]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. information bearing wave propagation Mx4rv4NEApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA InformationBearingWavePropagation A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WavePropagation" class="cyc_term">WavePropagation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a> is a wave propagation event that carries information for interpreters who understand its conventions. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Music" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualImage" class="cyc_term">VisualImage</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpokenUtterance_IBT" class="cyc_term">SpokenUtterance_IBT</a>. information bearing wave propagations A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimalSound" class="cyc_term">AnimalSound</a> is a sound of a type which originally was, and typically is, made by an animal using just its body parts (though such a sound may subsequently have been reproduced by imitation or recording). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimalSound" class="cyc_term">AnimalSound</a>s include instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Birdsong" class="cyc_term">Birdsong</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NeighingSound" class="cyc_term">NeighingSound</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurringSound" class="cyc_term">PurringSound</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BarkingSound" class="cyc_term">BarkingSound</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrayingSound" class="cyc_term">BrayingSound</a>. Note that the restriction to sounds produced by body parts alone excludes noises produced by moving external objects; consequently, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimalSound" class="cyc_term">AnimalSound</a> does _not_ include rustling the leaves underfoot, splashing water, or playing a musical instrument. Note that this collection is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BodyMovementEvent" class="cyc_term">BodyMovementEvent</a>, since it refers to animal sounds themselves, not to the activity of making animal sounds (though events of both types usually accompany one another. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EmittingSound" class="cyc_term">EmittingSound</a> for the latter.) animal noise AnimalSound The collection of all microwave transmissions. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MicrowaveRadiation" class="cyc_term">MicrowaveRadiation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a>. (TransmissionOfRadiationTypeFn MicrowaveRadiation) microwave transmission (TransmissionOfRadiationTypeFn RadioWave) Transmission Of Radiation Type Fn radio wave The collection of information bearing objects that exist (i.e., are stored and displayed) by means of electro-mechanical devices such as computers. This might also include holography, telephone signals, radio transmissions (while they exist as radio waves, not when they exist as sound), etc. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Signal" class="cyc_term">Signal</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a>. ElectroMagneticIBT electro magnetic information bearing thing A collection of elements of DiscreteTimeSignal whose attributes have only one of two values, 0 and 1. BinarySignal binary signal moving image with sound MovingImageWithSound The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a>s that are artifacts (i.e., instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_Intangible" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Intangible</a>) and have <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subEvents" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MovingImage" class="cyc_term">MovingImage</a>s. By default, they have <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SoundInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">SoundInformationBearingThing</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subEvents" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> as well, but there are some exceptions, such as silent movies. This collection includes the visual and audio aspects of movies, tv shows, TV commercials, multimedia presentations, computer games, etc. Some instances are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MediaProduct" class="cyc_term">MediaProduct</a>s, while others are amateur. sound information bearing thing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudibleSound" class="cyc_term">AudibleSound</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SoundInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">SoundInformationBearingThing</a> is an sound which is audible by, and thereby capable of providing information to, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. (This information need not necessarily be in propositional form.) This collection does not include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a>s that require the use of some sort of electronic device to be rendered in the form of audible sound; thus <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadioWave" class="cyc_term">RadioWave</a> is not a specialization. Genuine specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Music" class="cyc_term">Music</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimalUtterance_IBT" class="cyc_term">AnimalUtterance_IBT</a>. Note that, despite the use of the word `Thing' in the name of this constant, it refers to the sound alone, not to the thing that makes the sound (e.g. if one's CD player is pumping out music, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SoundInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">SoundInformationBearingThing</a> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Music" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, not the player). Thus, no one thing can be an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SoundInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">SoundInformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a> (e.g.). SoundInformationBearingThing VisualImage A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualImage" class="cyc_term">VisualImage</a> is an event in which visible light is generated in a particular pattern, which (does or might) contain information for an observer. Visual images may be produced by illuminating some tangible object -- a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a> (such as a photograph, movie film, or page of print), or by direct manipulation of light(s) to produce a pattern (e.g., nautical code lights). Visual images may be instantaneous or extended in time. Visual images may be classified (among other ways) by features of their appearance (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ColorImage" class="cyc_term">ColorImage</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BlackAndWhiteImage" class="cyc_term">BlackAndWhiteImage</a>), by their origin (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/XRayImage" class="cyc_term">XRayImage</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PenOrPencilDrawing" class="cyc_term">PenOrPencilDrawing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SatelliteImage" class="cyc_term">SatelliteImage</a>), or by their content (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LandscapeImage" class="cyc_term">LandscapeImage</a>). image The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a>s which are sequences of images and (usually) sounds produced when a recorded instantiation of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Movie_CW" class="cyc_term">Movie_CW</a> is played for an audience with a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MediaPlayingDevice" class="cyc_term">MediaPlayingDevice</a> such as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MovieProjector" class="cyc_term">MovieProjector</a> or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DVDPlayer" class="cyc_term">DVDPlayer</a>. movie showing MovieShowing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> (q.v.) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a> each instance of which involves at least one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>, either as its source (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/informationOrigin" class="cyc_term">informationOrigin</a>), as (at least one of) its destination(s) (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/informationDestination" class="cyc_term">informationDestination</a>), or both. (A partially tangible source or destination, note, must pre-exist the transfer event.) Indeed, most if not all actual information transfer events are physical events; but <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferPhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferPhysicalEvent</a> does in principle exclude those such as telepathic communications between disembodied spirits or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_Intangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_Intangible</a>s. physical information transfer InformationTransferPhysicalEvent Signal signal A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (IBT). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Signal" class="cyc_term">Signal</a> is an IBT which may be interpreted (whether by a conscious user of learned signalling rules, by a computer program, or even by a cell in terms of its subsequent behaviour) as conveying some specific information. Examples include car-horn honkings, internet packets, and proteins which travel into cells across the plasma membrane. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a>. Note that this collection is intended to embrace only signals themselves, not events of signalling. On the importance of keeping these two separate, see the comment on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. The distinction between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SymbolicThing" class="cyc_term">SymbolicThing</a> lies in the fact that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Signal" class="cyc_term">Signal</a>s are one-time-only transfers of specific information, whereas a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SymbolicThing" class="cyc_term">SymbolicThing</a> is open to its characteristic interpretation any time it is encountered. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/signifiesTo" class="cyc_term">signifiesTo</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/signifies" class="cyc_term">signifies</a>. information and CWs topic InformationAndCWs-Topic wave propagation WavePropagation A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Translocation" class="cyc_term">Translocation</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WavePropagation" class="cyc_term">WavePropagation</a> is an event in which a wavelike disturbance propagates through space, with or without a medium. A wave propagation is like a translational movement (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Movement_TranslationEvent" class="cyc_term">Movement_TranslationEvent</a>) in that it can have both a starting and an ending point (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/fromLocation" class="cyc_term">fromLocation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/toLocation" class="cyc_term">toLocation</a>), but differs from a translational motion in that there is no object moving (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectMoving" class="cyc_term">objectMoving</a>). Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WavePropagation" class="cyc_term">WavePropagation</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ElectromagneticRadiation" class="cyc_term">ElectromagneticRadiation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Sound" class="cyc_term">Sound</a>. information bearing wave propagation InformationBearingWavePropagation A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WavePropagation" class="cyc_term">WavePropagation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a> is a wave propagation event that carries information for interpreters who understand its conventions. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Music" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualImage" class="cyc_term">VisualImage</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpokenUtterance_IBT" class="cyc_term">SpokenUtterance_IBT</a>. information bearing wave propagation InformationBearingWavePropagation A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WavePropagation" class="cyc_term">WavePropagation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a> is a wave propagation event that carries information for interpreters who understand its conventions. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Music" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualImage" class="cyc_term">VisualImage</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpokenUtterance_IBT" class="cyc_term">SpokenUtterance_IBT</a>. information bearing wave propagation InformationBearingWavePropagation A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WavePropagation" class="cyc_term">WavePropagation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a> is a wave propagation event that carries information for interpreters who understand its conventions. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Music" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualImage" class="cyc_term">VisualImage</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpokenUtterance_IBT" class="cyc_term">SpokenUtterance_IBT</a>. information bearing wave propagation InformationBearingWavePropagation A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WavePropagation" class="cyc_term">WavePropagation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a> is a wave propagation event that carries information for interpreters who understand its conventions. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingWavePropagation" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Music" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualImage" class="cyc_term">VisualImage</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpokenUtterance_IBT" class="cyc_term">SpokenUtterance_IBT</a>. TemporalStuffType type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code><b>COL</b></code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> (with <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> at or above <code><b>COL</b></code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code>. <p/> Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code><b>WALK</b></code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> of <code><b>WALK</b></code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String