]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Communicating communication Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and characterized by one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> sub-events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions -- and winning -- of the game are focal). Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> event must be intentional on the part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicatorOfInfo" class="cyc_term">communicatorOfInfo</a>; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/infoCommunicatedTo" class="cyc_term">infoCommunicatedTo</a> role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Eavesdropping" class="cyc_term">Eavesdropping</a>. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultiDirectionalCommunication" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>). Every event belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudioCommunicating" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating" class="cyc_term">FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating</a>); by the type of information involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Teaching" class="cyc_term">Teaching</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Negotiating" class="cyc_term">Negotiating</a>); by the agents involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntraOrganizationCommunication" class="cyc_term">IntraOrganizationCommunication</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StageProduction" class="cyc_term">StageProduction</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket -- all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication communicating communicates communicated will communicate will have communicated has communicated have communicated communicate had communicated Acting Being someone you aren't. Taking on a character role. Someday this may be partially related to lying. What actors do during plays. What comedians might do as part of a joke. Something children do for fun. acting AudioCommunicating audio-communicating event A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudioCommunicating" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a> is a transmission of sound-borne information between two (or more) agents. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudioCommunicating" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpokenCommunicating" class="cyc_term">SpokenCommunicating</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">MusicalCommunicating</a>. A collection of information transfer events; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a> is a transmission of information that is not in the form of language. Thus spoken, written, and sign-language communications are excluded. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ShakingHands" class="cyc_term">ShakingHands</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cuddling" class="cyc_term">Cuddling</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAGesture" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> is not a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, since instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAGesture" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> are merely information-encodings, upon which communication (even verbal communication, in the case sign-language) might or might not occur). non-verbal communication NonVerbalCommunicating MassCommunicating mass communication Communication actions in which a great many agents are the targets of the communication. This is not necessarily limited to communications which use broadcast media such as television or radio -- it also includes mass communications accomplished by print media, by telephoning lots of people, by individually telling many people the same message, or by using a combination of media. Examples: an ad campaign, a ``get out the vote'' effort, or a smear campaign. Interrogation The collection of interrogation events in which some prisoner or detainee is asked for information. Often, psychological methods are employed to make the subject more willing to talk. Interrogations are often performed by persons with some position of authority over the subject. interrogation CommunicationAct-Single A collection of information transfer events; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> is a single-source transmission of information from one sender (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/senderOfInfo" class="cyc_term">senderOfInfo</a>) to one or more recipients (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/recipientOfInfo" class="cyc_term">recipientOfInfo</a>). Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> has a transmission sub-event (which is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>) and one or more reception sub-events (which are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AccessingAnIBT" class="cyc_term">AccessingAnIBT</a>). An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> starts when its transmission sub-event starts and ends when its accessing sub-event(s) end. single communication act FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating communitions among those in each other's presence (e.g., in the same room; doesn't include TV, video phones, movies, ...). face to face presence communicating text communication A collection of information-transfer events; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextCommunication" class="cyc_term">TextCommunication</a> is a transmission of information that is primarily via written text. Thus this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/disjointWith" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpokenCommunicating" class="cyc_term">SpokenCommunicating</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextCommunication" class="cyc_term">TextCommunication</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EMailCommunication" class="cyc_term">EMailCommunication</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextMessagingViaCellPhone" class="cyc_term">TextMessagingViaCellPhone</a>. Text communication also encompasses skywriting, passing notes in class, letter-writing, and sending Morse-encoded messages by telegraph. TextCommunication MultiDirectionalCommunication A collection of complex information transfer events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultiDirectionalCommunication" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a> is an event in which more than one agent plays the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicatorOfInfo" class="cyc_term">communicatorOfInfo</a> role. For example, a conversation or a debate, as opposed to a speech or lecture. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/infoContributed" class="cyc_term">infoContributed</a> is used to correlate each sending agent with the information s/he transmits in such an event. For communication acts having only one sender, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>. dialogue marketing communicativeness The collection of communication events where the purpose of the communication is to promote some sales activity. MarketingCommunication allusion The collection of all allusions. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Allusion CodeSwitching A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. code switching gossiping The specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> whose instances consist of the use of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Rumor_IBT" class="cyc_term">Rumor_IBT</a> to transmit the information contained in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Rumor_CW" class="cyc_term">Rumor_CW</a>. RumorPropagation CommunicatingUsingADevice A subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> in which some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationDevice" class="cyc_term">CommunicationDevice</a> is used deliberately by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/senderOfInfo" class="cyc_term">senderOfInfo</a> in the communication. Examples include (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UsingAFn" class="cyc_term">UsingAFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Telephone" class="cyc_term">Telephone</a>), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InternetCommunication" class="cyc_term">InternetCommunication</a>, two-way radio communication, using a microphone on a stage, etc. communicating using a device The collection of all events of flirtation, where the agent behaves so as to invite romantic or sexual interest in another. Examples include non-verbal communication such as smiling and batting one's eyelashes, as well as other forms of communication. Flirting flirting Rhetoric The collection of all rhetoric. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. rhetoric encouragement Encouraging A communication that occurs as partof the operation of a business. Only one actor need be participating in a business capacity. business communication BusinessCommunication information dissemination An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationDissemination" class="cyc_term">InformationDissemination</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> in which information is disseminated to a group of agents by means of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>. InformationDissemination CommunicatingWithTheMedia communicating with the media The subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LegalConflict" class="cyc_term">LegalConflict</a> events whose instances are heard and decided by a court and are officiated by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Judge" class="cyc_term">Judge</a>. Trial trial misunderstanding Misunderstanding Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EmergencyCall_Script" class="cyc_term">EmergencyCall_Script</a> is a complex script in which a report of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Emergency" class="cyc_term">Emergency</a> is made to an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EmergencyDispatchService" class="cyc_term">EmergencyDispatchService</a>, and the appropriate emergency response team goes to the location of the emergency to assess the situation and provide aid. EmergencyCall-Script emergency call the concept corresponding to NON-ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS in SENSUS-Information1997 (MeaningInSystemFn SENSUS-Information1997 "NON-ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS") authorization A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CooperationEvent" class="cyc_term">CooperationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a> is an event in which two or more agents specify the terms of an agreement (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agreement" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>) to which they will be agreeing parties (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/agreeingAgents" class="cyc_term">agreeingAgents</a>), and subsequently enter into that agreement. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EngagementEventPart_BecomingEngaged" class="cyc_term">EngagementEventPart_BecomingEngaged</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EmployeeHiring" class="cyc_term">EmployeeHiring</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DeclaringCeaseFire" class="cyc_term">DeclaringCeaseFire</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAReservation" class="cyc_term">MakingAReservation</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BreakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">BreakingAnAgreement</a>. MakingAnAgreement Check-in check-ining Reminding reminding A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HelpingAnAgent" class="cyc_term">HelpingAnAgent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Reminding" class="cyc_term">Reminding</a> is an event in which an agent communicates something to another agent with the intention of helping that agent to avoid forgetting something. (MeaningInSystemFn SENSUS-Information1997 "ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS") the concept corresponding to ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS in SENSUS-Information1997 A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of this collection is an act of causing someone to believe or do something by intentional communication. Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PersuadingToAct" class="cyc_term">PersuadingToAct</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DissuadingFromAction" class="cyc_term">DissuadingFromAction</a>. convincing Convincing-CommunicationAct IntroducingSomething introduction A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SocialOccurrence" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Instances of this collection are events in which something is explicitly (but not necessarily formally) introduced to some agent or groump of agents. In an event of this sort, it is presumed (perhaps incorrectly) that the introduced object is not otherwise familiar to those with whom it is introduced (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/acquaintedWith" class="cyc_term">acquaintedWith</a>). A notable specializaton of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntroducingSomeone" class="cyc_term">IntroducingSomeone</a>. One agent imparting learned knowledge to another. This may have <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subEvents" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of the student asking or responding to questions, but the teacher is the primary performer. Teaching teaching ConveningAMeeting calling a meeting The collection of events in which one sender of info issues a notification, invitation, or command to one or more recipients that results in these recipients or their representatives coming together in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Meeting_SocialGathering" class="cyc_term">Meeting_SocialGathering</a>. The communication that occurs between the different departments of an organization . intra organization communication IntraOrganizationCommunication The act of cancelling a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StandingOrderInstruction" class="cyc_term">StandingOrderInstruction</a>, as undertaken by a citizen of the UK. canceling a standing order CancellingAStandingOrder CounterInterrogationAct counter interrogation act The collection of acts performed by the subjects of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Interrogation" class="cyc_term">Interrogation</a>s when they use various methods to try and give false information to the interrogator. The collection of all mockery. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. mockery Mockery The collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanActivity" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> such that persons typically are involved in (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/actors" class="cyc_term">actors</a>) at least one instance of the activity type in their lifetime. typical human activity type at least once TypicalHumanActivityType-AtLeastOnce Communicating communication A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and characterized by one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> sub-events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions -- and winning -- of the game are focal). Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> event must be intentional on the part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicatorOfInfo" class="cyc_term">communicatorOfInfo</a>; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/infoCommunicatedTo" class="cyc_term">infoCommunicatedTo</a> role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Eavesdropping" class="cyc_term">Eavesdropping</a>. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultiDirectionalCommunication" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>). Every event belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudioCommunicating" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating" class="cyc_term">FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating</a>); by the type of information involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Teaching" class="cyc_term">Teaching</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Negotiating" class="cyc_term">Negotiating</a>); by the agents involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntraOrganizationCommunication" class="cyc_term">IntraOrganizationCommunication</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StageProduction" class="cyc_term">StageProduction</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket -- all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. Communicating communication A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and characterized by one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> sub-events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions -- and winning -- of the game are focal). Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> event must be intentional on the part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicatorOfInfo" class="cyc_term">communicatorOfInfo</a>; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/infoCommunicatedTo" class="cyc_term">infoCommunicatedTo</a> role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Eavesdropping" class="cyc_term">Eavesdropping</a>. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultiDirectionalCommunication" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>). Every event belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudioCommunicating" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating" class="cyc_term">FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating</a>); by the type of information involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Teaching" class="cyc_term">Teaching</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Negotiating" class="cyc_term">Negotiating</a>); by the agents involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntraOrganizationCommunication" class="cyc_term">IntraOrganizationCommunication</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StageProduction" class="cyc_term">StageProduction</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket -- all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. the event or role domain A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptTypeByDomain" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a> (q.v.). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EventOrRoleConcept" class="cyc_term">EventOrRoleConcept</a> are collections and relations having to do with general kinds of events and the roles that things can play in them. Major specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a>, and other relations used for stating significant facts about events (such as time, place, causes, and effects) are instances of this collection. EventOrRoleConcept information and CWs topic InformationAndCWs-Topic PurposefulPhysicalAction purposeful composite physical and mental activity The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>s that are performed purposively (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/performedBy" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>). This collection is the collection-intersection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>. Since each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulPhysicalAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> is also an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>, each instance has both a mental and a physical component. Driving a car would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulPhysicalAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> since it involves mental and physical functioning on the part of the performing agent and is done purposively. Crashing a car, conversely, would not normally be an instance (unless the driver purposefully caused the crash). SocialOccurrence A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SocialOccurrence" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> is an action in which two or more agents take part. In many cases, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SocialOccurrence" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>s involve communication among the participating agents. Some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SocialOccurrence" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> have very elaborate role structures (e.g. a typical lawsuit), while others have fairly simple role structures (e.g. greeting a colleague at work). social event Communicating communication A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and characterized by one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> sub-events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions -- and winning -- of the game are focal). Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> event must be intentional on the part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicatorOfInfo" class="cyc_term">communicatorOfInfo</a>; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/infoCommunicatedTo" class="cyc_term">infoCommunicatedTo</a> role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Eavesdropping" class="cyc_term">Eavesdropping</a>. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultiDirectionalCommunication" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>). Every event belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudioCommunicating" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating" class="cyc_term">FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating</a>); by the type of information involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Teaching" class="cyc_term">Teaching</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Negotiating" class="cyc_term">Negotiating</a>); by the agents involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntraOrganizationCommunication" class="cyc_term">IntraOrganizationCommunication</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StageProduction" class="cyc_term">StageProduction</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket -- all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. Communicating communication A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and characterized by one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> sub-events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions -- and winning -- of the game are focal). Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> event must be intentional on the part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicatorOfInfo" class="cyc_term">communicatorOfInfo</a>; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/infoCommunicatedTo" class="cyc_term">infoCommunicatedTo</a> role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Eavesdropping" class="cyc_term">Eavesdropping</a>. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultiDirectionalCommunication" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>). Every event belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudioCommunicating" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating" class="cyc_term">FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating</a>); by the type of information involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Teaching" class="cyc_term">Teaching</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Negotiating" class="cyc_term">Negotiating</a>); by the agents involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntraOrganizationCommunication" class="cyc_term">IntraOrganizationCommunication</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StageProduction" class="cyc_term">StageProduction</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket -- all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. PersuadingToAct A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Convincing_CommunicationAct" class="cyc_term">Convincing_CommunicationAct</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InfluencingAnAgent" class="cyc_term">InfluencingAnAgent</a>. Each instance of this collection is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> in which the performer successfully induces the recipient to perform (or not perform) an action. This does not cover cases where situations, rather than agents, persuade: e.g., "Polling results persuaded the candidate to withdraw." Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RecruitingActivity" class="cyc_term">RecruitingActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CoercingAnAgent" class="cyc_term">CoercingAnAgent</a>. persuading Communicating communication A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and characterized by one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> sub-events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions -- and winning -- of the game are focal). Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> event must be intentional on the part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicatorOfInfo" class="cyc_term">communicatorOfInfo</a>; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/infoCommunicatedTo" class="cyc_term">infoCommunicatedTo</a> role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Eavesdropping" class="cyc_term">Eavesdropping</a>. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultiDirectionalCommunication" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>). Every event belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudioCommunicating" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating" class="cyc_term">FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating</a>); by the type of information involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Teaching" class="cyc_term">Teaching</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Negotiating" class="cyc_term">Negotiating</a>); by the agents involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntraOrganizationCommunication" class="cyc_term">IntraOrganizationCommunication</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StageProduction" class="cyc_term">StageProduction</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket -- all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/wikipediaArticleURL" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in #$Wikipedia-WebSite THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL wikipediaArticleURL A collection of sub-collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. The instances of this collection act as suggestions when using the script editor to add a sub-situation type to a type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. FocalTermSceneCandidate-Intermediate intermediate focal term scene candidate for the Cyc Script Editor meeting A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SocialGathering" class="cyc_term">SocialGathering</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Meeting_SocialGathering" class="cyc_term">Meeting_SocialGathering</a> is an event in which people (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/meetingParticipants" class="cyc_term">meetingParticipants</a>) gather intentionally for some common purpose: for example, to communicate with each other, share some experience, or transact some business. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Meeting_SocialGathering" class="cyc_term">Meeting_SocialGathering</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaffMeeting" class="cyc_term">StaffMeeting</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClassMeeting" class="cyc_term">ClassMeeting</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BusinessMeeting" class="cyc_term">BusinessMeeting</a>. Meeting-SocialGathering BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm Communicating communication A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and characterized by one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> sub-events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions -- and winning -- of the game are focal). Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> event must be intentional on the part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicatorOfInfo" class="cyc_term">communicatorOfInfo</a>; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/infoCommunicatedTo" class="cyc_term">infoCommunicatedTo</a> role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Eavesdropping" class="cyc_term">Eavesdropping</a>. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultiDirectionalCommunication" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>). Every event belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudioCommunicating" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating" class="cyc_term">FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating</a>); by the type of information involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Teaching" class="cyc_term">Teaching</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Negotiating" class="cyc_term">Negotiating</a>); by the agents involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntraOrganizationCommunication" class="cyc_term">IntraOrganizationCommunication</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StageProduction" class="cyc_term">StageProduction</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket -- all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. Communicating communication A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and characterized by one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> sub-events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions -- and winning -- of the game are focal). Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> event must be intentional on the part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicatorOfInfo" class="cyc_term">communicatorOfInfo</a>; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/infoCommunicatedTo" class="cyc_term">infoCommunicatedTo</a> role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Eavesdropping" class="cyc_term">Eavesdropping</a>. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultiDirectionalCommunication" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>). Every event belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudioCommunicating" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating" class="cyc_term">FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating</a>); by the type of information involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Teaching" class="cyc_term">Teaching</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Negotiating" class="cyc_term">Negotiating</a>); by the agents involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntraOrganizationCommunication" class="cyc_term">IntraOrganizationCommunication</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StageProduction" class="cyc_term">StageProduction</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket -- all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. (MeaningInSystemFn SENSUS-Information1997 "INTERPERSONAL-THING") the concept corresponding to INTERPERSONAL-THING in SENSUS-Information1997 TemporalStuffType type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String