]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Mx4rvViNJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent event with both physical and mental components A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a> is an event that involves some mental event(s), as well as some interaction between physical objects. Each instance will thus have at least one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a> as a sub-event. (It may or may not itself be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>, depending on whether it occurs at a specific spatial location.) Examples include a news broadcast program, a court trial, someone inheriting property, someone writing a letter, a physical examination, and a charity ball. Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulPhysicalAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SensoryEvent" class="cyc_term">SensoryEvent</a>. composite physical and mental events composite physical and mental event events with both physical and mental components SuperhumanAct superhuman act Actions which, when performed by humans, exhibit a form of 'divine efficacy', or seem to be those of a superhuman entity of extraordinary physical or mental prowess. The actions of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Superman" class="cyc_term">Superman</a>, or the miracles of those in the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Saint" class="cyc_term">Saint</a>, or the actions of other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DivineBeing" class="cyc_term">DivineBeing</a> which are clearly beyond the ability of human beings, constitute a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SuperhumanAct" class="cyc_term">SuperhumanAct</a>. So, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Flying" class="cyc_term">Flying</a> when performed by a human unaided by a flying machine can be considered a superhuman act. PurposefulPhysicalAction purposeful composite physical and mental activity The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>s that are performed purposively (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/performedBy" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>). This collection is the collection-intersection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>. Since each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulPhysicalAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> is also an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>, each instance has both a mental and a physical component. Driving a car would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulPhysicalAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> since it involves mental and physical functioning on the part of the performing agent and is done purposively. Crashing a car, conversely, would not normally be an instance (unless the driver purposefully caused the crash). SocialOccurrence A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SocialOccurrence" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> is an action in which two or more agents take part. In many cases, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SocialOccurrence" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>s involve communication among the participating agents. Some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SocialOccurrence" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> have very elaborate role structures (e.g. a typical lawsuit), while others have fairly simple role structures (e.g. greeting a colleague at work). social event at least partially mental animal activity This is the collection of events which have at least one mental sub-event <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Animal" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>, as opposed to a computer, disembodied mind, or non-animal organism--such as the intelligent plants or alien creatures which populate science fiction. PartiallyMentalAnimalActivity sports infraction An infraction of some sports rules, such as stepping out of bounds or interfering with your opponent. Please note that these collections are not specs of this collection, since a particular act of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SteppingOutOfBounds" class="cyc_term">SteppingOutOfBounds</a> may or may not be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SportsInfraction" class="cyc_term">SportsInfraction</a>. SportsInfraction obstructing a team member ObstructingATeamMember Getting in the way of a fellow teammember. Actions which are immoral and wrong with respect to a particular moral code of conduct. The moral analog of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CriminalAct" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a> (see #$HowToDescribeCrimes). ImmoralAct immoral act losing control of a controlled actor LosingControlOfAControlledActor A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntelligentAgent" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> loses control of something it had been previously controlling (this may be its own body). A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransferOfControl" class="cyc_term">TransferOfControl</a>. SensoryEvent A collection of events. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SensoryEvent" class="cyc_term">SensoryEvent</a> is an event which elicits a direct sensory response from either its performer or its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectActedOn" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a>, when those predicates link the event to an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PerceptualAgent" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a>. Examples include the elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VoluntaryBodyMovement" class="cyc_term">VoluntaryBodyMovement</a> (such as leg and arm movements), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalContactEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalContactEvent</a> (such as touches), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumidityPerception" class="cyc_term">HumidityPerception</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemperatureChangingProcess" class="cyc_term">TemperatureChangingProcess</a>, etc., when there is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PerceptualAgent" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a> linked to those events in the appropriate way. sensory event CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent event with both physical and mental components A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a> is an event that involves some mental event(s), as well as some interaction between physical objects. Each instance will thus have at least one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a> as a sub-event. (It may or may not itself be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>, depending on whether it occurs at a specific spatial location.) Examples include a news broadcast program, a court trial, someone inheriting property, someone writing a letter, a physical examination, and a charity ball. Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulPhysicalAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SensoryEvent" class="cyc_term">SensoryEvent</a>. CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent event with both physical and mental components A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a> is an event that involves some mental event(s), as well as some interaction between physical objects. Each instance will thus have at least one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a> as a sub-event. (It may or may not itself be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>, depending on whether it occurs at a specific spatial location.) Examples include a news broadcast program, a court trial, someone inheriting property, someone writing a letter, a physical examination, and a charity ball. Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulPhysicalAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SensoryEvent" class="cyc_term">SensoryEvent</a>. AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent A collection of events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a> is an event involving the mental functions of a participant or group of participants (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/actors" class="cyc_term">actors</a>) in that event. The collection includes such things as dreaming, perceiving, sensing, theorizing about something, having a realization, making a decision, building something, designing something, and consciously carrying out a task. Note that the above list includes both purposeful events and non-purposeful events that involve mental functions. Note also that any event that has a mental component is also an instance of this collection, so that events like preparing lunch would be classified as instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. In entering knowledge, it is almost always possible and preferable to use one of the specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. If an event seems mostly mental in nature, modulo neurons firing and related brain activity, use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StrictlyMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">StrictlyMentalEvent</a> or one of its specializations. If it essentially involves both mental and physical activity, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulPhysicalAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a>. For mental events that are intentionally and purposefully performed, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulMentalActivity" class="cyc_term">PurposefulMentalActivity</a>. partially mental event top-topic Top-Topic CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent event with both physical and mental components A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a> is an event that involves some mental event(s), as well as some interaction between physical objects. Each instance will thus have at least one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a> as a sub-event. (It may or may not itself be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>, depending on whether it occurs at a specific spatial location.) Examples include a news broadcast program, a court trial, someone inheriting property, someone writing a letter, a physical examination, and a charity ball. Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulPhysicalAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SensoryEvent" class="cyc_term">SensoryEvent</a>. BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm TemporalStuffType type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String