]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration_Original" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> is an event in which some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (hereafter IBT) is generated, where the content of the IBT generated is not a copy of the content of any previously created IBT. IBTGeneration-Original generation of an original information bearing thing Mx4rvVj2r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA conveys generations of an original information bearing thing conveyed had conveyed has conveyed will have conveyed conveying convey have conveyed will convey To clap the hands to express approval. Applauding-Clapping clapping computer programming A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerActivity" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration_Original" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> programs some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Computer" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> by physically typing a copy of the program into it. For particularly clever or expert programming feats, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Hacking" class="cyc_term">Hacking</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WritingAComputerProgram" class="cyc_term">WritingAComputerProgram</a> -- the collection of events in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> creates a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerProgram_CW" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> (of course many instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WritingAComputerProgram" class="cyc_term">WritingAComputerProgram</a> will also be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ProgrammingAComputer" class="cyc_term">ProgrammingAComputer</a>). ProgrammingAComputer The act of conveying information to some kind of device. You can't convey information to a hammer, so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/informationDestination" class="cyc_term">informationDestination</a> is minimized to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Computer" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CashRegister" class="cyc_term">CashRegister</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Clock" class="cyc_term">Clock</a> or whatever else you care to add. entry EnteringInfoIntoDevice ArrangingMusic arranging music IBOCreation-NonVerbal Actions where an agent expresses information non-verbally, generating non-verbal or non-textual IBOs (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> instances) such as gestures, facial expressions, diagrams, etc. creation of an object bearing non-verbal information swearing Using vulgar language. Need not be spoken. UsingProfanity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Requesting_CommunicationAct" class="cyc_term">Requesting_CommunicationAct</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RequestingInformation" class="cyc_term">RequestingInformation</a>, an agent asks a question or requests some information. See also the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IllocutionaryForce" class="cyc_term">IllocutionaryForce</a> associated with this action, <font color="#ff0000">#$Query</font>. inquiring RequestingInformation RequestForBid bid request A request issued by a potential customer to a potential vendor, for a bid on some product(s)/service(s). Usually the first step of sales contract negotiation. This is not that same as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RequestingToMakeAPurchase" class="cyc_term">RequestingToMakeAPurchase</a> because it involves no obligation on the part of the requestor to buy. feedback ProvidingFeedback Providing feedback to some controlling agent about something they control. idea or advice Advising A collection of events, in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntelligentAgent" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> A tells another <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntelligentAgent" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> B what A thinks B should do, especially when A knows more than B does about something. IBTGeneration generation of an information bearing thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> is an event which creates some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> created may be either a transient wave phenomenon (e.g. sound, light, or radio waves), or it may be a relatively long-lasting instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (cf. the important specialization of IBTGeneration -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBOCreation" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a>). Humans frequently generate such IBTs as spoken language, gestures, and handwritten notes. It is irrelevant for instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> whether there is another agent who accesses the resulting IBT. Note that every communication act starts with an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. (Thus, see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> and its specializations, especially <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>.) For an analogous collection regarding instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CWCreation" class="cyc_term">CWCreation</a>. Two important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration_Original" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration_Replication" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Replication</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ibtGenerated" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>. A CommunicationAct in which there are multiple receivers. OneToManyCommunication one to many communication PublicProtesting public protest A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PoliticalEvent" class="cyc_term">PoliticalEvent</a> in which one or more participants engage in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Objecting_CommunicationAct" class="cyc_term">Objecting_CommunicationAct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PublicProtesting" class="cyc_term">PublicProtesting</a> is a public objection, by an individual or group, to some action or state of affairs. Communication acts which involve the transfer of an encrypted <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicationToken" class="cyc_term">communicationToken</a>. There are additional subevents, that of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Encrypting" class="cyc_term">Encrypting</a> and that of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Decrypting" class="cyc_term">Decrypting</a>, not present in most <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. encrypted communication EncryptedCommunication A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>. Each instance of this collection is an action that conveys information to the effect that the performing agent has received some prior <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> (which was performed by another agent). An example is Joan saying, `I hear you' in response to Bette's exclaiming, `What a dump!' Note that acknowledging can be implicit; for example, one can acknowledge a question by answering it. Acknowledging-CommunicationAct acknowledgment An acknowledgement in which the performer affirms what was communicated to them in a prior communication. Accepting-CommunicationAct acceptance filing a patent The action of submitting a formal request to a patenting agency that the submitter be recognized as the owner to rights to produce tangibles meeting the specification included in the request. PatentFiling A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AttributingResponsibility" class="cyc_term">AttributingResponsibility</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HostileSocialAction" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Accusing" class="cyc_term">Accusing</a> is an event in which an agent declares that another agent (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/accused" class="cyc_term">accused</a>) is responsible for some inappropriate or undesirable state of affairs. Accusing accusing information and CWs topic InformationAndCWs-Topic sit-in Sitting at a location in order to protest something. Usually done in groups. Sit-In A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Offering_CommunicationAct" class="cyc_term">Offering_CommunicationAct</a> is a communication act in which somebody offers to do something, furnish something, or make something the case. See also the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IllocutionaryForce" class="cyc_term">IllocutionaryForce</a> associated with these actions, <font color="#ff0000">#$Offer</font>. Offering-CommunicationAct offer MusicalCommunicatingFromPerformerToListener The communication of a musical idea from a performer to a listener. musical communicating from performer to listener GettingBids getting bids A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommercialActivity" class="cyc_term">CommercialActivity</a>. Each instance of this collection is an activity whereby an agent obtains bids (or price quotes, cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BidOnSale" class="cyc_term">BidOnSale</a>) for items to be purchased. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Bidding" class="cyc_term">Bidding</a>. This is the collection of actions in which one agent attributes at least causal responsibility, and perhaps moral responsibility, for an action to an agent. This is a general collection which includes both accusations (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Accusing" class="cyc_term">Accusing</a>) and claims of responsibility (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClaimingResponsibility" class="cyc_term">ClaimingResponsibility</a>). attributing responsibility AttributingResponsibility The communicating of the intent to wage war on another army. declaring war DeclaringWar Advertising A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>. Each instance of this collection consists of some communication to potential clients of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Organization" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>, the desire of the organization that they be its clients. The organization may be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Business" class="cyc_term">Business</a> wanting people to do business with it (cf. the more specific <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Advertising_Business" class="cyc_term">Advertising_Business</a>). Or it may be, for example, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PoliticalParty" class="cyc_term">PoliticalParty</a> (cf. the more specific <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Advertising_Political" class="cyc_term">Advertising_Political</a>). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AdvertisingCampaign" class="cyc_term">AdvertisingCampaign</a>. advertising The action of providing the government with ones tax return. FilingTaxes filing taxes musical communicating from composer to performer The communication of a musical idea from a composer to a performer. MusicalCommunicatingFromComposerToPerformer A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration_Original" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> is an event in which some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (hereafter IBT) is generated, where the content of the IBT generated is not a copy of the content of any previously created IBT. generation of an original information bearing thing IBTGeneration-Original FilingAnInsuranceClaim filing an insurance claim The action of filing a claim against an insurance company for having been involved in a covered event. event in which an information bearing thing is recorded A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration_Replication" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Replication</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTRecoding" class="cyc_term">IBTRecoding</a> is an event which generates a new information-bearing thing (i.e., an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>) by taking information from a source information-bearing thing (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/informationOrigin" class="cyc_term">informationOrigin</a>), encoding it a new way, and incorporating it into a new information-bearing thing (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ibtGenerated" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTRecoding" class="cyc_term">IBTRecoding</a> may be done either by agents (e.g., people) or by non-agents (e.g., record players, or computers running translation software). Recoding the content of a pre-existing information-bearing thing presupposes some instance of accessing it (i.e., of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AccessingAnIBT" class="cyc_term">AccessingAnIBT</a>). IBTRecoding musical communicating from composer to listener The communication of a musical idea from a composer to a listener. MusicalCommunicatingFromComposerToListener A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration_Original" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> is an event in which some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (hereafter IBT) is generated, where the content of the IBT generated is not a copy of the content of any previously created IBT. generation of an original information bearing thing IBTGeneration-Original divulging An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RevealingTrueInformation" class="cyc_term">RevealingTrueInformation</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RevealingInformation" class="cyc_term">RevealingInformation</a> in which all of the information revealed is true. RevealingTrueInformation issuing a prescription What doctors do when they write or call a pharmacy to say that a given patient should take a given drug according to some schedule. IssuingAPrescription promising MakingAPromise A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObligationCreatingEvent" class="cyc_term">ObligationCreatingEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAPromise" class="cyc_term">MakingAPromise</a> is an event in which someone promises to do something, thereby creating an obligation to do that thing. The collection of acknowledgements in which an invitation is declined. DecliningAnInvitation declining an invitation MakingAThreat A collection of all acts of making a threat. When an agent makes a threat, that agent conveys to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/recipientOfInfo" class="cyc_term">recipientOfInfo</a> that he wishes to make the content of the threat true. threatening ProtestMarch A (usually large) group of people walking together in order to protest something. Usually done at some relevant location (near government buildings, e.g.). Often signs or placards are carried. protest march indicting MakingACriminalCharge A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Accusing" class="cyc_term">Accusing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LegalProceeding" class="cyc_term">LegalProceeding</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingACriminalCharge" class="cyc_term">MakingACriminalCharge</a> is an action of making a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CriminalCharge" class="cyc_term">CriminalCharge</a> (q.v.). In most western legal systems, this is done by a court, to a legal agent. requesting an action be performed A collection of actions, many of which are speech acts. In each element of this collection, somebody requests that some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a> other than to be given some object(s) be performed. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IllocutionaryForce" class="cyc_term">IllocutionaryForce</a> associated with this action is <font color="#ff0000">#$Request</font>. RequestingAction asking for an autograph AskingForAnAutograph Intimidation-CommunicationAct intimidation A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intimidation_CommunicationAct" class="cyc_term">Intimidation_CommunicationAct</a> is a communication act in which the sender (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/senderOfInfo" class="cyc_term">senderOfInfo</a>) intentionally attempts to intimidate one or more other agents (who serve as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicationTarget" class="cyc_term">communicationTarget</a>s of the intimidation act). InitiatingTransaction-CommunicationAct initiating a transaction This collection denotes communication acts that serve as both an Offer and a Request that a transaction be made. If the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> is accepted, then there is an informal agreement. The collection of actions performed by one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_Generic" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> to greet another. Includes verbal and physical greetings. GreetingSomeone greeting BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> means that <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is <i>broader</i> than <code><b>TERM1</b></code>, in an extremely general sense of &quot;broader&quot;. For example, <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code><b>TERM1</b></code> if any of the following hold:<br><br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that subsumes <code><b>TERM1</b></code>; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as an instance; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as parts; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as a part; <br><br> This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm answering ReplyingToAQuestion Answering a question that someone or something has posed to you. A communication act in which agent x directs agent y to agent z, so that agent z can do something for agent y. referring MakingAReferral A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RequestingToMakeASale" class="cyc_term">RequestingToMakeASale</a> and <font color="#ff0000">#$Proposing-CommunicationAct</font>. Each instance of this collection is an act of communicating a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BidOnSale" class="cyc_term">BidOnSale</a> to a potential buyer. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GettingBids" class="cyc_term">GettingBids</a>. bidding Bidding creating an artifact CreatingAnArtifact A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. In every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreatingAnArtifact" class="cyc_term">CreatingAnArtifact</a>, an agent [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_Generic" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>] deliberately brings an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Generic" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Generic</a> into existence. This artifact may be tangible or intangible. Chiseling a marble statue, writing a computer program, or whistling a tune would all be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreatingAnArtifact" class="cyc_term">CreatingAnArtifact</a>. Two important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreatingAnArtifact" class="cyc_term">CreatingAnArtifact</a> are: (1) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration_Original" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a>, the creation of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>s expressing an original thought or idea. (2) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingSomething" class="cyc_term">MakingSomething</a>, where <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things are created. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/artifactsCreated" class="cyc_term">artifactsCreated</a>. Approval-CommunicationAct A collection of communication acts. In each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Approval_CommunicationAct" class="cyc_term">Approval_CommunicationAct</a>, an agent expresses an approval. Such approvals include: approving a loan application, endorsing a product, seconding or voting for a resolution proposed before an official body, condoning another agent's course of action. Note: Acts communicating some kind of approval do not entail subjective feelings of approval by the agent (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Approval" class="cyc_term">Approval</a>). Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Requesting_CommunicationAct" class="cyc_term">Requesting_CommunicationAct</a>. approval invitation Inviting-CommunicationAct Issuing an invitation to someone. The host suggesting that someone attend or participate in a specific event. requesting Requesting-CommunicationAct A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Requesting_CommunicationAct" class="cyc_term">Requesting_CommunicationAct</a> is a communication act in which one agent requests something of one or more other agents. Requests are typically followed by responses. Communicating, in some medium, a request to sell goods or services; specifies which items the potential buyer is interested in purchasing. This implies an obligation on the part of the performer/requestor to participate in the buying as specified by the (possibly implicit) terms of the request if these terms are accepted by the recipient of the request (ergo this is a kind of offering). RequestingToMakeASale requesting to make a sale TemporalStuffType type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code><b>COL</b></code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> (with <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> at or above <code><b>COL</b></code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code>. <p/> Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code><b>WALK</b></code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> of <code><b>WALK</b></code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. medical referral The collection of events in which one medical professional (or group) refers a client to another medical professional (or group). MedicalReferral A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration_Original" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> is an event in which some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (hereafter IBT) is generated, where the content of the IBT generated is not a copy of the content of any previously created IBT. generation of an original information bearing thing IBTGeneration-Original A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration_Original" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> is an event in which some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (hereafter IBT) is generated, where the content of the IBT generated is not a copy of the content of any previously created IBT. generation of an original information bearing thing IBTGeneration-Original prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String RequestingToMakeAPurchase purchase request Communicating, in some medium, a request to purchase goods or services; specifies which items the potential buyer is interested in purchasing. This implies an obligation on the part of the performer/requestor to participate in the buying as specified by the (possibly implicit) terms of the request if these terms are accepted by the recipient of the request (ergo this is a kind of offering). Reporting reporting A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Reporting" class="cyc_term">Reporting</a>, some agent imparts collected information to some other agent(s).