]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. configuration of a complex object The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s in which some complex object, i.e. one with distinguishable parts, is configured in some static manner. It is in virtue of these distinguishable parts that this collection is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> since a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> must involve two or more objects. (When all of the configured objects in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> are part of some larger object then the configuration might be deemed to be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConfigurationOfComplexObject" class="cyc_term">ConfigurationOfComplexObject</a>.) Note that a configuration is an instance only if a single object is the thing configured in the configuration. Hence, the configuration of eleven different chairs in the room would not likely be an instance, but a configuration of a network of telephone poles insofar as the network is an object, having the telephone poles as parts, might be. Mx4rv6BkqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ConfigurationOfComplexObject http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_organizing organizes had organised has organized will have organized configuration of complex object configuration of complex objects organising will organise has organised configurations of some complex object configurations of complex object will organize organise have organized will have organised organised configuration of some complex object organization organizations have organised organize configurations of a complex object organizing organises had organized organized organisation organisations Choreography The collection of all choreographies. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConfigurationOfComplexObject" class="cyc_term">ConfigurationOfComplexObject</a>. choreography AutocatalyticProcess The collection of all self-organizing processes consisting in multiple and often-interlinked thermodynamic work cycles whereby a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FunctionalSystem" class="cyc_term">FunctionalSystem</a> is maintained over time within its own operational parameters. Examples include the metabolism of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Organism_Whole" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>, the economy of a nation-state (considered as a myriad of preferential buying-selling interactions), or the skein of interlinked biochemical processes realizing an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Ecosystem" class="cyc_term">Ecosystem</a>. autocatalysis ChemicalBond chemical bond The collection of configurations in which two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChemicalObject" class="cyc_term">ChemicalObject</a>s are held together by a chemical bond. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChemicalBond" class="cyc_term">ChemicalBond</a> relates three objects: two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Atom" class="cyc_term">Atom</a>s and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Molecule" class="cyc_term">Molecule</a> in which the two atoms are bound together. The bond can be considered to bind together two molecular components (atoms, radicals, etc.) within some larger molecular component, as well as merely two atoms within a molecule. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChemicalBond" class="cyc_term">ChemicalBond</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CovalentBond" class="cyc_term">CovalentBond</a> (for cases in which electrons are shared), ionic bond, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HydrogenBond" class="cyc_term">HydrogenBond</a> (qqv). Variations on the type and the structure of the mediator of a bond are the main motivation for the specialization of this collection. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectConfiguredInChemicalBond" class="cyc_term">objectConfiguredInChemicalBond</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mediatorConfigured_ChemBond" class="cyc_term">mediatorConfigured_ChemBond</a>. configuration of a complex object The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s in which some complex object, i.e. one with distinguishable parts, is configured in some static manner. It is in virtue of these distinguishable parts that this collection is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> since a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> must involve two or more objects. (When all of the configured objects in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> are part of some larger object then the configuration might be deemed to be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConfigurationOfComplexObject" class="cyc_term">ConfigurationOfComplexObject</a>.) Note that a configuration is an instance only if a single object is the thing configured in the configuration. Hence, the configuration of eleven different chairs in the room would not likely be an instance, but a configuration of a network of telephone poles insofar as the network is an object, having the telephone poles as parts, might be. ConfigurationOfComplexObject Configuration A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> is a static situation consisting of two or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things of certain types standing in a certain type of spatial relationship (or set of relationships). This (set of) spatial relationship(s) "characterizes" the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a>'s type in the sense that any group of objects of the appropriate types standing in that relationship (or those relationships) correspond to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> of that type; and each of these objects, in turn, is said to be "configured" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/configuredObjects" class="cyc_term">configuredObjects</a>) in the (individual) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a>. For example, a knot configuration might correspond to a particular intertwining of end-segments of two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CordlikeObject" class="cyc_term">CordlikeObject</a>s, or to the intertwining of several segments of a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CordlikeObject" class="cyc_term">CordlikeObject</a>. For configurations like the latter, whose characterizing relationship(s) hold between different parts of a single salient object, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConfigurationOfComplexObject" class="cyc_term">ConfigurationOfComplexObject</a>. Note that a static situation involving an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> might be a configuration, but only so long as it's just the agent's spatial relationship(s) to other partially tangibles that matters (see e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WearingSomething" class="cyc_term">WearingSomething</a>); static situations in which an agent's agency or sentience is crucial, on the other hand, are not configurations (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InterAgentSituation" class="cyc_term">InterAgentSituation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InterAgentSituation_TwoAgent" class="cyc_term">InterAgentSituation_TwoAgent</a>). configuration configuration of a complex object The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s in which some complex object, i.e. one with distinguishable parts, is configured in some static manner. It is in virtue of these distinguishable parts that this collection is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> since a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> must involve two or more objects. (When all of the configured objects in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> are part of some larger object then the configuration might be deemed to be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConfigurationOfComplexObject" class="cyc_term">ConfigurationOfComplexObject</a>.) Note that a configuration is an instance only if a single object is the thing configured in the configuration. Hence, the configuration of eleven different chairs in the room would not likely be an instance, but a configuration of a network of telephone poles insofar as the network is an object, having the telephone poles as parts, might be. ConfigurationOfComplexObject configuration of a complex object The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s in which some complex object, i.e. one with distinguishable parts, is configured in some static manner. It is in virtue of these distinguishable parts that this collection is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> since a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> must involve two or more objects. (When all of the configured objects in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> are part of some larger object then the configuration might be deemed to be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConfigurationOfComplexObject" class="cyc_term">ConfigurationOfComplexObject</a>.) Note that a configuration is an instance only if a single object is the thing configured in the configuration. Hence, the configuration of eleven different chairs in the room would not likely be an instance, but a configuration of a network of telephone poles insofar as the network is an object, having the telephone poles as parts, might be. ConfigurationOfComplexObject (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/wikipediaArticleURL" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in #$Wikipedia-WebSite THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL wikipediaArticleURL configuration of a complex object The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s in which some complex object, i.e. one with distinguishable parts, is configured in some static manner. It is in virtue of these distinguishable parts that this collection is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> since a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> must involve two or more objects. (When all of the configured objects in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> are part of some larger object then the configuration might be deemed to be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConfigurationOfComplexObject" class="cyc_term">ConfigurationOfComplexObject</a>.) Note that a configuration is an instance only if a single object is the thing configured in the configuration. Hence, the configuration of eleven different chairs in the room would not likely be an instance, but a configuration of a network of telephone poles insofar as the network is an object, having the telephone poles as parts, might be. ConfigurationOfComplexObject TemporalStuffType type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. configuration of a complex object The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s in which some complex object, i.e. one with distinguishable parts, is configured in some static manner. It is in virtue of these distinguishable parts that this collection is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> since a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> must involve two or more objects. (When all of the configured objects in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> are part of some larger object then the configuration might be deemed to be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConfigurationOfComplexObject" class="cyc_term">ConfigurationOfComplexObject</a>.) Note that a configuration is an instance only if a single object is the thing configured in the configuration. Hence, the configuration of eleven different chairs in the room would not likely be an instance, but a configuration of a network of telephone poles insofar as the network is an object, having the telephone poles as parts, might be. ConfigurationOfComplexObject prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String