]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AttemptingFn" class="cyc_term">AttemptingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>), and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Pretending" class="cyc_term">Pretending</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a> is an event in which the performer is not telling the truth, believes that what he is saying is not true, and intends to be saying what he says to get his audience to believe what he says. Lying Mx4rvViR3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA lying had deceived will lie had fibbed prevaricate fibbed prevarication prevaricated deceived has prevaricated prevaricating prevarications fabrication has deceived had lied have deceived prevaricates have fibbed deceive have lied deceives deceiving will deceive will have deceived fabrications will fib have prevaricated lies had prevaricated has fibbed fibbing will have lied fib will prevaricate lied deception deceptions lie will have prevaricated has lied fibs will have fibbed A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Romancing_Lying" class="cyc_term">Romancing_Lying</a>, someone tells romantic or exaggerated lies. romancing Romancing-Lying A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AttemptingFn" class="cyc_term">AttemptingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>), and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Pretending" class="cyc_term">Pretending</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a> is an event in which the performer is not telling the truth, believes that what he is saying is not true, and intends to be saying what he says to get his audience to believe what he says. Lying lying A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AttemptingFn" class="cyc_term">AttemptingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>), and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Pretending" class="cyc_term">Pretending</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a> is an event in which the performer is not telling the truth, believes that what he is saying is not true, and intends to be saying what he says to get his audience to believe what he says. Lying lying informing Informing A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/senderOfInfo" class="cyc_term">senderOfInfo</a> conveys some piece of propositional information--i.e. information of the sort that can be true or false. The information conveyed in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a> is presented by the sender as being true, though it may in fact be false. Thus, passing on misinformation counts as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>, as do acts of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>. Note that the propositional nature of the information conveyed in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a> may be implicit; for example, if Alice asks 'What's your favorite color?' and Bob simply responds 'Red', Bob has implicitly conveyed the proposition Bob's favorite color is red. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Reporting" class="cyc_term">Reporting</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Testifying" class="cyc_term">Testifying</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnnouncingSomething" class="cyc_term">AnnouncingSomething</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AttemptingFn" class="cyc_term">AttemptingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>), and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Pretending" class="cyc_term">Pretending</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a> is an event in which the performer is not telling the truth, believes that what he is saying is not true, and intends to be saying what he says to get his audience to believe what he says. Lying lying (AttemptingFn Lying) attempt to perform lying A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AttemptingFn" class="cyc_term">AttemptingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>), and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Pretending" class="cyc_term">Pretending</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a> is an event in which the performer is not telling the truth, believes that what he is saying is not true, and intends to be saying what he says to get his audience to believe what he says. Lying lying A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Informing" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AttemptingFn" class="cyc_term">AttemptingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>), and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Pretending" class="cyc_term">Pretending</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Lying" class="cyc_term">Lying</a> is an event in which the performer is not telling the truth, believes that what he is saying is not true, and intends to be saying what he says to get his audience to believe what he says. Lying lying A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally object-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally object-like just in case it generally holds that any proper purely temporal parts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>. More precisely, a collection <code>COL</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> just in case it satisfies the following: For any distinct <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then not <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. For example, none of the proper time-slices of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is itself a calendar year. Likewise for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Conversely, a proper time-slice of a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Date" class="cyc_term">Date</a> might itself be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Date" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (e.g. an hour has minutes and seconds as time-slices); so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Date" class="cyc_term">Date</a> is not a temporal-object-type. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally stuff-like. TemporalObjectType temporal object type This is the collection of activities which must first be learned before they can be performed--i.e., before any role which is a specPred of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> can be played. learned activity LearnedActivityType Pretending pretending A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanActivity" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulPhysicalAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Pretending" class="cyc_term">Pretending</a> is an action in which a person pretends that something is true. prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String