]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A collection of information transfer events; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a> is a transmission of information that is not in the form of language. Thus spoken, written, and sign-language communications are excluded. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ShakingHands" class="cyc_term">ShakingHands</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cuddling" class="cyc_term">Cuddling</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAGesture" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> is not a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, since instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAGesture" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> are merely information-encodings, upon which communication (even verbal communication, in the case sign-language) might or might not occur). non-verbal communication NonVerbalCommunicating Mx4rvViPa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Caressing caress The collection of events in which someone is caressed. PuttingArmAroundSomeone The collection of all events in which a person puts his or her arm around another person. Usually this is an expression of concern or affection. putting arm around someone extending hand to shake An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExtendingHandToShake" class="cyc_term">ExtendingHandToShake</a> involves one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SocialBeing" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> extending his hand to another person to shake hands. If the other person reciprocates the action, then you have a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ShakingHands" class="cyc_term">ShakingHands</a> event. The person who initiates this action usually is attempting to convey to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Friendliness" class="cyc_term">Friendliness</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GoodWill" class="cyc_term">GoodWill</a>. By convention, this action is typically performed with the right hand (see (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RightObjectOfPairFn" class="cyc_term">RightObjectOfPairFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Hand" class="cyc_term">Hand</a>)). ExtendingHandToShake Cuddling cuddling Action where two creatures stay in physical contact because they like each other. Cuddling is comforting and expresses affection. The collection of events involving oral stimulation of the genitals. OralSex oral sex A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InternetBroadcasting" class="cyc_term">InternetBroadcasting</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event whereby a camera transmits images 'live' to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WorldWideWebSite" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWebSite</a>. WebcamBroadcasting webcam broadcasting An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ShakingHands" class="cyc_term">ShakingHands</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TouchingEvent" class="cyc_term">TouchingEvent</a> in which two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SocialBeing" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a>s link <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Hand" class="cyc_term">Hand</a>s and shake them briefly, usually to express <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Friendliness" class="cyc_term">Friendliness</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GoodWill" class="cyc_term">GoodWill</a>, and often to acknowledge the making of an agreement (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>). By convention, this action is typically performed with the right hand (see (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RightObjectOfPairFn" class="cyc_term">RightObjectOfPairFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Hand" class="cyc_term">Hand</a>)). handshake ShakingHands HighFivingSomeone high fiving someone SexualCopulation In the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BaseKB" class="cyc_term">BaseKB</a>, this refers to the act of two animals engaged in sexual copulation. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanActivitiesMt" class="cyc_term">HumanActivitiesMt</a> (and related Mts) for assertions about this activity by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s. sexual intercourse MusicalCommunicating The communication of a musical idea. musical communicating visual communication VisualCommunicating A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualCommunicating" class="cyc_term">VisualCommunicating</a> is an action in which information is transmitted by visual media. Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualCommunicating" class="cyc_term">VisualCommunicating</a> has at least one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicationToken" class="cyc_term">communicationToken</a> (q.v.) which is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a>. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualCommunicating" class="cyc_term">VisualCommunicating</a> include: a performance by mime Marcel Marceau; Seiji Ozawa conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra; a policeman directing traffic; shaking a fist at someone in anger; sending a message with flags, light pulses, or smoke signals. Two people wrap their arms around one another to show their affection for each other. Hugging hugging PattingOnTheBack patting on the back The collection of actions in which a person pats another person on the back, as a gesture of approval, encouragement, congratulations, or consolation. information and CWs topic InformationAndCWs-Topic A collection of information transfer events; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a> is a transmission of information that is not in the form of language. Thus spoken, written, and sign-language communications are excluded. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ShakingHands" class="cyc_term">ShakingHands</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cuddling" class="cyc_term">Cuddling</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAGesture" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> is not a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, since instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAGesture" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> are merely information-encodings, upon which communication (even verbal communication, in the case sign-language) might or might not occur). non-verbal communication NonVerbalCommunicating A collection of information transfer events; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a> is a transmission of information that is not in the form of language. Thus spoken, written, and sign-language communications are excluded. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ShakingHands" class="cyc_term">ShakingHands</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cuddling" class="cyc_term">Cuddling</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAGesture" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> is not a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, since instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAGesture" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> are merely information-encodings, upon which communication (even verbal communication, in the case sign-language) might or might not occur). non-verbal communication NonVerbalCommunicating A collection of information transfer events; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a> is a transmission of information that is not in the form of language. Thus spoken, written, and sign-language communications are excluded. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ShakingHands" class="cyc_term">ShakingHands</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cuddling" class="cyc_term">Cuddling</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAGesture" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> is not a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, since instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAGesture" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> are merely information-encodings, upon which communication (even verbal communication, in the case sign-language) might or might not occur). non-verbal communication NonVerbalCommunicating Communicating communication A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and characterized by one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> sub-events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions -- and winning -- of the game are focal). Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurposefulAction" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> event must be intentional on the part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/communicatorOfInfo" class="cyc_term">communicatorOfInfo</a>; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/infoCommunicatedTo" class="cyc_term">infoCommunicatedTo</a> role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Eavesdropping" class="cyc_term">Eavesdropping</a>. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MultiDirectionalCommunication" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>). Every event belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AudioCommunicating" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating" class="cyc_term">FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating</a>); by the type of information involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Teaching" class="cyc_term">Teaching</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Negotiating" class="cyc_term">Negotiating</a>); by the agents involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntraOrganizationCommunication" class="cyc_term">IntraOrganizationCommunication</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StageProduction" class="cyc_term">StageProduction</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket -- all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. TemporalStuffType type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. A collection of information transfer events; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a> is a transmission of information that is not in the form of language. Thus spoken, written, and sign-language communications are excluded. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ShakingHands" class="cyc_term">ShakingHands</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cuddling" class="cyc_term">Cuddling</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAGesture" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> is not a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonVerbalCommunicating" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, since instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MakingAGesture" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> are merely information-encodings, upon which communication (even verbal communication, in the case sign-language) might or might not occur). non-verbal communication NonVerbalCommunicating