]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. physical creation event The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>s in which something <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> is created. Mx4rvpKVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA PhysicalCreationEvent physically has created physically will create physically creates will create physically creates physically created physically will have created physically physically creating physically have created have created physically creating physically create physically physical creation events physically will have created physically had created has created physically physical creation physically create physically created had created physically Mummifying mummification A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial" class="cyc_term">ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial</a> event, an object's shape changes without any of its parts being removed. ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial forging A collection of creation events -- a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreatingAnArtifact" class="cyc_term">CreatingAnArtifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalCreationEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of this collection involves some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> thing being made (by some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>) from raw materials or from parts. The end result (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/productsCreated" class="cyc_term">productsCreated</a>) might or might not be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Product" class="cyc_term">Product</a>. Examples include baking a loaf of bread and assembling a high-fidelity audio component. See also the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Constructing" class="cyc_term">Constructing</a>. MakingSomething making something gathering things together Collecting A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransferIn" class="cyc_term">TransferIn</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Collecting" class="cyc_term">Collecting</a> is an event in which tangible or intangible objects are collected together at a single &quot;place&quot;. The objects might come from various sources, and might be gathered via some collection network. Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GroupingObjects" class="cyc_term">GroupingObjects</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CollectingInformation" class="cyc_term">CollectingInformation</a>. Cloning The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cell" class="cyc_term">Cell</a> from an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Organism_Whole" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> is collected and appropriately manipulated so as to turn it into a second <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Organism_Whole" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> which is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/geneticallyIdentical" class="cyc_term">geneticallyIdentical</a> to the first one. cloning production of RNA molecules (ProductionOfFn RNAMolecule) production of opium (ProductionOfFn Opium) EmplacingABridge emplacing a bridge BiologicalGrowthEvent A collection of events. In each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalGrowthEvent" class="cyc_term">BiologicalGrowthEvent</a>, a living structure (not necessarily a whole organism) increases in size. biological growth event production of eukaryotic messenger RNA (ProductionOfFn EukaryoticMessengerRNA) A collection of events: an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationTypeByMethod" class="cyc_term">CreationTypeByMethod</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalCreationEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Incorporation_Physical" class="cyc_term">Incorporation_Physical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MaterialHandling" class="cyc_term">MaterialHandling</a>. In each instance of this collection two or more substances are combined to form a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Mixture" class="cyc_term">Mixture</a>. Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Diluting" class="cyc_term">Diluting</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Aerosolizing" class="cyc_term">Aerosolizing</a>. Mixing mixing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalDestructionEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalCreationEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalTransformationEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a> at least one thing ceases to exist and at least one thing comes into existence (and usually at least some portion of the thing(s) destroyed becomes incorporated into the thing(s) created). An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalTransformationProcess" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationProcess</a>, the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalTransformationEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a>s that are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/transformedInto" class="cyc_term">transformedInto</a>. transform PhysicalTransformationEvent DiggingAHole burrow A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DiggingAHole" class="cyc_term">DiggingAHole</a>, one or more agents (usually <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Animal" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>s) removes material from some substrate (such as the soil), so that a hole is formed. If the digger is a person, tools or heavy equipment may be used; other organisms just use their claws, snouts, etc. A borderline case of this concept occurs when a plant's roots grow. Another borderline case occurs when an animal finds an existing hole and enlarges it. IBOCreation creation of an information-bearing object A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalCreationEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBOCreation" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> is an event in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (hereafter IBO) is created. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBOCreation" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> include publishing a book, making a film, printing a photograph, molding a plastic credit card, painting a billboard, and minting a coin. When an IBO is created, its content may be either original, be copied from a prior <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>, or be instantiated from an existing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/iboCreated" class="cyc_term">iboCreated</a>. production of cars (ProductionOfFn Automobile) biological production BiologicalProductionEvent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalCreationEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalEvent" class="cyc_term">BiologicalEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalProductionEvent" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProductionEvent</a>, raw materials are combined to produce a product, and at least one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalLivingObject" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> (q.v.) is the producer. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalProductionEvent" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProductionEvent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SecretionEvent" class="cyc_term">SecretionEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalReproductionEvent" class="cyc_term">BiologicalReproductionEvent</a>. <p/> Note that the distinction between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalDevelopmentEvent" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDevelopmentEvent</a> is not always sharp, but instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalProductionEvent" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProductionEvent</a> are distinguished insofar as the event in question produces a reasonably distinct entity from start to finish. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FlowerDevelopmentEvent" class="cyc_term">FlowerDevelopmentEvent</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalDevelopmentEvent" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDevelopmentEvent</a> although some case could be made for it being an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalProductionEvent" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProductionEvent</a>. (ProductionOfFn MessengerRNA) production of messenger RNA molecules PhysicalSynthesis The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>s where two or more instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> come together to form an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>, which is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/outputsCreated" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>. conceptual synthesis TakingASample The collection of events in which a portion of some substance which is to be tested is separated out from the larger mass of it. sampling A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LocatingInIntendedPosition" class="cyc_term">LocatingInIntendedPosition</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArrangingObjects" class="cyc_term">ArrangingObjects</a> is an event in which an agent places physical objects in a desired <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a>. arranging ArrangingObjects (ProductionOfFn Currency) production of currency KE clarifying collection type The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <font color="#ff0000">#$KRAKEN</font> application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KEClarifyingCollectionType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationOrDestructionEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationOrDestructionEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>, at least one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> (q.v.) is brought into existence (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/outputsCreated" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>). creation event CreationEvent physical creation event The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>s in which something <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> is created. PhysicalCreationEvent event in which something is created or destroyed or both A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationOrDestructionEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationOrDestructionEvent</a>. During each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent</a>, one or more physical objects (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>) come into or go out of existence. If the object created or destroyed in an event is not physical (e.g., if it is an agreement or a conceptual work), then the event should be an instance of the more general collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationOrDestructionEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationOrDestructionEvent</a>. PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent candidate KB completeness node CandidateKBCompletenessNode BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> means that <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is <i>broader</i> than <code><b>TERM1</b></code>, in an extremely general sense of &quot;broader&quot;. For example, <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code><b>TERM1</b></code> if any of the following hold:<br><br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that subsumes <code><b>TERM1</b></code>; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as an instance; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as parts; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as a part; <br><br> This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm physical creation event The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>s in which something <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> is created. PhysicalCreationEvent TemporalStuffType type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code><b>COL</b></code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> (with <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> at or above <code><b>COL</b></code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code>. <p/> Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code><b>WALK</b></code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> of <code><b>WALK</b></code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. physical creation event The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>s in which something <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> is created. PhysicalCreationEvent physical creation event The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CreationEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>s in which something <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> is created. PhysicalCreationEvent prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String