]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Color color Mx4rr19QJHStEdaAAACgyZzFrg A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> such that each has the same main exterior color. Use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> to assert that a particular thing's main exterior color is some color. For instance, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> THING COLOR) states that THING is predominantly the color COLOR. See also: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/significantColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">significantColorOfObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/uniformColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a>. colors colours colour chromatic color ChromaticColor The collection of all colors which are 'colorful'. This includes colors such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RedColor" class="cyc_term">RedColor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BlueColor" class="cyc_term">BlueColor</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VividOrange_Color" class="cyc_term">VividOrange_Color</a>, and excludes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PureBlackColor" class="cyc_term">PureBlackColor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PureWhiteColor" class="cyc_term">PureWhiteColor</a>, and any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PureGrayColor" class="cyc_term">PureGrayColor</a>. More precisely, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChromaticColor" class="cyc_term">ChromaticColor</a> has a location or extension in the dimension of hue. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AchromaticColor" class="cyc_term">AchromaticColor</a>. A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a>. Each instance of this collection is a collection of human beings with a certain skin color (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FleshBrownColor" class="cyc_term">FleshBrownColor</a>). This collection strictly facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HomoSapiens" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> into subcollections. To state that a certain human body part has a certain color use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a>. To state that a whole human person has a particular skin color use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/skinColor" class="cyc_term">skinColor</a>. HumanTypeBySkinColor skin color AchromaticColor achromatic color bright color BrightColor The collection of all bright, highly saturated colors. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrightColor" class="cyc_term">BrightColor</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ColorTypeByBrightness" class="cyc_term">ColorTypeByBrightness</a>. hair color HumanHairColor The collection of the colors in which human (head) hair commonly, naturally occurs. DarkColor dark color The collection of human eye (iris) colors. HumanEyeColor eye color MetallicColor metallic color light color LightColor BrindleColor brindle color A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ColorPerceptionCategoryType" class="cyc_term">ColorPerceptionCategoryType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> that is a category of color perception. This collection includes all the specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a>, as well as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ColorlessThing" class="cyc_term">ColorlessThing</a>. In addition, this collection includes ranges of colors (See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/colorPerceptionCategoryRangeOfType" class="cyc_term">colorPerceptionCategoryRangeOfType</a>). ColorPerceptionCategoryType color perception category clarifying collection type A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Collection" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. Instances are collections that are usefully invoked for purposes of resolving ambiguity and confusion that arise from the use of non-perspicuous languages. Suppose a human or other intelligent agent uses a language, such as a natural language, that is rife with ambiguity, and uses a word WORD of that language whose intended reference is unclear: in the context WORD might refer to THING1 or to THING2, but not both. One strategy for resolving this ambiguity is to find properties of THING1 and THING2, say P1 and P2, that distinguish them from one another, and ask the speaker whether by "WORD," s/he intended to refer to something with P1, or to something with P2. For example, the speaker might use the word "bank," and in response one might ask whether a financial institution or a piece of shoreline was meant. Clearly, what values of P1 and P2 are chosen cannot be arbitrary; asking whether the speaker meant to refer to a multi-individual agent versus a non-agentive place is not as effective as asking the speaker to choose between the "financial institution" and "shoreline" interpretations described above. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> just are those collections -- such as the collection of financial institutions -- that might plausibly be invoked to resolve cases of ambiguity of the kind described here. In particular, suppose TYPE1 is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> and TYPE2 is not, and THING is an instance of both TYPE1 and TYPE2. The fact that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> TYPE1 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a>) is a reason to prefer TYPE1 over TYPE2 when calculating possible clarifying properties for THING. ClarifyingCollectionType Color color A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> such that each has the same main exterior color. Use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> to assert that a particular thing's main exterior color is some color. For instance, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> THING COLOR) states that THING is predominantly the color COLOR. See also: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/significantColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">significantColorOfObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/uniformColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ThirdOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SecondOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SecondOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. Color color A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> such that each has the same main exterior color. Use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> to assert that a particular thing's main exterior color is some color. For instance, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> THING COLOR) states that THING is predominantly the color COLOR. See also: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/significantColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">significantColorOfObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/uniformColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a>. type of object The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properParts" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properParts" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genlInverse" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/physicalParts" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. ObjectType A collection of collections. Each instance <code>COL</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (ANECT) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code>COL</code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/disjointWith" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code>INST</code> of <code>COL</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code> essentially (i.e. <code>INST</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code>COL</code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code>COL</code>. Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Collection" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Integer" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Relation" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UniqueAnatomicalPartType" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Heart" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CollectionUnionFn" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TheSet" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PrimeNumber" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers)) This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not necessarily true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UniversalVocabularyMt" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential Color color A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> such that each has the same main exterior color. Use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> to assert that a particular thing's main exterior color is some color. For instance, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> THING COLOR) states that THING is predominantly the color COLOR. See also: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/significantColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">significantColorOfObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/uniformColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a>. VisibleFeatureType visible feature Color color A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> such that each has the same main exterior color. Use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> to assert that a particular thing's main exterior color is some color. For instance, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> THING COLOR) states that THING is predominantly the color COLOR. See also: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/significantColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">significantColorOfObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/uniformColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a>. SiblingDisjointCollectionType A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KBDependentCollection" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a> of collections of collections (and thus an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CollectionTypeType" class="cyc_term">CollectionTypeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CollectionType" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>). A sibling-disjoint collection type is such that its known (i.e. KB-represented) instances are collections that -- save for any that are related to each other by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> and any that are explicitly asserted to be exceptions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/siblingDisjointExceptions" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a>) -- are disjoint from each other. More precisely, each instance <code>SIB</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SiblingDisjointCollectionType" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> is a collection of collections that has the following KB-dependent property: For any two known instances <code>COL1</code> and <code>COL2</code> of <code>SIB</code>, at least one of the following is known to hold: <pre> (a) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> COL1 COL2) (b) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> COL2 COL1) (c) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/siblingDisjointExceptions" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> COL1 COL2) (d) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/disjointWith" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> COL1 COL2) </pre> Moreover, note that if <code>MT</code> is a context (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Microtheory" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>) in which (i) both <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> COL1 SIB)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> COL2 SIB)</code> hold and (ii) neither <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> COL1 COL2)</code> nor <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> COL2 COL1)</code> nor <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/siblingDisjointExceptions" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> COL1 COL2)</code> is known to hold (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/knownSentence" class="cyc_term">knownSentence</a>), then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/disjointWith" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> COL1 COL2)</code> holds by default in <code>MT</code>. For example, in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologyMt" class="cyc_term">BiologyMt</a> both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> are instances of the sibling-disjoint collection type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalSpecies" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>, while neither (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>) nor (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>) nor (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/siblingDisjointExceptions" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>) is known to hold in that context; consequently, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/disjointWith" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>) holds by default in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologyMt" class="cyc_term">BiologyMt</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SiblingDisjointCollectionType" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalTaxon" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> (and its specializations), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OrganismPartType" class="cyc_term">OrganismPartType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RelationshipTypeByArity" class="cyc_term">RelationshipTypeByArity</a>. See the generalization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SiblingDisjointSetOrCollectionType" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointSetOrCollectionType</a>. Also cf. the stronger notion of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DisjointCollectionType" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a>. sibling disjoint collection type prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String