]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadiallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> is a spatial thing whose spatial parts are regularly arranged about a central axis. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadiallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> include wheels and adult starfish. Mx4rvVkG_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA radial thing RadiallySymmetricObject most radial radial more radial Cube cube A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ThreeDimensionalShapeType" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RectangularParallelepiped" class="cyc_term">RectangularParallelepiped</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all three-dimensional cubes, whether spatially-localized (e.g. dice) or abstract. RegularPolygon A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Polygon" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a>. This is the collection of all two-dimensional polygons that are both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EquiangularPolygon" class="cyc_term">EquiangularPolygon</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EquilateralPolygon" class="cyc_term">EquilateralPolygon</a>s (qq.v.). One specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Square" class="cyc_term">Square</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RegularPolygonTypeFn" class="cyc_term">RegularPolygonTypeFn</a>. regular polygon circle CircularRegion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EllipticalRegion" class="cyc_term">EllipticalRegion</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of elliptical regions whose boundaries are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Circle" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>s. Geometrically, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CircularRegion" class="cyc_term">CircularRegion</a> is a plane figure bounded by a closed curve each point on which is equidistant from a single ("center") point. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Disc" class="cyc_term">Disc</a>. Circle circle A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Ellipse" class="cyc_term">Ellipse</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadiallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Circle" class="cyc_term">Circle</a> is a closed, one-dimensional curve that is the path of a point that moves so that its distance from another point -- the circle's center -- is constant. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CircularRegion" class="cyc_term">CircularRegion</a>, each instance of which is a two-dimensional region whose boundary is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Circle" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>. (AdultFn Starfish) adult starfish (AdultFn SeaUrchin) adult sea urchin SurfaceOfRevolution A surface of revolution is a surface generated by rotating a planar curve about an axis contained in the same plane. The generating curve is called a generatrix and may be either closed or open, bounded or unbounded. Here are some examples of surfaces of revolution: 1. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Spheroid" class="cyc_term">Spheroid</a> is obtained by rotating an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Ellipse" class="cyc_term">Ellipse</a> about either its major or minor axes. In the first case, the surface is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ProlateSpheroid" class="cyc_term">ProlateSpheroid</a>, while in the second case, the surface is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OblateSpheroid" class="cyc_term">OblateSpheroid</a>. If the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Ellipse" class="cyc_term">Ellipse</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Circle" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>, the surface is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Sphere" class="cyc_term">Sphere</a>. 2. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TorusSurface" class="cyc_term">TorusSurface</a> is obtained by rotating a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Circle" class="cyc_term">Circle</a> about a line which is in the same plane as the circle, but is separated from it. See also the predicates <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/axisOfSurfaceOfRevolution" class="cyc_term">axisOfSurfaceOfRevolution</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/generatrixOfSurfaceOfRevolution" class="cyc_term">generatrixOfSurfaceOfRevolution</a>. surface of revolution Wheel The collection of all instances of the most general kind of wheel. Each instance is a disk-shaped thing which can be rotated on an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Axle" class="cyc_term">Axle</a> which typically goes through the center of its circular cross-section. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Wheel" class="cyc_term">Wheel</a>s are found on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LandTransportationDevice" class="cyc_term">LandTransportationDevice</a>s, serving the function of allowing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RollingOnASurface" class="cyc_term">RollingOnASurface</a> for such devices. Wheels may take the form of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Gear" class="cyc_term">Gear</a>s, parts of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Pulley" class="cyc_term">Pulley</a>, or may be present instead of ball bearings in places where a device needs to roll against a surface - like on the edges of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GarageDoor" class="cyc_term">GarageDoor</a>s, which roll in a track when they are raised (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LiftingAnObject" class="cyc_term">LiftingAnObject</a>). wheel A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ThreeDimensionalShapeType" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Polyhedron" class="cyc_term">Polyhedron</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Pyramid" class="cyc_term">Pyramid</a> is a polyhedron having an n-sided <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Polygon" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> as its base and n triangles (with a common vertex) as its other faces. Examples include tangible objects, such as the Egyptian pyramids, as well as intangible pyramid-shaped space regions. Pyramid pyramid (AdultFn SandDollar) adult sand dollar HemisphericalSolid A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RoundObject" class="cyc_term">RoundObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HemisphericalSolid" class="cyc_term">HemisphericalSolid</a> is half of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SphericalSolid" class="cyc_term">SphericalSolid</a> (q.v.), obtainable by slicing the latter along a great circle. Examples include tangible objects (such as the halves of a grapefruit) as well as intangible 3-D hemispherical space regions. See also the two-dimensional shape-type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Hemisphere" class="cyc_term">Hemisphere</a>. hemisphere Cylinder A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ThreeDimensionalThing" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cylinder" class="cyc_term">Cylinder</a> is a three-dimensional object that has a straight or curved <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Tube" class="cyc_term">Tube</a> (q.v.) as its "side" surface; any cross-section taken with respect to its side is (at least roughly) circular, and any two such cross-sections have (at least roughly) the same diameter. A cylinder of finite length will also have a circular base and a circular top as parts of its boundary; an infinite cylinder has no top, and might have no base either. Examples of cylinders include tangible objects (such as a roll of nickels) as well as intangible cylindrical space regions. For cylinders with straight sides, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RightCylinder" class="cyc_term">RightCylinder</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CylindricalSurface" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HollowCylindricalObject" class="cyc_term">HollowCylindricalObject</a>. cylinder cone Cone A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RoundObject" class="cyc_term">RoundObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cone" class="cyc_term">Cone</a> is a three-dimensional geometric object with a circular base; the rest of the surface of the object is formed by lines joining each point of the periphery of the base to a common vertex. Examples include both tangible objects (e.g. a solid traffic cone) and intangible space regions (e.g. the space swept out by rotating a particular right triangle about one of its sides). This is the collection of (individual) animals which are members of the invertebrate phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora. The former contains hyrda, corals, and jellyfish. The bodies of these animals have radial symmetry. Radiata Radiata A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AxisymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">AxisymmetricObject</a> is a (tangible or intangible) spatial thing that is symmetric with respect to an axis. Such an axis, which is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Line_Straight" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>, is an axis of symmetry (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/symmetricAxes" class="cyc_term">symmetricAxes</a>) of the spatial thing. An axially symmetric object might be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BilaterallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">BilaterallySymmetricObject</a> or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadiallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> (qq.v.). axisymmetric object AxisymmetricObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadiallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> is a spatial thing whose spatial parts are regularly arranged about a central axis. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadiallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> include wheels and adult starfish. radial thing RadiallySymmetricObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadiallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> is a spatial thing whose spatial parts are regularly arranged about a central axis. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadiallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> include wheels and adult starfish. radial thing RadiallySymmetricObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadiallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> is a spatial thing whose spatial parts are regularly arranged about a central axis. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadiallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> include wheels and adult starfish. radial thing RadiallySymmetricObject BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm symmetry in space spatial topic SymmetryInSpace-Spatial-Topic TemporalStuffType type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadiallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> is a spatial thing whose spatial parts are regularly arranged about a central axis. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RadiallySymmetricObject" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> include wheels and adult starfish. radial thing RadiallySymmetricObject prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String