]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> is a particular area of study, with its own distinctive set of theories, hypotheses, and problems. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> (q.v.), although one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> may cover several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtHistory" class="cyc_term">ArtHistory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Physics" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtificialIntelligence" class="cyc_term">ArtificialIntelligence</a>. field of study FieldOfStudy Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA area field subjects studies specialty disciplines specialties subject areas subject area study fields areas fields of study subject discipline http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_academic_disciplines A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ScientificFieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">ScientificFieldOfStudy</a> is a specialized body of knowledge, theory, hypotheses, observations, and problems, which together constitute the informational content of a systematic endeavor to explain (some part of) the natural world by rational (and frequently, quantifiable) methods, including, but not limited to, induction, falsifiable hypotheses tested by repeatable physical experiments, and deductive proof. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ScientificFieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">ScientificFieldOfStudy</a> include the traditional hard sciences (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Physics" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Chemistry" class="cyc_term">Chemistry</a>), the life sciences (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Biology" class="cyc_term">Biology</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Genetics" class="cyc_term">Genetics</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Toxicology" class="cyc_term">Toxicology</a>), and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Mathematics" class="cyc_term">Mathematics</a>. scientific discipline ScientificFieldOfStudy FocusedTechnologyField focused technology field A collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FocusedTechnologyField" class="cyc_term">FocusedTechnologyField</a> is a focused area of technology, understood here as applied science. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerAidedDesign" class="cyc_term">ComputerAidedDesign</a> and DigitalImaging. Broader fields of study such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EngineeringField" class="cyc_term">EngineeringField</a> should not be included in this collection. LiberalArtsFieldOfStudy liberal arts field A collection of microtheories; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LiberalArtsFieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">LiberalArtsFieldOfStudy</a> is one of those fields of study affiliated with the liberal arts, which includes fields expected to be known to some degree by all educated people, but excluding most specialized knowledge taught in professional schools. Examples: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/History_FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">History_FieldOfStudy</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtHistory" class="cyc_term">ArtHistory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhilosophyModern" class="cyc_term">PhilosophyModern</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Mathematics" class="cyc_term">Mathematics</a>. A collection of fields of study. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AppliedDesignFieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">AppliedDesignFieldOfStudy</a> is a specialized body of knowledge about the design of useful objects or structures. Examples: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArchitecturalDesign" class="cyc_term">ArchitecturalDesign</a>, commercial art studies, industrial design. applied design AppliedDesignFieldOfStudy EthnicStudies ethnic studies These are fields of study rather similar to those in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AreaStudies" class="cyc_term">AreaStudies</a>, except that it is people grouped by ethnicity rather than by region that are studied. This is the collection of fields of study, now offered by most colleges and universities, which deal with the culture, politics, and history of a particular region of the world. Examples include Asian Studies, Latin American Studies, and so on. AreaStudies area studies epistemology The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Philosophy" class="cyc_term">Philosophy</a> concerned with the nature of knowledge. Epistemology agricultural engineering Agricultural engineering: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. AgriculturalEngineering standard logic StandardLogic demography of Earth (FieldAppliedToFn Demography PlanetEarth) monocot genetics Monocot genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics MonocotSubclass) Sociobiology is a study which attempts to apply biological theories, particularly evolutionary theory, to explain phenomena at the social level. Sociobiology sociobiology aeronautics Aeronautics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Aeronautics (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Obstetrician) obstetrics Obstetrics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy Evolution) History of evolutionary theory: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. history of evolutionary theory (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Chemist) chemistry Chemistry: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. insect genetics Insect genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Insect) Sports medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn SportsMedicineSpecialist) sports medicine artificial intelligence for education (FieldAppliedToFn ArtificialIntelligence Teaching) Perinatology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. perinatology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Perinatologist) MediaSemiotics media semiotics Media semiotics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Classics-FieldOfStudy Classics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. classics tree genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Tree-ThePlant) Tree genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. philosophy of physics (PhilosophyFn Physics) Milesian school The school of philosophy that flourished in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CityOfMiletus" class="cyc_term">CityOfMiletus</a> in the 6th century B.C. MilesianSchool addiction medicine (FocalFieldOfStudyFn AddictionMedicineSpecialist) Addiction medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. electrical engineering ElectricalEngineeringField The Field of Electrical Engineering, a subField of Engineering This is a study which includes various scientific fields of study in their application to the problem of how to increase human life expectancy and quality of life in old age. It also includes fields of study which are probably not appropriately characterized as scientific. Largely due to the latter, this is not simply a subfield of medicine. LifeExtension-FieldOfStudy life extension An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VocationalStudies" class="cyc_term">VocationalStudies</a> covers a broad range of areas of study for vocational degees: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Welding" class="cyc_term">Welding</a>, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VocationalDegreeForFn" class="cyc_term">VocationalDegreeForFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AircraftMechanic" class="cyc_term">AircraftMechanic</a>), and so forth. VocationalStudies vocational studies soil microbiology (FieldAppliedToFn Microbiology Ground) Soil microbiology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. parasite genetics Parasite genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics ParasiticOrganism) General preventative medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. general preventative medicine (FocalFieldOfStudyFn GeneralPreventativeMedicalDoctor) scatology The biologically oriented study of excrement. Scatology Semiotics semiotics Semiotics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Nursing: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Nursing-FieldOfStudy nursing Music history: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. music history (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy Music) (PhilosophyFn Science) philosophy of science Philosophy of science: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. logic Logic: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Logic historical linguistics Historical linguistics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. HistoricalLinguistics epistemic logic The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Logic" class="cyc_term">Logic</a> that is concerned with representing arguments involving statements about knowing and believing. EpistemicLogic (FieldAppliedToFn Psychology Color) Color psychology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. colour psychology Oncology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Oncology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Oncologist) Human genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. human genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Person) sheep genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Sheep) Sheep genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Dermatopathology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. dermatopathology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn DermatoPathologist) STIT logic STITLogic The logic of 'See To It That' or 'STIT', a subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Logic" class="cyc_term">Logic</a> that is concerned with representing arguments involving agency and the obligation and ability to cause (see to it that) some condition becomes true. Orthodontics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Orthodontist) orthodontics ethics Ethics-PhilosophySubField The branch of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Philosophy" class="cyc_term">Philosophy</a> that deals with the study of morals, obligations, and rules. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn SleepMedicineSpecialist) sleep medicine Sleep medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn ArtificialIntelligence (ResearchInFn Meteorology)) artificial intelligence for meteorology Ontology Field Of Study Ontology-FieldOfStudy sports action psychology (FieldAppliedToFn Psychology SportsAction) (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy EconomicSystem) Economic system history: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. economic system history (FieldConcerningFn NewtonianPhysicsMt) field concerning Newtonian physics (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Pathologist) pathology pharmacy Pharmacy-FieldOfStudy Pharmacy: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. political philosophy (FieldAppliedToFn Philosophy GeopoliticalEntityBySystemOfGovernment) (FocalFieldOfStudyFn ClinicalMolecularGeneticist) Clinical molecular genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. clinical molecular genetics Cognitive science: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. cognitive science CognitiveScience otology Otology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Otologist) Medical science: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. medical science Medicine-FieldOfStudy dialectology Dialectology The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Linguistics" class="cyc_term">Linguistics</a> that deals with dialects (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Internist) Internal medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. internal medicine Forensic medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. forensic medicine (FocalFieldOfStudyFn ForensicSpecialist) DNA forensic science DNA forensic science: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn ForensicScience DNAStuff) (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Anesthesiologist) Anesthesiology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. anesthesiology (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics EscherichiaColi) E. coli genetics Islamic studies (FieldConcerningFn Islam) Islamic studies: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Alchemy <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Alchemy" class="cyc_term">Alchemy</a> is a quasi-scientific practice originating in the Dark Ages whose objective was to understand the nature of matter. It is best known for its history of attempts to turn various substances into gold. For some, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Alchemy" class="cyc_term">Alchemy</a> may have amounted to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BeliefSystem" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a>. alchemy The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Philosophy" class="cyc_term">Philosophy</a> that is informed by questions surrounding women's experiences, their position in society, their treatment under the laws of various countries, and related issues. Feminism-PhilosophySubField feminist philosophy Journalism: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. journalism (FieldConcerningFn JournalismSystem) An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Mereotopology combines Mereology (<font color="#ff0000">#$Mereology</font>, q.v.) and Topology (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Topology_FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">Topology_FieldOfStudy</a>, q.v.) to study the topological relations among parts and wholes, and the boundaries that exist among parts of a whole. mereotopology Mereotopology clinical cytogenetics (FocalFieldOfStudyFn ClinicalCytoGeneticist) Clinical cytogenetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Demography ContinentOfAfrica) demography of Africa physics history Physics history: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy Physics) (FieldAppliedToFn Biochemistry Plant) Plant biochemistry: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. plant biochemistry (FocalFieldOfStudyFn NeuroRadiologist) Neuro radiology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. neuro radiology (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics ArabidopsisThaliana) arabidopsis thaliana genetics (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Dermatologist) Dermatology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. dermatology Statistics statistics The field of study concerned with the calculation, manipulation and interpretation of numerical data. prokaryote genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics ProkaryoticCell) Prokaryote genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. propositional logic The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StandardLogic" class="cyc_term">StandardLogic</a> that is concerned with representing propositional arguments. PropositionalLogic (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Mouse-Rodent) Mouse genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. mouse genetics Semiotics of advertising: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. SemioticsOfAdvertising semiotics of advertising zebra fish genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Zebrafish) Structural engineering: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. structural engineering StructuralEngineering controlling event structural engineering (FieldAppliedToFn StructuralEngineering ControllingSomething) cosmology relativity theory (FieldAppliedToFn RelativityTheory Cosmology) Cosmology relativity theory: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. BiomedicalEngineering Biomedical engineering: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. biomedical engineering nematode genetics Nematode genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Nematode) relevance logic The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ParaconsistentLogic" class="cyc_term">ParaconsistentLogic</a> which is concerned with capturing the idea that if a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Sentence" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> S1 entails a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Sentence" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> S2, S1 ought to be _relevant_ (in some sense) to S2. (In practice, this usually amounts to the notion that S1 and S2 ought to share at least one non-logical constant.) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RelevanceLogic" class="cyc_term">RelevanceLogic</a> was initially developed by Alan Ross Anderson and Nuel Belnap of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UniversityOfPittsburgh" class="cyc_term">UniversityOfPittsburgh</a>. In <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Australasia_Region" class="cyc_term">Australasia_Region</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RelevanceLogic" class="cyc_term">RelevanceLogic</a> is usually known as &quot;relevant logic&quot;. RelevanceLogic organic physics Organic physics: (FieldAppliedToFn Physics OrganicMaterial) Men's Soccer history Men's Soccer history: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy MensSoccer-CW) aviation Aviation The study of the design, development, production, operation, and use of aircraft, esp. heavier than air aircraft. (FieldAppliedToFn Semiotics WorldWideWeb-DynamicIndexedInfoSource) semiotics of the web (FocalFieldOfStudyFn MedicalGeneticist) Medical genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. medical genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Semiotics AudibleSound) semiotics of sound bacterial genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Bacterium) Bacterial genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Marsupial) pouched mammal genetics environmental economics Environmental economics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. EnvironmentalEconomics podiatry (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Podiatrist) Podiatry: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. This is a field of study in which for which graduate degrees are granted and which is generally taught in schools within universities. The subject matter deals with all aspects of operating libraries. library science LibraryScience (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy Aeronautics) Aeronautics history: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. aeronautics history (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics SaccharomycesCerevisiae) Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics agricultural economics Agricultural economics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. AgriculturalEconomics (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy SocialScienceType) History of the social sciences: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. history of the social sciences (FieldAppliedToFn Psychology Creativity) creativity psychology Egyptology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Egyptology Egyptology The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Linguistics" class="cyc_term">Linguistics</a> dealing with the way words are combined to form phrases and sentences syntax Syntax Otolaryngology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. otolaryngology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Otorhinolaryngologist) Clinical genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn ClinicalGeneticist) clinical genetics OrientalMedicine <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OrientalMedicine" class="cyc_term">OrientalMedicine</a> is a branch of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AlternativeMedicine" class="cyc_term">AlternativeMedicine</a> indigenous to the traditions of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/China_PeoplesRepublic" class="cyc_term">China_PeoplesRepublic</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Japan" class="cyc_term">Japan</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KoreanPeninsula" class="cyc_term">KoreanPeninsula</a>, <font color="#ff0000">#$SouthEastAsia</font>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Tibet" class="cyc_term">Tibet</a>. Many of its healing modalities are based on the philosophy of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Taoism" class="cyc_term">Taoism</a>, a Chinese philosophy concerned with the passive and active aspects of reality, called 'yin' and 'yang'. The study of the energy pathways in the body, called 'meridians' is central to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OrientalMedicine" class="cyc_term">OrientalMedicine</a>. Oriental medicine clinical biochemical genetics Clinical biochemical genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn ClinicalBiochemicalGeneticist) the Twentieth Century A.D. history (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy TheTwentiethCenturyCE) Ethology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Ethology ethology bridge structural engineering (FieldAppliedToFn StructuralEngineering Bridge) Bridge structural engineering: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Psychosomatic medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. psychosomatic medicine (FocalFieldOfStudyFn PsychosomaticMedicineSpecialist) metal plating electrochemistry (FieldAppliedToFn Electrochemistry MetalPlating) Metal plating electrochemistry: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. saccharomyces genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Saccharomyces) drosophila genetics Drosophila genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Drosophila) Surface science: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Chemistry SurfaceRegion-Tangible) surface science the World Wide Web psychology (FieldAppliedToFn Psychology WorldWideWeb-DynamicIndexedInfoSource) bovine genetics Bovine genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Cattle-Domestic) Epigraphy epigraphy Epigraphy: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. emergency medicine Emergency medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn EmergencyMedicineSpecialist) astronomy (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Astronomer) endocrinology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Endocrinologist) Endocrinology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Wildlife ecology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. wildlife ecology (FieldAppliedToFn Ecology WildAnimal) surgery (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Surgeon) demography of South America (FieldAppliedToFn Demography ContinentOfSouthAmerica) industrial archeology IndustrialArchaeology Industrial archeology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. macroeconomics Macroeconomic theory is the study of an economy's aggregate behavior. Specific topics include the effect of monetary and fiscal policy on output, employment, and price level in both the long and short run; business cycles; the role of different monetary arrangements; determination of the money stock, bank credit, and interest rates; the nature of the interaction between budget and monetary expansion; the relation between inflation, unemployment, and the role of expectations; and the interaction between asset markets and the output market. Macroeconomics Etymology etymology The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Linguistics" class="cyc_term">Linguistics</a> that investigates the history, development, and origin of words. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Gynecologist) Gynecology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. gynecology (FieldAppliedToFn Economics SportsCompetition) sports competition economics neurology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Neurologist) (FieldAppliedToFn ArtificialIntelligence (ResearchInFn Medicine-FieldOfStudy)) artificial intelligence for medicine (FieldAppliedToFn Parapsychology Cell) cell parapsychology Cell parapsychology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. PhilosophyOfLanguage philosophy of language The subfield of Philosophy that is concerned with the philosophical character of natural language. Food microbiology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. food microbiology (FieldAppliedToFn Microbiology Food) (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Immunologist) Immunology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. immunology hematology Hematology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Hematologist) nuclear medicine Nuclear medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn NuclearMedicineSpecialist) nervous system biology Nervous system biology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Biology NervousSystem) epidemiology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Epidemiologist) Epidemiology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. library and information science LibraryAndInformationScience Library and information science: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. legal medicine (FocalFieldOfStudyFn LegalMedicineSpecialist) (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Nephrologist) Nephrology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. nephrology agrobacterium genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Agrobacterium) Palliative medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. palliative medicine (FocalFieldOfStudyFn PalliativeMedicineSpecialist) A branch of the social sciences that takes as its principal subject of study the interrelationships between political and economic institutions and processes. That is, political economists are interested in analyzing and explaining the ways in which various sorts of government affect the allocation of scarce resources in society through their laws and policies as well as the ways in which the nature of the economic system and the behavior of people acting on their economic interests affects the form of government and the kinds of laws and policies that get made. PoliticalEconomics political economics Financial economics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. financial economics FinancialEconomics The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Logic" class="cyc_term">Logic</a> that is concerned with representing arguments that involve tensed statements. TenseLogic tense logic Child development: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. child development DevelopmentalResearch Cardiology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Cardiologist) cardiology (FieldAppliedToFn Statistics EconomicSystem) Economic system statistics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. economic system statistics vexillology Vexillology The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> concerned with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Flag" class="cyc_term">Flag</a>s. Parapsychology parapsychology <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Parapsychology" class="cyc_term">Parapsychology</a> is the study of paranormal mental phenomena such as clairvoyance and telekinesis. It may be carried out in a scientific manner, in which case it could be considered a subfield of psychology. Most writing on the subject is not scientific. (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy Psychology) Psychology history: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. psychology history (FieldAppliedToFn (FieldConcerningFn Islam) Law) Islamic law: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Islamic law (FieldAppliedToFn AquaticEcology Estuary) Ecology of estuaries: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. ecology of estuaries PhilosophyModern modern philosophy The modern (post industrial revolution) study of philosophy; usually performed in the context of university philosophy departments. Periodontics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. periodontics (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Periodontist) (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Horse) horse genetics Horse genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Comparative politics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. comparative politics ComparativePolitics Educational organization psychology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Psychology EducationalOrganization) educational organisation psychology LaborEconomics labor economics Labor economics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. pain medicine Pain medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn PainMedicineSpecialist) Canadian resident genealogy (FieldAppliedToFn Genealogy (ResidentFn Canada)) Medical hypnosis: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn MedicalHypnosisSpecialist) medical hypnosis Hepatology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Hepatologist) hepatology mineralogy The study of minerals. Mineralogy cardiovascular medicine Cardiovascular medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn CardiovascularSpecialist) (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Immunopathologist) Immunopathology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. immunopathology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Midwife) Midwifery: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. midwifery counseling psychology Counseling psychology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. CounselingPsychology This is a field which studies the role of astronomical thought in ancient cultures. It is similar to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Archaeoastronomy" class="cyc_term">Archaeoastronomy</a> but appears to be less scientific and its practioners more methodologically diverse. Astroarchaeology astroarchaeology International Affairs A field of study. People who study <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InternationalAffairs" class="cyc_term">InternationalAffairs</a> study the relationships between international agents (e.g countries and advisory bodies like the U.N.). An important subfield of this is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InternationalEconomics" class="cyc_term">InternationalEconomics</a>. An example of an organization that teaches this field of study is The Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs: John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University. InternationalAffairs sabermetrics Sabermetrics-FieldOfStudy Sabermetrics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. semantics The subfield of linguistics dealing with meaning of language forms Semantics Clinical neuropsychology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn ClinicalNeuropsychologist) clinical neuropsychology mental health studies MentalHealth-FieldOfStudy A very broad field of study which concerns itself with improving the psychological health of humans broadly construed. Such a broad construal should be interpreted to include social and occupational functioning as it relates to mental health as well. Thus it includes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Psychiatry" class="cyc_term">Psychiatry</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CounselingPsychology" class="cyc_term">CounselingPsychology</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SocialWork" class="cyc_term">SocialWork</a> as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subFields" class="cyc_term">subFields</a>. It is not so broad so as to include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Psychology_Behavioral" class="cyc_term">Psychology_Behavioral</a>. Although many of the findings of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Psychology_Behavioral" class="cyc_term">Psychology_Behavioral</a> are applicable to areas of concern within <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MentalHealth_FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">MentalHealth_FieldOfStudy</a>, the chief aim of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Psychology_Behavioral" class="cyc_term">Psychology_Behavioral</a> is to empirically uncover the 'laws of behavior'. epicurean schooling EpicureanSchool Epicurean schooling: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. logistics Logistics A field of study concerned with the flow of material and information between suppliers and consumers, usually for the purpose of creating some product or carrying out some task. Important applications include military logistics and transportation logistics. cryogenic storage Cryogenic storage: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Cryogenics StorageOfSomething) lexicography Lexicography The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Linguistics" class="cyc_term">Linguistics</a> that deals with the writing and compiling of dictionaries (FocalFieldOfStudyFn PreventiveMedicineSpecialist) Preventive medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. preventive medicine persuading psychology (FieldAppliedToFn Psychology PersuadingToAct) (FieldAppliedToFn Philosophy CognitiveScience) philosophy of cognitive science bean plant genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics BeanPlant) (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy Soccer) soccer history gastroenterology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Gastroenterologist) Gastroenterology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. hand-written document psychology (FieldAppliedToFn Psychology HandwrittenDocument) Proctology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Proctologist) proctology metaphysics The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Philosophy" class="cyc_term">Philosophy</a> concerned with the ultimate nature of existence. Metaphysics EngineeringField engineering The Field of Engineering, which embraces many subfields MilitaryTactics-FieldOfStudy military tactics A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MilitaryTactics_FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">MilitaryTactics_FieldOfStudy</a> is the branch of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MilitaryScience" class="cyc_term">MilitaryScience</a> that is concerned with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy. astrophysics history Astrophysics history: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy Astrophysics) ethnology Ethnology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Ethnology dicot genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics DicotSubclass) visual semiotics (FieldAppliedToFn Semiotics VisualImage) demography of Europe (FieldAppliedToFn Demography ContinentOfEurope) Occupational therapy: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. occupational therapy (FocalFieldOfStudyFn OccupationalMedicineSpecialist) Law-FieldOfStudy jurisprudence The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> that is concerned with the science and philosophy of law. Shiite Islam theology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Shiite Islam theology (FieldAppliedToFn Theology ShiiteIslam) radiology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Radiologist) Radiology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Biology CoralPolyp) biology of coral sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Linguistics" class="cyc_term">Linguistics</a> dealing with social aspects of language use The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StandardLogic" class="cyc_term">StandardLogic</a> that is concerned with arguments involving quantification. predicate logic PredicateLogic (FocalFieldOfStudyFn CriticalCareMedicineSpecialist) Critical care medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. critical care medicine (FieldAppliedToFn Archaeology ClassicalMayanCivilization) The classical Mayan civilization archeology Historical archeology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. HistoricalArchaeology historical archeology law-related field (FieldConcerningFn Law) Microeconomics Microeconomics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. microeconomics cytopathology Cytopathology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Cytopathologist) The specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Psychology" class="cyc_term">Psychology</a> that focuses on the analysis of behavioral patterns and their reinforcement or decay. Psychology-Behavioral behavioral psychology Psychiatry: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. psychiatry Psychiatry (PhilosophyFn ScotchWhisky) ___PhilosophyFn__ScotchWhisky__ rheumatology Rheumatology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Rheumatologist) Education-related field: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldConcerningFn Education) education-related field pragmatics The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Linguistics" class="cyc_term">Linguistics</a> dealing with non-truth-conditional aspects of meaning. This includes but is not limited to deixis, implicature, and conversational conventions. Pragmatics bioethics Bioethics This is a subfield of normative or substantive ethics which is restricted to issues that arise in the life sciences, particularly in medicine. Some of the main topics are abortion, euthanasia, informed consent, and the distribution of medical treatment. The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Philosophy" class="cyc_term">Philosophy</a> concerned with the nature of aesthetic judgment. Aesthetics Aesthetics symbolic systems The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> of Symbolic Systems. Those who study Symbolic Systems typically study a combination of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerScience" class="cyc_term">ComputerScience</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Psychology" class="cyc_term">Psychology</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Philosophy" class="cyc_term">Philosophy</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Linguistics" class="cyc_term">Linguistics</a>. They may concentrate in areas such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtificialIntelligence" class="cyc_term">ArtificialIntelligence</a> or Human-Computer Interaction. SymbolicSystems history of chemistry (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy Chemistry) medical microbiology (FieldAppliedToFn Microbiology Medicine-FieldOfStudy) Medical microbiology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. MilitaryScience military science A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MilitaryScience" class="cyc_term">MilitaryScience</a> is the discipline that is concerned with the principles of warfare (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/War" class="cyc_term">War</a>). Urology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Urologist) urology neurosurgery (FocalFieldOfStudyFn NeuroSurgeon) Neurosurgery: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Etiology Etiology Rhinology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Rhinologist) rhinology Optometry: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Optometrist) optometry Fungal genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. fungal genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Fungus) The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> of psychology. Psychology psychology military artificial intelligence (FieldAppliedToFn ArtificialIntelligence Military-Action) PhilosophyOfLogic philosophy of logic The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Philosophy" class="cyc_term">Philosophy</a> that is concerned with the philosophical character of logical systems. The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Linguistics" class="cyc_term">Linguistics</a> focusing on the production, transmission, and perception of speech sounds Phonetics phonetics Gender psychology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Psychology PersonTypeByGender) gender psychology (FieldAppliedToFn Psychology HumanChild) Child psychology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. child psychology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn GeriatricDoctor) geriatric medicine Geriatric medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Logic" class="cyc_term">Logic</a> that is concerned with representing arguments involving obligation and permission. deontic logic DeonticLogic (FieldAppliedToFn Anatomy-FieldOfStudy HumanBody) Human anatomy: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. human anatomy (FieldAppliedToFn Nutrition Geriatrics-Field) Geriatric nutrition: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. geriatric nutrition (FieldAppliedToFn Demography ContinentOfNorthAmerica) demography of North America The study of improving the human race by encouraging the propagation of desirable genetic traits and discouraging the propagation of undesirable ones. eugenics Eugenics urban economics UrbanEconomics Urban economics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. herbal medicine HerbalMedicine <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HerbalMedicine" class="cyc_term">HerbalMedicine</a> is a branch of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AlternativeMedicine" class="cyc_term">AlternativeMedicine</a> that uses natural plant substances to treat illnesses. The practice has existed since prehistoric times and is used today by up to 80% of the world's population as a primary form of medicine. Herbs may be used directly as teas (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InfusionDrink" class="cyc_term">InfusionDrink</a>) or extracts, or they may be used in the production of drugs. The queen of the sciences. philosophy Philosophy (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Doctor-Osteopathic) osteopathic medicine Osteopathic medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. morphology Morphology The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Linguistics" class="cyc_term">Linguistics</a> dealing with minimal units of meaning in language (FieldAppliedToFn NumberTheory TranscendentalNumber) transcendental number theory Transcendental number theory: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Heraldry heraldry The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> concerned with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HeraldicDevice" class="cyc_term">HeraldicDevice</a>s. Pediatric medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn PediatricMedicineSpecialist) pediatric medicine ParaconsistentLogic The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Logic" class="cyc_term">Logic</a> which is concerned with drawing inferences from inconsistent bodies of information in a sensible way. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ParaconsistentLogic" class="cyc_term">ParaconsistentLogic</a> was first developed by Stanislaw Jaskowski of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Poland" class="cyc_term">Poland</a> and Newton da Costa of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Brazil" class="cyc_term">Brazil</a>. paraconsistent logic internal sports medicine Internal sports medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FocalFieldOfStudyFn InternalSportsMedicineSpecialist) (FocalFieldOfStudyFn PhysicalMedicineSpecialist) physical medicine dentistry Dentistry Dentistry: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. modal logic The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Logic" class="cyc_term">Logic</a> that is concerned with representing arguments that involve necessity and possibility. ModalLogic emergency sports medicine (FocalFieldOfStudyFn EmergencySportsMedicineSpecialist) Emergency sports medicine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. FuzzyLogic fuzzy logic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> which is a subfield [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subFields" class="cyc_term">subFields</a>] of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Logic" class="cyc_term">Logic</a> in which numbers on a scale from 0 to 1 [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Real0_1" class="cyc_term">Real0_1</a>] are used instead of the values &quot;true&quot; and &quot;false&quot;, to represent the truth value statements that do not have a simple yes or no answer. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FuzzyLogic" class="cyc_term">FuzzyLogic</a> was developed by Lofti Zadeh of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UniversityOfCalifornia_Berkeley" class="cyc_term">UniversityOfCalifornia_Berkeley</a>. anatomic pathology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn AnatomicPathologist) dream psychology Dream psychology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Psychology Dreaming) Neurolinguistics The study of the neurological processes underlying the development and use of language neurolinguistics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Dog) Dog genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. dog genetics The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Linguistics" class="cyc_term">Linguistics</a> dealing with the patterning of sound segments in a language Phonology phonology demography of Asia (FieldAppliedToFn Demography ContinentOfAsia) mining history Mining history: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy Mining) (FocalFieldOfStudyFn ClinicalPharmacologist) Clinical pharmacology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. clinical pharmacology archaeoastronomy <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Archaeoastronomy" class="cyc_term">Archaeoastronomy</a> is the study of ancient astronomical theory and practice. There are both academic/scientific and non-scientific versions of this study. The former is essentially a subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Archaeology" class="cyc_term">Archaeology</a>. Archaeoastronomy (FieldConcerningFn Religion) field concerning religion SocialWork Social work: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. social work veterinary medicine VeterinaryMedicine The field of study which deals with the treatment of non-human animals and diseases that affect them. environmental planning (FieldAppliedToFn Ecology Plan-ExpectedSituationType) AlternativeMedicine alternative health <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AlternativeMedicine" class="cyc_term">AlternativeMedicine</a> is one of the ways of treating and preventing illnesses which involves techniques that are regarded by modern Western medicine as scientifically unproven or unorthodox (cf. Medicine-FieldOfStudy). The term ``alternative medicine'' can encompass a wide range of therapies, including chiropractic, homeopathy, acupuncture, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HerbalMedicine" class="cyc_term">HerbalMedicine</a>, meditation, biofeedback, massage therapy, and various new-age therapies such as guided imagery and naturopathy. international economics InternationalEconomics Laryngology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. laryngology (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Laryngologist) creative artificial intelligence (FieldAppliedToFn ArtificialIntelligence Creativity) Theology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Theology theology Shiite Islam ethics Shiite Islam ethics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Ethics-PhilosophySubField ShiiteIslam) SuperluminalPhysics Superluminal physics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. superluminal physics psycholinguistics The subfield of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Linguistics" class="cyc_term">Linguistics</a> that deals with the relationship between language and the cognitive or behavioral characteristics of those who use it Psycholinguistics education psychology Education psychology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Psychology Education) This is typically described as the study of as-yet-unverified animals. It is somewhat unclear in what sense as-yet-unverified animals can be studied. Perhaps this field is more charitably characterized as research into whether various animals reported anecdotally or in myth and legend actually exist. Cryptozoology cryptozoology Genealogy is the study of family descent. Genealogy genealogy Helicopter history: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. helicopter history (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy Helicopter) environmental microbiology Environmental microbiology: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn Microbiology Ecosystem) (FieldAppliedToFn ChemicalEngineering Pharmacology) pharmacology chemical engineering algebraic number theory (FieldAppliedToFn NumberTheory AlgebraicNumber) advertising history Advertising history: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. (FieldAppliedToFn History-FieldOfStudy Advertising) business administration Business administration: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. BusinessAdministration Rat genetics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. rat genetics (FieldAppliedToFn Genetics Rat) ancient philosophy The ancient study of philosophy done in the Mediterranean basin. Philosophy-Ancient Cereal food science: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. cereal food science (FieldAppliedToFn FoodScience (FruitFn CerealPlant)) orthopaedics (FocalFieldOfStudyFn Orthopaedist) Orthopaedics: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. KE clarifying collection type The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <font color="#ff0000">#$KRAKEN</font> application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KEClarifyingCollectionType field of study A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> is a particular area of study, with its own distinctive set of theories, hypotheses, and problems. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> (q.v.), although one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> may cover several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtHistory" class="cyc_term">ArtHistory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Physics" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtificialIntelligence" class="cyc_term">ArtificialIntelligence</a>. FieldOfStudy information and CWs topic InformationAndCWs-Topic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CollectionType" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FixedOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingStuffType" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. first-order collection FirstOrderCollection field of study A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> is a particular area of study, with its own distinctive set of theories, hypotheses, and problems. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> (q.v.), although one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> may cover several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtHistory" class="cyc_term">ArtHistory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Physics" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtificialIntelligence" class="cyc_term">ArtificialIntelligence</a>. FieldOfStudy A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CycVocabularyTopic" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KBDependentCollection" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. education-social-topic Education-Social-Topic A collection of collections. Each instance <code><b>COL</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (<i>ANECT</i>) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code><b>COL</b></code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/disjointWith" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code><b>INST</b></code> of <code><b>COL</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> essentially (i.e. <code><b>INST</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code><b>COL</b></code>. <p/> Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Collection" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Integer" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Relation" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UniqueAnatomicalPartType" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Heart" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: <p/> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CollectionUnionFn" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TheSet" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PrimeNumber" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> <i>TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers</i>)) <p/> This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not <i>necessarily</i> true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. <p/> When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UniversalVocabularyMt" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. <p/> Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential field of study A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> is a particular area of study, with its own distinctive set of theories, hypotheses, and problems. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> (q.v.), although one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> may cover several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtHistory" class="cyc_term">ArtHistory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Physics" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtificialIntelligence" class="cyc_term">ArtificialIntelligence</a>. FieldOfStudy field of study A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> is a particular area of study, with its own distinctive set of theories, hypotheses, and problems. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> (q.v.), although one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> may cover several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtHistory" class="cyc_term">ArtHistory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Physics" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtificialIntelligence" class="cyc_term">ArtificialIntelligence</a>. FieldOfStudy (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/wikipediaArticleURL" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <font color="#ff0000">#$Wikipedia-WebSite</font> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL wikipediaArticleURL candidate KB completeness node CandidateKBCompletenessNode Analyst-PertinentConcept An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptTypeByDomain" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a>. Generally speaking, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Analyst_PertinentConcept" class="cyc_term">Analyst_PertinentConcept</a> are concepts and relations such as are used by intelligence analysts reasoning about threat situations. Specifically, all core concepts in this domain (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/coreConceptOfDomain" class="cyc_term">coreConceptOfDomain</a>) are either 1) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 2) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TernaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 3:)<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsa" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 4) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsa" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TernaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 5) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argGenl" class="cyc_term">argGenl</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TernaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, or 6) concepts or relations that are instances of instances of <font color="#ff0000">#$TKBInterfaceCollection</font>. the intelligence analyst reasoning domain field of study A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> is a particular area of study, with its own distinctive set of theories, hypotheses, and problems. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> (q.v.), although one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> may cover several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtHistory" class="cyc_term">ArtHistory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Physics" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtificialIntelligence" class="cyc_term">ArtificialIntelligence</a>. FieldOfStudy AspatialInformationStore A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialThing" class="cyc_term">AspatialThing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntangibleIndividual" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationStore" class="cyc_term">InformationStore</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> is the collection of all information stores that have no spatial location. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Microtheory" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AbstractInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Although no instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> has a spatial location, some instances can have multiple spatio-temporal &quot;embodiments&quot;. For example, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PropositionalInformationThing" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a> may be the content of several concrete documents, such as several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/containsInfoPropositional_IBT" class="cyc_term">containsInfoPropositional_IBT</a>); and several distinct events, such as spoken utterances, may have a certain unique <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Proposition" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a> as their content (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/containsInformation" class="cyc_term">containsInformation</a>). information field of study A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> is a particular area of study, with its own distinctive set of theories, hypotheses, and problems. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> (q.v.), although one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> may cover several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtHistory" class="cyc_term">ArtHistory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Physics" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtificialIntelligence" class="cyc_term">ArtificialIntelligence</a>. FieldOfStudy field of study A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> is a particular area of study, with its own distinctive set of theories, hypotheses, and problems. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> (q.v.), although one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AcademicDepartment" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> may cover several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtHistory" class="cyc_term">ArtHistory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Physics" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtificialIntelligence" class="cyc_term">ArtificialIntelligence</a>. FieldOfStudy prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String