]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject" class="cyc_term">CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (or "IBO") is a physical object that can be interpreted to yield information. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> includes: (1) artifacts made solely for the purpose of conveying information (e.g., a newspaper, or a children's science video); (2) artifacts that convey information in addition to their intended function (e.g., Neolithic pottery); and (3) non-artifacts, such as a person's fingerprints or cellular DNA, which may be interpreted to yield information. See the comment on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> on the importance of distinguishing the many specializations of this collection from the many specializations of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> (information which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIT" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIT</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> (conceptual and/or artistic creations which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfWork" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>). An important specialization of this collection (which naturally includes most of the things asserted so far in the Cyc <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a> to be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>) is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> -- objects which can be interpreted to yield information by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/containsInformation" class="cyc_term">containsInformation</a>. ibo InformationBearingObject http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_people information-bearing objects ibos information-bearing object A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StructuredKnowledgeSource" class="cyc_term">StructuredKnowledgeSource</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RDFTripleStore_Physical" class="cyc_term">RDFTripleStore_Physical</a> is an IBO (either hardcopy or electronic) that stores RDF triples. RDFTripleStore-Physical RDF triple store physical A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s. Each element of OfficialRecord is a record of some agent and exists for a particular purpose. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PersonnelRecord" class="cyc_term">PersonnelRecord</a> may contain employee information and other facts that are pertinent to the functioning of a business. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialRecord" class="cyc_term">OfficialRecord</a>s are typically issued and generated by institutions and they are held to a higher degree of veracity and authenticity than a mere collection of data. For example, official financial records are 'official' enough to be used to file taxes, request a loan, or appear as evidence in a court of law. There is an important distinction between <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialDocument" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialRecord" class="cyc_term">OfficialRecord</a>. An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialRecord" class="cyc_term">OfficialRecord</a> may record the the number of passports issued to whom and on which date, but the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialDocument" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a> is the passport itself. In the same sense, a list of transactions for a business on a particular day is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialRecord" class="cyc_term">OfficialRecord</a>, the credit card receipts and tickets of sale are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialDocument" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a>s. One should read the comment for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialReport" class="cyc_term">OfficialReport</a> as a third distinction. official record OfficialRecord financial document The collection of documents that describe or are directly concerned with the finances of a person or organization FinancialDocument smog certificate The collection of information bearing objects which certify that an identified vehicle is within the pollution standards set for an administrative area. SmogCertificate a series of printed parallel lines or bars used on products in stores, addresses on envelopes, etc to encode information. Barcode barcode A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StructuredKnowledgeSource" class="cyc_term">StructuredKnowledgeSource</a>. Each instance of StreaminStructuredknowledgeSource is an electronic IBO that dynamically streams structured information. StreamingStructuredKnowledgeSource streaming structured knowledge source A collection of items that decorate the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Skin" class="cyc_term">Skin</a> or other surface of the body (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Tongue" class="cyc_term">Tongue</a>). Types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BodyArt" class="cyc_term">BodyArt</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Tattoo" class="cyc_term">Tattoo</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PiercedBodyPart" class="cyc_term">PiercedBodyPart</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Bodypaint" class="cyc_term">Bodypaint</a> applied to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Skin" class="cyc_term">Skin</a>, and scarring (a type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Tattoo" class="cyc_term">Tattoo</a>). BodyArt body art growth chart GrowthChart The collection of all growth charts. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GrowthChart" class="cyc_term">GrowthChart</a> is a chart that has markings for different heights. They are often hung in a child's bedroom or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Nursery_BabysRoom" class="cyc_term">Nursery_BabysRoom</a>. Children, with the help of their parents or guardians, use these charts to track their growth. information storage medium Items which can have (but don't necessarily have) information stored onto them that can be retrieved later. InformationStorageMedia declarative mood DeclarativeMood official report An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialReport" class="cyc_term">OfficialReport</a> serves to communicate an analysis of selected data in a published form. The report is often issued or generated by an institution that claims authority in the subject with which it is dealing. For example, the US Labor Department may collect employment statistics, write an analysis, and issue it as an annual report. Jouralistic reporting or personal reporting are not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialReport" class="cyc_term">OfficialReport</a>, although it may treat <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialReport" class="cyc_term">OfficialReport</a>s as evidence or news. There is a conceptual relationship with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialDocument" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OfficialRecord" class="cyc_term">OfficialRecord</a>. For example, an immigration document is the official form issued to legal immigrants; an immigration record is the record of who receives the immigration document, at what location, and at what time; an immigration report is issued by the appropriate governing body that analyzes immigration 'and other' records and may propose changes in policy. OfficialReport military order ibo A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s. Each instance is a written text conveying an order issued by one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MilitaryPerson" class="cyc_term">MilitaryPerson</a> to another of inferior rank or to an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MilitaryOrganization" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOrganization</a> that the issuer of the order is entitled to command. MilitaryOrder-IBO compass A device used to find directions, especially one which uses a magnet to point to magnetic north (a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MagneticCompass" class="cyc_term">MagneticCompass</a>), or a gyroscope to point to true north (a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GyroCompass" class="cyc_term">GyroCompass</a>). Compass chemical object bearing genetic information ChemicalGeneticIBT A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChemicalObject" class="cyc_term">ChemicalObject</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChemicalGeneticIBT" class="cyc_term">ChemicalGeneticIBT</a> are chemical objects that are considered to be bearing information in virtue of their ability to play functional roles in handling, reproduction, transmission and utilization of genetic information. Main specs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChemicalGeneticIBT" class="cyc_term">ChemicalGeneticIBT</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Nucleotide" class="cyc_term">Nucleotide</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Gene_HereditaryUnit" class="cyc_term">Gene_HereditaryUnit</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PolynucleotideMolecule" class="cyc_term">PolynucleotideMolecule</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GeneticInformationStructure" class="cyc_term">GeneticInformationStructure</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfGIS" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfGIS</a>. While the abstract information instantiated by instances of this collection could be instantiated in a non-chemical format, for example a list of letters, numbers and parentheses, a diagram of letters and line segments, a plastic model of balls and sticks, or some other means of conventionally representing the structure of such a chemical object, these other instantiations would not be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChemicalGeneticIBT" class="cyc_term">ChemicalGeneticIBT</a> but would be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SymbolicObject" class="cyc_term">SymbolicObject</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WrittenCharacterSequence" class="cyc_term">WrittenCharacterSequence</a>. recording The collection of recordings (audio or video), each of which has a specific, timed length. For example, a video of a birthday party might have a length of 60 minutes. RecordingOfWaveIBT Database-Physical A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StructuredKnowledgeSource" class="cyc_term">StructuredKnowledgeSource</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Database_Physical" class="cyc_term">Database_Physical</a> is an IBO (either hardcopy or electronic) that stores many pieces of information, organized for easy scanning and access. Typically, a database involves one or more formatted data record schemes, together with some functionality for searching and retrieving data. Note that, as an IBO, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Database_Physical" class="cyc_term">Database_Physical</a> is some particular, tangible copy of a database. To refer to the abstract "content" of a database, use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Database_AbstractContent" class="cyc_term">Database_AbstractContent</a>, which is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. For computer programs which deal with databases, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DatabaseProgram" class="cyc_term">DatabaseProgram</a>. database interrogative mood InterrogativeMood TrafficLight stoplight A thing which usually hangs over roads near intersections and tells cars when they must stop, go, or slow. railway signal RailwaySignal A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Signal" class="cyc_term">Signal</a>; each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RailwaySignal" class="cyc_term">RailwaySignal</a> indicates the beginning of a section of track that may have to be shared with other trains; thus it regulates whether trains can move or stop. gauge The collection of all gauges, which are devices used to make measurements. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MeasuringDevice" class="cyc_term">MeasuringDevice</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Gauge" class="cyc_term">Gauge</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. Gauge ImperativeMood imperative mood IBOAboutEvent object bearing information about an event The collection of IBOs which are event-centered. The collection of all connected regions on an active computer screen. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SurfaceRegion_Bounded" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Bounded</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SurfaceRegion_Finite" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Finite</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SurfaceRegion_Tangible" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Tangible</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerDisplayScreenRegion" class="cyc_term">ComputerDisplayScreenRegion</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. computer display screen region ComputerDisplayScreenRegion The collection of all hand-written documents. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AuthenticationSource" class="cyc_term">AuthenticationSource</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextualMaterial" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HandwrittenDocument" class="cyc_term">HandwrittenDocument</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AuthenticationSourceType" class="cyc_term">AuthenticationSourceType</a>. hand-written document HandwrittenDocument PeriodicalCopy The collection of all periodicals. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BooksAndMagazinesMarketCategory" class="cyc_term">BooksAndMagazinesMarketCategory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MediaProduct" class="cyc_term">MediaProduct</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextualMaterial" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PublishedIBT" class="cyc_term">PublishedIBT</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PeriodicalCopy" class="cyc_term">PeriodicalCopy</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextualMaterialTypeByFunction" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterialTypeByFunction</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a>. periodical The collection of all instances of remains or imprints of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Plant" class="cyc_term">Plant</a>s or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Animal" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>s preserved from prehistoric times by the operation of natural conditions. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Fossil" class="cyc_term">Fossil</a>s are found in sedimentary rock, asphalt deposits, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Coal" class="cyc_term">Coal</a> and sometimes in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Amber" class="cyc_term">Amber</a> and certain other materials. Fossil fossil A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBT" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBT</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> is an object (i.e. an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>) that can be interpreted by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> to yield information. Examples include street signs, product wrappings and roulette wheels. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s requiring a device to convert them into human understandable form (such as DVDs) are not included. Most instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a>. Objects such as Braille book copies, however, are not (since they are not interpreted visually). Objects that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBT" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBT</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StillImageSource" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> fall into the collection defined as the intersection of these three -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HardcopyInformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>. HumanAccessibleIBO human culture specific information bearing object Ballot-IBO ballot record The collection of all IBOs which instantiate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Ballot_CW" class="cyc_term">Ballot_CW</a>s. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RecordedIBO" class="cyc_term">RecordedIBO</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> that was produced as the result of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationRecordingProcess" class="cyc_term">InformationRecordingProcess</a> (q.v.). Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudioRecordedObject" class="cyc_term">AudioRecordedObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VideoRecordedObject" class="cyc_term">VideoRecordedObject</a>. RecordedIBO recorded IBO Documents which convey the results of one or more medical tests. MedicalTestResultReport medical test result report A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PoweredDevice" class="cyc_term">PoweredDevice</a>. Each instance of this collection is a system used for computing purposes. It includes as specializations both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Computer" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerNetwork" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. Anything that can be said about both collections can more efficiently be stated about this collection. For example, instead of saying that system administrators maintain instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Computer" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputerNetwork" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>, one can simply say that system administrators maintain instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComputationalSystem" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. computational system ComputationalSystem The Quote Request Document TheQuoteRequestDocument A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properPhysicalDecompositions" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingStuffType" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. type of object ExistingObjectType spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LatitudeLine" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompactDisc_Audio" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PlanetaryBody" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointRegionType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GeographicalRegion" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/City" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TrueContinent" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). information and CWs topic InformationAndCWs-Topic information-bearing thing InformationBearingThing A collection of spatially-localized individuals, including various actions and events as well as physical objects. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (or "IBT") is an item that contains information (for an agent who knows how to interpret it). Examples: a copy of the novel Moby Dick; a signal buoy; a photograph; an elevator sign in Braille; a map; a US dollar bill; a resume; a musical score; copies of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CycProgram" class="cyc_term">CycProgram</a>. For representations of the propositional content of information bearing things, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PropositionalInformationThing" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>; but note that not all IBTs have a propositional content (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtObject" class="cyc_term">ArtObject</a>). An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>, which comprises all of those IBTs that are also physical objects (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>s). Though often a subtle task in particular contexts, it is important to distinguish the various specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> from those of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> (whose instances are the chunks of information instantiated in particular IBTs; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIT" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIT</a>) and from those of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> (whose instances are the conceptual or artistic creations that are instantiated in particular IBTs; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfWork" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>). For instance, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextString" class="cyc_term">TextString</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextualMaterial" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextualPCW" class="cyc_term">TextualPCW</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>; to conflate any of these with another would be to make a "category error". Also note that events in which information is transferred (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a>) are not considered instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. Rather, such transfer events have as one of their participants (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/actors" class="cyc_term">actors</a>) some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>; though in cases where IBTs are themselves events this will require distinguishing very finely between the event that encodes the information and the event that is the information transfer. See also the sense-modality-based specializations, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SoundInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">SoundInformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a>. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject" class="cyc_term">CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (or "IBO") is a physical object that can be interpreted to yield information. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> includes: (1) artifacts made solely for the purpose of conveying information (e.g., a newspaper, or a children's science video); (2) artifacts that convey information in addition to their intended function (e.g., Neolithic pottery); and (3) non-artifacts, such as a person's fingerprints or cellular DNA, which may be interpreted to yield information. See the comment on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> on the importance of distinguishing the many specializations of this collection from the many specializations of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> (information which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIT" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIT</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> (conceptual and/or artistic creations which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfWork" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>). An important specialization of this collection (which naturally includes most of the things asserted so far in the Cyc <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a> to be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>) is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> -- objects which can be interpreted to yield information by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/containsInformation" class="cyc_term">containsInformation</a>. ibo InformationBearingObject A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject" class="cyc_term">CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (or "IBO") is a physical object that can be interpreted to yield information. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> includes: (1) artifacts made solely for the purpose of conveying information (e.g., a newspaper, or a children's science video); (2) artifacts that convey information in addition to their intended function (e.g., Neolithic pottery); and (3) non-artifacts, such as a person's fingerprints or cellular DNA, which may be interpreted to yield information. See the comment on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> on the importance of distinguishing the many specializations of this collection from the many specializations of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> (information which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIT" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIT</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> (conceptual and/or artistic creations which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfWork" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>). An important specialization of this collection (which naturally includes most of the things asserted so far in the Cyc <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a> to be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>) is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> -- objects which can be interpreted to yield information by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/containsInformation" class="cyc_term">containsInformation</a>. ibo InformationBearingObject A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject" class="cyc_term">CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (or "IBO") is a physical object that can be interpreted to yield information. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> includes: (1) artifacts made solely for the purpose of conveying information (e.g., a newspaper, or a children's science video); (2) artifacts that convey information in addition to their intended function (e.g., Neolithic pottery); and (3) non-artifacts, such as a person's fingerprints or cellular DNA, which may be interpreted to yield information. See the comment on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> on the importance of distinguishing the many specializations of this collection from the many specializations of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> (information which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIT" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIT</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> (conceptual and/or artistic creations which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfWork" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>). An important specialization of this collection (which naturally includes most of the things asserted so far in the Cyc <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a> to be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>) is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> -- objects which can be interpreted to yield information by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/containsInformation" class="cyc_term">containsInformation</a>. ibo InformationBearingObject (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/wikipediaArticleURL" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in #$Wikipedia-WebSite THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL wikipediaArticleURL A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject" class="cyc_term">CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (or "IBO") is a physical object that can be interpreted to yield information. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> includes: (1) artifacts made solely for the purpose of conveying information (e.g., a newspaper, or a children's science video); (2) artifacts that convey information in addition to their intended function (e.g., Neolithic pottery); and (3) non-artifacts, such as a person's fingerprints or cellular DNA, which may be interpreted to yield information. See the comment on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> on the importance of distinguishing the many specializations of this collection from the many specializations of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> (information which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIT" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIT</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> (conceptual and/or artistic creations which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfWork" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>). An important specialization of this collection (which naturally includes most of the things asserted so far in the Cyc <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a> to be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>) is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> -- objects which can be interpreted to yield information by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/containsInformation" class="cyc_term">containsInformation</a>. ibo InformationBearingObject BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject" class="cyc_term">CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (or "IBO") is a physical object that can be interpreted to yield information. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> includes: (1) artifacts made solely for the purpose of conveying information (e.g., a newspaper, or a children's science video); (2) artifacts that convey information in addition to their intended function (e.g., Neolithic pottery); and (3) non-artifacts, such as a person's fingerprints or cellular DNA, which may be interpreted to yield information. See the comment on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> on the importance of distinguishing the many specializations of this collection from the many specializations of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> (information which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIT" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIT</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> (conceptual and/or artistic creations which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfWork" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>). An important specialization of this collection (which naturally includes most of the things asserted so far in the Cyc <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a> to be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>) is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> -- objects which can be interpreted to yield information by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/containsInformation" class="cyc_term">containsInformation</a>. ibo InformationBearingObject CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject The collection of individuals that have both a tangible and an intangible component. Instances include people (who have bodies and minds), information bearing objects (which consist of intangible information encoded in a tangible object, such as the music on a CD or the text in a book), and many other things. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject" class="cyc_term">CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject</a>, being partially tangible, exists in time (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>). Although occasionally it can be useful to reify separately the tangible and intangible components of a composite object (e.g. to state certain things about Lenin's body as opposed to his mind), in most cases it is sufficient simply to reify the composite. composite tangible and intangible thing prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String