]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. MusicalInstrument musical instrument Mx4rvVjI6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA A collection of physical devices. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> is a device that (in the standard case) is designed to be manipulated by a person to generate music -- that is, s/he successively plays the notes of the music by manipulating the instrument during the playing. Possibly the player also supplies by muscle power the force that produces the sound, but possibly it uses another power source (e.g., electricity, or steam). The music may or may not be of his or her own composition, but the player's actions determine that the notes are produced by the instrument (in the standard sense). Note: If the directive role of the human player is subsumed by the device -- as it is, e.g., by some electronic instruments which are programmable and/or pre-programmed to produce music or musical sounds -- the device loses some of its instrument-like quality, and some automated uses may be abnormal cases of `playing' an instrument. An older but analogous example is: player pianos. If the device is pre-programmed so that humans can't direct the music at all, then the device is not a musical instrument (but a musical device) -- for example, music boxes. Also excluded from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> are devices which produce music `at random' (such as wind chimes). Devices such as radios, tape decks, CD players, which are used to play wholly pre-recorded or otherwise other-controlled music, are also not included in this collection. musical instruments instruments instrument music keyboard Instances of this collection are musical instruments which are played by means of a standard musical keyboard. In cases where such instances are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument_Acoustic" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument_Acoustic</a>, the instance will also be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StringInstrument" class="cyc_term">StringInstrument</a>: paradigm cases are the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Harpsichord" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, where striking a key causes a string to be plucked, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Piano_Acoustic" class="cyc_term">Piano_Acoustic</a>, where striking a key causes a string to be hammered. However, since the advent of the electronic age, many kinds of electronic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Keyboard_MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">Keyboard_MusicalInstrument</a> have been produced which are not stringed instruments. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ElectronicMusicalKeyboard" class="cyc_term">ElectronicMusicalKeyboard</a>. Keyboard-MusicalInstrument Accordion accordion The collection of all accordions. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_HumanCreated" class="cyc_term">Artifact_HumanCreated</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PortableObject" class="cyc_term">PortableObject</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Accordion" class="cyc_term">Accordion</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. MusicalInstrument-Electronic electric instrument The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a>s which produce sound electronically rather than physically. The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a>s with strings which are made to vibrate (via bowing, plucking or striking) to produce sound. StringInstrument stringed instrument MusicalInstrument-Acoustic The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a>s that is not powered by electronic or some other `artificial' means. Some specializations e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PercussionInstrument" class="cyc_term">PercussionInstrument</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WoodwindInstrument" class="cyc_term">WoodwindInstrument</a>, etc are default rather than monotonic, because there are rare exceptions such as electronic clarinet, electronic drums and such. acoustic instrument MusicalInstrument musical instrument A collection of physical devices. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> is a device that (in the standard case) is designed to be manipulated by a person to generate music -- that is, s/he successively plays the notes of the music by manipulating the instrument during the playing. Possibly the player also supplies by muscle power the force that produces the sound, but possibly it uses another power source (e.g., electricity, or steam). The music may or may not be of his or her own composition, but the player's actions determine that the notes are produced by the instrument (in the standard sense). Note: If the directive role of the human player is subsumed by the device -- as it is, e.g., by some electronic instruments which are programmable and/or pre-programmed to produce music or musical sounds -- the device loses some of its instrument-like quality, and some automated uses may be abnormal cases of `playing' an instrument. An older but analogous example is: player pianos. If the device is pre-programmed so that humans can't direct the music at all, then the device is not a musical instrument (but a musical device) -- for example, music boxes. Also excluded from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> are devices which produce music `at random' (such as wind chimes). Devices such as radios, tape decks, CD players, which are used to play wholly pre-recorded or otherwise other-controlled music, are also not included in this collection. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properPhysicalDecompositions" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExistingStuffType" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. type of object ExistingObjectType An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SecondOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtifactType" class="cyc_term">ArtifactType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s grouped together according to some feature(s) other than brand or model. kind of artifact not distinguished by brand or model ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LatitudeLine" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompactDisc_Audio" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PlanetaryBody" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointRegionType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GeographicalRegion" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/City" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TrueContinent" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). MusicalInstrument musical instrument A collection of physical devices. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> is a device that (in the standard case) is designed to be manipulated by a person to generate music -- that is, s/he successively plays the notes of the music by manipulating the instrument during the playing. Possibly the player also supplies by muscle power the force that produces the sound, but possibly it uses another power source (e.g., electricity, or steam). The music may or may not be of his or her own composition, but the player's actions determine that the notes are produced by the instrument (in the standard sense). Note: If the directive role of the human player is subsumed by the device -- as it is, e.g., by some electronic instruments which are programmable and/or pre-programmed to produce music or musical sounds -- the device loses some of its instrument-like quality, and some automated uses may be abnormal cases of `playing' an instrument. An older but analogous example is: player pianos. If the device is pre-programmed so that humans can't direct the music at all, then the device is not a musical instrument (but a musical device) -- for example, music boxes. Also excluded from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> are devices which produce music `at random' (such as wind chimes). Devices such as radios, tape decks, CD players, which are used to play wholly pre-recorded or otherwise other-controlled music, are also not included in this collection. MusicalInstrument musical instrument A collection of physical devices. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> is a device that (in the standard case) is designed to be manipulated by a person to generate music -- that is, s/he successively plays the notes of the music by manipulating the instrument during the playing. Possibly the player also supplies by muscle power the force that produces the sound, but possibly it uses another power source (e.g., electricity, or steam). The music may or may not be of his or her own composition, but the player's actions determine that the notes are produced by the instrument (in the standard sense). Note: If the directive role of the human player is subsumed by the device -- as it is, e.g., by some electronic instruments which are programmable and/or pre-programmed to produce music or musical sounds -- the device loses some of its instrument-like quality, and some automated uses may be abnormal cases of `playing' an instrument. An older but analogous example is: player pianos. If the device is pre-programmed so that humans can't direct the music at all, then the device is not a musical instrument (but a musical device) -- for example, music boxes. Also excluded from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> are devices which produce music `at random' (such as wind chimes). Devices such as radios, tape decks, CD players, which are used to play wholly pre-recorded or otherwise other-controlled music, are also not included in this collection. The collection of all things that are typically collected as a hobby. A (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CollectionUnionFn" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TheSet" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FacetInstanceCollection" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a>)). Collectible collectable MusicalInstrument musical instrument A collection of physical devices. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> is a device that (in the standard case) is designed to be manipulated by a person to generate music -- that is, s/he successively plays the notes of the music by manipulating the instrument during the playing. Possibly the player also supplies by muscle power the force that produces the sound, but possibly it uses another power source (e.g., electricity, or steam). The music may or may not be of his or her own composition, but the player's actions determine that the notes are produced by the instrument (in the standard sense). Note: If the directive role of the human player is subsumed by the device -- as it is, e.g., by some electronic instruments which are programmable and/or pre-programmed to produce music or musical sounds -- the device loses some of its instrument-like quality, and some automated uses may be abnormal cases of `playing' an instrument. An older but analogous example is: player pianos. If the device is pre-programmed so that humans can't direct the music at all, then the device is not a musical instrument (but a musical device) -- for example, music boxes. Also excluded from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> are devices which produce music `at random' (such as wind chimes). Devices such as radios, tape decks, CD players, which are used to play wholly pre-recorded or otherwise other-controlled music, are also not included in this collection. user-guided device <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Device_UserControlled" class="cyc_term">Device_UserControlled</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalDevice" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Device_UserControlled" class="cyc_term">Device_UserControlled</a> is an artifact which is normally controlled by its user while serving its intended function(s). The artifact may be guided during part or all of its operation, and the user may guide it by hand or some other means of interaction. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Tool" class="cyc_term">Tool</a> is an important specialization of this collection, and further examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Device_UserControlled" class="cyc_term">Device_UserControlled</a> include instances of the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PomPom" class="cyc_term">PomPom</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Van" class="cyc_term">Van</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Spoon" class="cyc_term">Spoon</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ToiletPaper" class="cyc_term">ToiletPaper</a>. This collection does not include those devices which merely require some user intervention to get started or to be set up, e.g., instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SofaBed" class="cyc_term">SofaBed</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Holster" class="cyc_term">Holster</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LightBulbIncandescent" class="cyc_term">LightBulbIncandescent</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ManualCarWindow" class="cyc_term">ManualCarWindow</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AutomaticCarWindow" class="cyc_term">AutomaticCarWindow</a> are also not included, since they do not require user guidance while performing their main task (keeping out the wind), although they can be adjusted by the user. Device-UserControlled device that is not a weapon (CollectionDifferenceFn PhysicalDevice Weapon) MusicalInstrument musical instrument A collection of physical devices. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> is a device that (in the standard case) is designed to be manipulated by a person to generate music -- that is, s/he successively plays the notes of the music by manipulating the instrument during the playing. Possibly the player also supplies by muscle power the force that produces the sound, but possibly it uses another power source (e.g., electricity, or steam). The music may or may not be of his or her own composition, but the player's actions determine that the notes are produced by the instrument (in the standard sense). Note: If the directive role of the human player is subsumed by the device -- as it is, e.g., by some electronic instruments which are programmable and/or pre-programmed to produce music or musical sounds -- the device loses some of its instrument-like quality, and some automated uses may be abnormal cases of `playing' an instrument. An older but analogous example is: player pianos. If the device is pre-programmed so that humans can't direct the music at all, then the device is not a musical instrument (but a musical device) -- for example, music boxes. Also excluded from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicalInstrument" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> are devices which produce music `at random' (such as wind chimes). Devices such as radios, tape decks, CD players, which are used to play wholly pre-recorded or otherwise other-controlled music, are also not included in this collection. The collection of all musical equipment. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DurableGood" class="cyc_term">DurableGood</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalDevice" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicEquipment" class="cyc_term">MusicEquipment</a> is a type of temporal thing that is frequently for sale about music and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyDisjointObjectType" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. MusicEquipment musical equipment candidate KB completeness node CandidateKBCompletenessNode SpecializationsOfPhysicalDevice-Device-Topic specializations of physical device device topic prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String