSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Artifact-Generic A collection of things created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s. These creations may be either tangible (like a hammer, a bowl, or a bridge) or intangible (like a set of laws, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a>, or Beethoven's Ninth Symphony). Thus, the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Generic" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>s is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Intangible" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> (q.v.). generic artifact generic artifacts satellite facility SatelliteFacility An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Facility_Generic" class="cyc_term">Facility_Generic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SatelliteFacility" class="cyc_term">SatelliteFacility</a> is a facility for tracking and communicating with orbiting satellites (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Satellite_Device" class="cyc_term">Satellite_Device</a>). RefugeeCamp refugee camp A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InanimateObject" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> is an at least partially tangible thing which was intentionally created by an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (or a group of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s working together) to serve some purpose or perform some function. In order to create an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>, it is not necessary that an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> create the matter out of which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> is composed; rather, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> can create an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> by assembling or modifying existing matter. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s include a wooden flute that's been whittled from a tree branch, a sawhorse that's been put together out of boards and nails, and a coin that's been minted by embossing or by melting liquid silver into a mold. In addition to the obvious human artifacts (buildings, tools, textiles, power lines), the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> also includes certain sorts of things made by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Animal" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>s, such as bird nests, termite mounds, and beaver dams. Artifacts without any tangible parts are excluded from the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>; they are included in the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Intangible" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a>. artifact Artifact cholinesterase inhibiting substance The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ToxicSubstance" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>s that can react with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Acetylcholinesterase" class="cyc_term">Acetylcholinesterase</a> in an animal's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NervousSystem" class="cyc_term">NervousSystem</a>. In sufficient dosages, instance of this collection can induce <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcetylcholinePoisoning" class="cyc_term">AcetylcholinePoisoning</a>. CholinesteraseInhibitingSubstance A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerMarketCategory" class="cyc_term">ComputerMarketCategory</a>. Any kind of physical shared medium of communication between devices. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationBus" class="cyc_term">CommunicationBus</a> is a genls of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerBus" class="cyc_term">ComputerBus</a>, because <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerBus" class="cyc_term">ComputerBus</a> is only for busses internal to and part of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Computer" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>. CommunicationBus communication bus DoorwayCovering A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PortalCovering" class="cyc_term">PortalCovering</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DoorwayCovering" class="cyc_term">DoorwayCovering</a> is a physical object used to cover some kind of portal, including but not limited to doorways in buildings. This collection also includes doors of cars, buses, subways, elevators, garages, airplane hangars -- coverings over any doors that people (and perhaps vehicles) pass through. door sex toy A specialization of #$SexualEntertainmentThing (q.v.). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SexToy" class="cyc_term">SexToy</a> include any products used by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s to enhance their enjoyment of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SexualBehavior" class="cyc_term">SexualBehavior</a>. SexToy Technology-Artifact piece of technology The collection of all pieces of technology. Instances are artifacts, typically devices and machines, but also computer programs and other constructed systems that are 1) the result of applying scientific knowledge to real-world problems, and 2) can be used as a tool in the construction of additional artifacts (e.g., technology, such as a bulldozer or a crane, used in the construction of a building) or in generating a desired state of affairs, such as the creation of an artificial environment (e.g., technology used in refrigeration). Note that there is a normative sense of the word "technology" that refers to new or relatively modern pieces of technology, which this this collection does not represent. A structured system of artifacts intended to play the collective role of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/constrainingObject" class="cyc_term">constrainingObject</a> in a non-trivial subset of the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Movement_TranslationEvent" class="cyc_term">Movement_TranslationEvent</a>s such that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectMoving" class="cyc_term">objectMoving</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ModernMilitaryUnit_Deployable" class="cyc_term">ModernMilitaryUnit_Deployable</a>. Collections of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObstacleSystem_Military" class="cyc_term">ObstacleSystem_Military</a> designed to impede the movements of certain kinds of military unit can be referenced via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MilitarySpecialtyObstacleFn" class="cyc_term">MilitarySpecialtyObstacleFn</a>: collections where the type is intended to impede the performance of certain tasks can be referenced via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MilitaryTaskObstacleFn" class="cyc_term">MilitaryTaskObstacleFn</a>. ObstacleSystem-Military military obstacle system abstract computer file In some respects and in some domains (notably, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerSecurityMt" class="cyc_term">ComputerSecurityMt</a>) it is sometimes more convenient and more natural to represent computer files as instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. This enables <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cyclist" class="cyc_term">Cyclist</a>s to adapt existing, program-(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>) oriented vocabulary to represent files. On the other hand, in some respects (notably when dealing with encryption) it is sometimes more convenient and natural to represent computer files as instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Thus we have two collections, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerFile_AIS" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_AIS</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerFile_CW" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_CW</a>. This collection, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerFile_Abstract" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_Abstract</a>, serves as the union of these two collections in order that there might be some vocabulary which can apply to both collections (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/fileFoundOnComputer" class="cyc_term">fileFoundOnComputer</a>). ComputerFile-Abstract The collection of all planned unit developments. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Neighborhood" class="cyc_term">Neighborhood</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PlannedUnitDevelopment" class="cyc_term">PlannedUnitDevelopment</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ResidentialTerrainFeatureType" class="cyc_term">ResidentialTerrainFeatureType</a>. planned unit development PlannedUnitDevelopment Pom-Pom pom-pom The collection of decorative bunches of thread or yarn used to decorate clothing. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_Generic" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> created by an agent or agents (i.e., by some instance(s) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_Generic" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>). Since each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Agentive" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Agentive</a> is created by an agent, each instance is also an artifact (i.e., an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Generic" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>). One important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Agentive" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Agentive</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Organization" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Agentive" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Agentive</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_NonArtifactual" class="cyc_term">Agent_NonArtifactual</a>, the collection of all agents _not_ created by an agent. agentive artifact Artifact-Agentive the union of { petrol station, parking garages } (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet ServiceStation ParkingGarage)) canned food The collection for canned food, processed foodstuff which when bought is typically packaged in a can; e.g., canned fruit, vegetables, soup. CannedFood <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerInformationStorageMedia" class="cyc_term">ComputerInformationStorageMedia</a> is the subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationStorageMedia" class="cyc_term">InformationStorageMedia</a> whose instances are all and only those entities on which instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerFileCopy" class="cyc_term">ComputerFileCopy</a> are stored. computer storage medium ComputerInformationStorageMedia The collection of places where garbage winds up for indefinite storage. dumping ground Dump non-agentive artifact An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Generic" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_NonAgentive" class="cyc_term">Artifact_NonAgentive</a> is the collection of all artifacts that are _not_ agents (i.e., that are _not_ instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_Generic" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>). Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_NonAgentive" class="cyc_term">Artifact_NonAgentive</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Bicycle" class="cyc_term">Bicycle</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Pants" class="cyc_term">Pants</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Canal" class="cyc_term">Canal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FoodUtensil" class="cyc_term">FoodUtensil</a>. Artifact-NonAgentive (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet AirlineCompany Airport-Physical)) the union of { airlines, airports } VisualInformationBearingThing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Generic" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. Each instance of this collection is an artifact from which information is extracted by viewing it (note that a viewer may need to be familiar with an appropriate set of interpretive conventions in order to do this). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a> include handwritten letters, newspapers, sculptures, television sets, and neon signs. (Thus, the information content of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a>s may or may not be propositional in nature.) In the proper conditions, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a> produce instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualImage" class="cyc_term">VisualImage</a> (which, unlike instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a>, are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>). For example, if one shines light on a photograph, a characteristic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualImage" class="cyc_term">VisualImage</a> is produced. Likewise, if one electrifies a neon sign, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualImage" class="cyc_term">VisualImage</a> is produced. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a> -- sources of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualImage" class="cyc_term">VisualImage</a> that do not move (which thus includes all the examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a> given above except for the television set). See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/visuallyDepicts" class="cyc_term">visuallyDepicts</a>. visual information source sniffer PacketSniffer An object that examines packets of data sent over a network and extracts information from them. Used as a tool by webmasters, may be used in espionage. Generally, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PacketSniffer" class="cyc_term">PacketSniffer</a> are either programs residing on some computer connected to the network, or they physical devices connected to some peice of hardware which is connected to, or part of, the network. BlisterAgentStuff blister agent The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ToxicSubstance" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>s designed to destroy skin and tissue. They may also cause blindness and respiratory damage. HumanResidenceArea human residence A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GeographicalRegion" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanResidenceArea" class="cyc_term">HumanResidenceArea</a> is a region in which a number of people live semi-permanently (that is, for a duration of at least a year or more). Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SanFranciscoBayArea" class="cyc_term">SanFranciscoBayArea</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ResearchTrianglePark" class="cyc_term">ResearchTrianglePark</a>, research stations at the #$SouthPole, and radar posts in the Aleutians. ComputerMarketCategory computer product A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Product" class="cyc_term">Product</a>. Each instance of this collection is a product somehow associated with computers. The collection includes computer hardware and software as well as supplies that are used with computers such as magnetic media, printer paper, cables, etc. Important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerHardwareItem" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareItem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerSoftwareMarketCategory" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareMarketCategory</a>. A collection of all economic systems. It can be the economic system of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GeopoliticalEntity" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>, or the economic system in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GeographicalRegion" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. To refer to the economic system of a particular country or a state (or a province, etc.), use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EconomyFn" class="cyc_term">EconomyFn</a>. economic system EconomicSystem Erotica The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>s whose intention is artistic and whose theme is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SexualBehavior" class="cyc_term">SexualBehavior</a>. This includes not only some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtObject" class="cyc_term">ArtObject</a>s, but also some literary works, films, and dances. What some consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Erotica" class="cyc_term">Erotica</a> others may consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PornographicMaterial" class="cyc_term">PornographicMaterial</a>. erotica Holdings A collection of groups of objects, tangible or intangible, which have some special financial, scientific, cultural, or educational value. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Holdings" class="cyc_term">Holdings</a> is a group of all the objects kept and usually maintained by some agent for their value, or to preserve the objects, or to make them available for public display or use (as in a museum's `holdings' or a library's `holdings'). The group-members (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/groupMembers" class="cyc_term">groupMembers</a>) in a group of holdings may or may not be all of a similar type (e.g., books, paintings). An agent's holdings may or may not all be kept in the same location. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/holding" class="cyc_term">holding</a> for additional details. holding Places where people go to buy possibly still-useful things that others have discarded as garbage. junkyard Junkyard ComputerProgramCopy A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>s which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/programCopies" class="cyc_term">programCopies</a> of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerProgram_CW" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. Examples: A bank of memory registers, a set of hard disk sectors, a stack of punch cards, a printout of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerCode" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode</a>, a satellite transmission. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerProgramCopy" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramCopy</a> might not have the exact same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerCode" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode</a> as other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/programCopies" class="cyc_term">programCopies</a> of the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerProgram_CW" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>, and it might not even have the exact same algorithms, but the functionality must be about the same. copy of a computer program Artifact-Generic A collection of things created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s. These creations may be either tangible (like a hammer, a bowl, or a bridge) or intangible (like a set of laws, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a>, or Beethoven's Ninth Symphony). Thus, the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Generic" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>s is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Intangible" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> (q.v.). generic artifact type of object The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properParts" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properParts" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genlInverse" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/physicalParts" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. ObjectType Artifact-Generic A collection of things created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s. These creations may be either tangible (like a hammer, a bowl, or a bridge) or intangible (like a set of laws, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a>, or Beethoven's Ninth Symphony). Thus, the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Generic" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>s is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Intangible" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> (q.v.). generic artifact Artifact-Generic A collection of things created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s. These creations may be either tangible (like a hammer, a bowl, or a bridge) or intangible (like a set of laws, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a>, or Beethoven's Ninth Symphony). Thus, the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Generic" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>s is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Intangible" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> (q.v.). generic artifact Artifact-Generic A collection of things created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s. These creations may be either tangible (like a hammer, a bowl, or a bridge) or intangible (like a set of laws, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a>, or Beethoven's Ninth Symphony). Thus, the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Generic" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>s is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Intangible" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> (q.v.). generic artifact The collection of all temporal things, including both activities and objects, that are either created or adopted by any culture that has them, and thus can distinguish one culture or set of cultures from another. CulturalThing cultural thing BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet Action Artifact-Generic PropositionalConceptualWork)) the union of { actions, generic artifacts, written or spoken works } Artifact-Generic A collection of things created by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s. These creations may be either tangible (like a hammer, a bowl, or a bridge) or intangible (like a set of laws, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a>, or Beethoven's Ninth Symphony). Thus, the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Generic" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a>s is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Intangible" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a> (q.v.). generic artifact TemporalStuffType type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String