]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Mx4rvVjgDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA physical information bearing object The "collection-intersection" (and thus a common specialization) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> is an human-created <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (IBO) in a "hard" format (e.g. written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, or carved on stone) that humans can obtain information from by viewing (if there is sufficient light) without using a computer or electronic device. In many cases the information is encoded in visual symbols, whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationConvention" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> must be understood by anyone who would access the information. For example, the information may be stored as English text. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> include: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a Picasso painting, and a hardcopy of a map with no text on it. Note that this collection does _not_ include IBOs embodied in magnetic media such as tape or disk (as the information they bear is not directly accessible to someone viewing them) or Braille books (as they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a>, whose information content must be accessed visually). HardcopyInformationBearingObject http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_copy hard copy hard copies physical information bearing objects PastelDrawing pastel The collection of all pastels. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PastelDrawing" class="cyc_term">PastelDrawing</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. The collection of all inserts. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PortableObject" class="cyc_term">PortableObject</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Insert_IBO" class="cyc_term">Insert_IBO</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. Insert-IBO insert StainedGlassWorkAsArtForm stained glass StainedGlassWorks as representational art forms engraving The class of prints, usually on paper, made from an engraved plate Engraving-Print label Label-IBO The collection of all labels, namely those <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s that serve to identify the object to which they are attached. This is the most general form of such things and includes a wide range of examples. Easily identified subsets include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ProductLabel" class="cyc_term">ProductLabel</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AddressLabel" class="cyc_term">AddressLabel</a>s. Other, not so obvious examples include a radio isotope that serves to identify a particular gene. Thus an intangible projection of light onto a wall cannot serve as a label although it may contain information about something (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/containsInformationAbout" class="cyc_term">containsInformationAbout</a>). A borderline positive example is a magnetic strip containing information about the object to which it is attached. (HardcopyOfInformationTypeFn TravelGuide) hardcopy of travel guides SignTheDisplay A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SignTheDisplay" class="cyc_term">SignTheDisplay</a> is a physical object typically placed where <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s can see it so that they can obtain (generally propositional) information from it. Signs are typically used to identify objects (e.g., street signs, name tags, species labels at zoos), to advertise goods (e.g., billboards, neon signs, posters for garage sales), and to warn of hazards (e.g., signs for road hazards or road construction, printed tape marking off a police line). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SignTheDisplay" class="cyc_term">SignTheDisplay</a> differs from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SymbolicObject" class="cyc_term">SymbolicObject</a> in displaying specific information rather than symbolizing another thing, though the two collections are obviously not disjoint. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/signifiesTo" class="cyc_term">signifiesTo</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/signifies" class="cyc_term">signifies</a>. sign (HardcopyOfIBTTypeFn Cartoon) hardcopy of cartoons NewspaperCopy Publication containing ephemeral (daily or weekly) accounts of news events since the last publication. newspaper (HardcopyOfIBTTypeFn TextualMaterial) hardcopy of documents Card card An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Card" class="cyc_term">Card</a> is a small, sturdy sheet of stuff -- usually cardstock paper, although it could be plastic or thin metal -- bearing some kind of information. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Card" class="cyc_term">Card</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreditCard" class="cyc_term">CreditCard</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BusinessCard" class="cyc_term">BusinessCard</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PostCard" class="cyc_term">PostCard</a>. Note that electronic objects that perform the same functions as some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Card" class="cyc_term">Card</a> (for example, electronic greeting cards) are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Card" class="cyc_term">Card</a>. The collection of all engraved regions (the physical space where the engraving is located) of tangible objects Engraving engraving NonPublishedText unpublished text A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextualMaterial" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a>, and thus of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (IBO). Each instance of this collection is (a physical copy of) a text that has not yet been published. It may have been rejected for publication (e.g. a rejected book manuscript) or it may not be intended for publication (e.g. a memo or personal letter). It is, of course, disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PublishedMaterial" class="cyc_term">PublishedMaterial</a>. (HardcopyOfIBTTypeFn MapCopy) hardcopy of maps DeadSeaScroll The collection of ancient leather and papyrus manuscripts discovered in caves and ruins near the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DeadSea" class="cyc_term">DeadSea</a>. Dead Sea scroll OfficialDocument official document A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialDocument" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a> is a document that can be used as the basis, proof, or support of some fact (such as a person's nationality, marital status, credit, or qualifications; or the ownership or transfer of property, etc.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialDocument" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a>s are typically generated, issued, and/or certified by relevant institutions (as with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Passport" class="cyc_term">Passport</a>s or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StockCertificate" class="cyc_term">StockCertificate</a>s), but they also include unique personal documents (such as wills) which meet certain standards to be accepted in support of facts. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialDocument" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a> include: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BirthCertificate" class="cyc_term">BirthCertificate</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TaxReturn" class="cyc_term">TaxReturn</a>s, insurance policies, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PostageStamp" class="cyc_term">PostageStamp</a>s, receipts, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PackingSlip" class="cyc_term">PackingSlip</a>s and student ID cards. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LegalDocument" class="cyc_term">LegalDocument</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialDocumentType" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocumentType</a>. Paper-IBO information bearing object in the form of paper A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>. Each instance of this collection is an artifact in the form of one or more sheets of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Paper" class="cyc_term">Paper</a>, containing markings (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualMark" class="cyc_term">VisualMark</a>) that may be interpreted as encoding information. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Paper_IBO" class="cyc_term">Paper_IBO</a>s are often textual (i.e instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextualMaterial" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a>) but not always (c.f. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MapCopy" class="cyc_term">MapCopy</a>, for instance). When they consist of more than one sheet of paper, these are often bound together, as in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MagazineCopy" class="cyc_term">MagazineCopy</a>. hardcopy of image sources (HardcopyOfIBTTypeFn StillImageSource) patient record PatientMedicalRecord-Hardcopy The file associated with each patient of a medical care provider containing the information pertinent to that patient's health and history, and the provider's care/recommendations given to that patient. painting The collection of paintings as representational art forms. Paintings are tangible <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s, consisting of pigment applied to some surface (usually flat, often rectangular and sheetlike) Painting-ArtForm PenOrPencilDrawing pen or pencil drawing Elements are elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Drawing_Depiction" class="cyc_term">Drawing_Depiction</a>, usually on paper, made with ink or pencil. Some but not all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PenOrPencilDrawing" class="cyc_term">PenOrPencilDrawing</a>s are elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtObject" class="cyc_term">ArtObject</a>. Globe-Map The collection of all hardcopy <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Map" class="cyc_term">Map</a>s of planetary objects (normally the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PlanetEarth" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a>) displayed upon a spherical object. globe Leaflet leaflet The collection of all leaflets. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>. grave marker GraveMarker The marker at a grave usually detailing the name, date of birth and date of death of the person buried there. The collection of diaries -- journals of personal happenings, usually kept private or shared only among intimate friends, until you're dead. Then, if you're famous, it becomes public knowledge. Diary diary currency Currency A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TenderObject" class="cyc_term">TenderObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Currency" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> is a physical object generally accepted as legal tender, and used as a means of transferring a quantity of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MonetaryValue" class="cyc_term">MonetaryValue</a> (q.v.) between some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Currency" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> may be coins, items of precious metal, paper bills for which precious objects are payable by a government to the bearer on demand, or unbacked paper bills required by a government to be accepted for payment of debts. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Currency" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> are typically backed by and issued by national governments. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BankAccountStatement_Hardcopy" class="cyc_term">BankAccountStatement_Hardcopy</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BankAccountStatement" class="cyc_term">BankAccountStatement</a> that is issued in hardcopy format (usually on paper). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BankAccountStatement_Hardcopy" class="cyc_term">BankAccountStatement_Hardcopy</a> are typically mailed to account holders on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis. BankAccountStatement-Hardcopy hardcopy bank statement Token-Physical token A collection of small symbolic artifacts, normally made of metal. The collection includes medals (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Medal_Physical" class="cyc_term">Medal_Physical</a>) and coins (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Coin_Currency" class="cyc_term">Coin_Currency</a>) as well as privately issued <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Currency" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> substitutes and similar objects. solid tangible artifact SolidTangibleArtifact A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SolidTangibleThing" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a> . Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SolidTangibleArtifact" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleArtifact</a> is a partially tangible artifact that is also a solid. Instances include both solid objects (for example, instances of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>) as well as portions of stuff in solid form (for example, instances of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cloth" class="cyc_term">Cloth</a>). KE clarifying collection type The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the #$KRAKEN application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KEClarifyingCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properPhysicalDecompositions" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingStuffType" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. type of object ExistingObjectType A collection of collections. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTFormatType" class="cyc_term">IBTFormatType</a> are collections of things which store or encode information. Each IBTFormatType is distinguished primarily by the physical format of its instances. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompactDisc_Generic" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Generic</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VideoTape" class="cyc_term">VideoTape</a> are all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTFormatType" class="cyc_term">IBTFormatType</a>. Non-examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JazzMusic" class="cyc_term">JazzMusic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StarTrek_TNG" class="cyc_term">StarTrek_TNG</a>, since these are distinguished primarily by the kind of information contained, rather than physical format. (edited ABelasco) type of information bearing thing classified by format IBTFormatType hexalateral object A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HexalateralObject" class="cyc_term">HexalateralObject</a> is an object with a well-defined front, back, left, right, top, and bottom. These sides are considered to be intrinsic to the object and do not vary as the object changes position. Any object which is an instance of two different specs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BilateralObject" class="cyc_term">BilateralObject</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HexalateralObject" class="cyc_term">HexalateralObject</a> as a matter of definition -- e.g. if an object's front and back can be distinguished and its left side can be distinguished from its right, then it also has a well-defined bottom and top. See also comments for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BilateralObject" class="cyc_term">BilateralObject</a> and for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FrontAndBackSidedObject" class="cyc_term">FrontAndBackSidedObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LeftAndRightSidedObject" class="cyc_term">LeftAndRightSidedObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TopAndBottomSidedObject" class="cyc_term">TopAndBottomSidedObject</a>. HexalateralObject spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LatitudeLine" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompactDisc_Audio" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PlanetaryBody" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointRegionType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GeographicalRegion" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/City" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TrueContinent" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). information and CWs topic InformationAndCWs-Topic image source StillImageSource (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/wikipediaArticleURL" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in #$Wikipedia-WebSite THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL wikipediaArticleURL physical information bearing object The "collection-intersection" (and thus a common specialization) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> is an human-created <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (IBO) in a "hard" format (e.g. written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, or carved on stone) that humans can obtain information from by viewing (if there is sufficient light) without using a computer or electronic device. In many cases the information is encoded in visual symbols, whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationConvention" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> must be understood by anyone who would access the information. For example, the information may be stored as English text. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> include: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a Picasso painting, and a hardcopy of a map with no text on it. Note that this collection does _not_ include IBOs embodied in magnetic media such as tape or disk (as the information they bear is not directly accessible to someone viewing them) or Braille books (as they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a>, whose information content must be accessed visually). HardcopyInformationBearingObject physical information bearing object The "collection-intersection" (and thus a common specialization) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> is an human-created <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (IBO) in a "hard" format (e.g. written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, or carved on stone) that humans can obtain information from by viewing (if there is sufficient light) without using a computer or electronic device. In many cases the information is encoded in visual symbols, whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationConvention" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> must be understood by anyone who would access the information. For example, the information may be stored as English text. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> include: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a Picasso painting, and a hardcopy of a map with no text on it. Note that this collection does _not_ include IBOs embodied in magnetic media such as tape or disk (as the information they bear is not directly accessible to someone viewing them) or Braille books (as they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a>, whose information content must be accessed visually). HardcopyInformationBearingObject physical information bearing object The "collection-intersection" (and thus a common specialization) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> is an human-created <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (IBO) in a "hard" format (e.g. written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, or carved on stone) that humans can obtain information from by viewing (if there is sufficient light) without using a computer or electronic device. In many cases the information is encoded in visual symbols, whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationConvention" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> must be understood by anyone who would access the information. For example, the information may be stored as English text. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> include: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a Picasso painting, and a hardcopy of a map with no text on it. Note that this collection does _not_ include IBOs embodied in magnetic media such as tape or disk (as the information they bear is not directly accessible to someone viewing them) or Braille books (as they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a>, whose information content must be accessed visually). HardcopyInformationBearingObject physical information bearing object The "collection-intersection" (and thus a common specialization) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> is an human-created <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (IBO) in a "hard" format (e.g. written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, or carved on stone) that humans can obtain information from by viewing (if there is sufficient light) without using a computer or electronic device. In many cases the information is encoded in visual symbols, whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationConvention" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> must be understood by anyone who would access the information. For example, the information may be stored as English text. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> include: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a Picasso painting, and a hardcopy of a map with no text on it. Note that this collection does _not_ include IBOs embodied in magnetic media such as tape or disk (as the information they bear is not directly accessible to someone viewing them) or Braille books (as they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a>, whose information content must be accessed visually). HardcopyInformationBearingObject physical information bearing object The "collection-intersection" (and thus a common specialization) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> is an human-created <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (IBO) in a "hard" format (e.g. written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, or carved on stone) that humans can obtain information from by viewing (if there is sufficient light) without using a computer or electronic device. In many cases the information is encoded in visual symbols, whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationConvention" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> must be understood by anyone who would access the information. For example, the information may be stored as English text. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> include: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a Picasso painting, and a hardcopy of a map with no text on it. Note that this collection does _not_ include IBOs embodied in magnetic media such as tape or disk (as the information they bear is not directly accessible to someone viewing them) or Braille books (as they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a>, whose information content must be accessed visually). HardcopyInformationBearingObject physical information bearing object The "collection-intersection" (and thus a common specialization) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> is an human-created <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (IBO) in a "hard" format (e.g. written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, or carved on stone) that humans can obtain information from by viewing (if there is sufficient light) without using a computer or electronic device. In many cases the information is encoded in visual symbols, whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationConvention" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> must be understood by anyone who would access the information. For example, the information may be stored as English text. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> include: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a Picasso painting, and a hardcopy of a map with no text on it. Note that this collection does _not_ include IBOs embodied in magnetic media such as tape or disk (as the information they bear is not directly accessible to someone viewing them) or Braille books (as they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a>, whose information content must be accessed visually). HardcopyInformationBearingObject A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBT" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBT</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> is an object (i.e. an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>) that can be interpreted by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> to yield information. Examples include street signs, product wrappings and roulette wheels. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s requiring a device to convert them into human understandable form (such as DVDs) are not included. Most instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a>. Objects such as Braille book copies, however, are not (since they are not interpreted visually). Objects that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBT" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBT</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> fall into the collection defined as the intersection of these three -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>. HumanAccessibleIBO human culture specific information bearing object prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String