]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. spatial thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> or in some embedding space. Note that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues. First, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> may be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texas_State" class="cyc_term">Texas_State</a>) or wholly <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArcticCircle" class="cyc_term">ArcticCircle</a> or a line mentioned in a geometric theorem). Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial thing or in some embedding space, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> might or might not be located in the actual physical universe. It is far from clear that all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s are so located: an ideal platonic circle or a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system (e.g.) might not be. If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's specialization, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>. Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA SpatialThing spatial things geometric form GeometricallyDescribableThing A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GeometricallyDescribableThing" class="cyc_term">GeometricallyDescribableThing</a> is a spatially-connected spatial thing (of one, two, three, or four dimensions) that either (i) has or approximates a simple geometric shape (e.g. it is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Line" class="cyc_term">Line</a> or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Hemisphere" class="cyc_term">Hemisphere</a>) or (ii) consists of a small number of parts in a relatively simple (and stable) simple geometric configuration, where each such part has or approximates a simple geometric shape (e.g. a table consisting of a 3-D-disc-shaped top and four cylindrical legs). A geometrically-describable thing might be tangible or intangible. Note that what counts as "approximating" a given simple geometric shape -- and thus what spatial things count as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GeometricallyDescribableThing" class="cyc_term">GeometricallyDescribableThing</a>s -- varies with context. In a context that was so fine-grained shape-wise that even the shapes of the individual molecules on the surface of an object were considered relevant to the object's shape, perhaps nearly every (connected, solid) tangible object would be geometrically-describable. In more everyday contexts, on the other hand, an unopened can of soup would be geometrically-describable (as a cylinder), while a telephone or an animal's body would probably not. (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet AxisymmetricObject BilateralObject)) the union of The Set axisymmetric object bilateral object FiniteSpatialThing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FiniteSpatialThing" class="cyc_term">FiniteSpatialThing</a> is a spatial thing that measures a finite <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Distance" class="cyc_term">Distance</a> in all of its dimensions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/extensionParametersOfObject" class="cyc_term">extensionParametersOfObject</a>). A finite line (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LinearObject_Finite" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Finite</a>) has finite length; an finite surface has a finite length and finite "width"; and an finite three-dimensional spatial thing has finite length, finite "width", and finite "height". A finite spatial thing might be tangible or intangible. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InfiniteSpatialThing" class="cyc_term">InfiniteSpatialThing</a>. finite spatial thing SpatiallyContinuousThing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. For every instance REGION of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyContinuousThing" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyContinuousThing</a>, any two points it subsumes are connected by some path it also subsumes. Positive exemplars include a drinking glass, a haystack, a spiderweb, or a region of space in the shape of any of these things. If the glass is broken and its pieces no longer touch each other, it is not a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatiallyContinuousThing" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyContinuousThing</a>. Some borderline exemplars depend on granularity. At a macroscopic level of granularity, a dense cloud of smoke is effectively continuous. On the microscopic level, it is composed of independent particles that do not touch each other. spatially continuous thing AmorphousThing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AmorphousThing" class="cyc_term">AmorphousThing</a> is a spatial object that has no well-defined shape (though what counts as a "well-defined shape" can vary from context to context). Contrast with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ShapedObject" class="cyc_term">ShapedObject</a>. amorphous thing localized spatial thing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>. This is the collection of all spatial things, tangible or intangible, that can meaningfully be said to have location or position in the empirical universe. Examples of spatially-localized things include all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things, such as trees and ships, as well as certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> spatial things, like the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EarthsEquator" class="cyc_term">EarthsEquator</a>. Also included are those events that can be pinned-down to specific places (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event_Localized" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>), and thus all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>s. Excluded from this collection are any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s that are not localized, such as -- arguably -- purely abstract geometrical figures (e.g. a Platonic sphere). Note that a fictional or imaginary object (such as Frodo, Captain Queeg, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HAL9000_TheComputer" class="cyc_term">HAL9000_TheComputer</a>) is typically localized with respect to the universe of the fictional/imagnary context in which it is found, and so is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> with respect to that context. SpatialThing-Localized PositiveDimensionalThing A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PositiveDimensionalThing" class="cyc_term">PositiveDimensionalThing</a> is a spatial thing having a positive (i.e. non-zero) number of dimensions, and thus is either a one- or two- or three- (or higher-) dimensional spatial object. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PositiveDimensionalThing" class="cyc_term">PositiveDimensionalThing</a>s include tangible or intangible spatially-localized objects, such as the edge of a tabletop, the surface of the tabletop, and the table itself, as well as abstract geometrical objects that are at least one-dimensional, such as a Platonic circle or cube. Excluded from this collection are geometrical <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Point" class="cyc_term">Point</a>s and any other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ZeroDimensionalThing" class="cyc_term">ZeroDimensionalThing</a>s. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PositiveDimensionalThing" class="cyc_term">PositiveDimensionalThing</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ExtendedSpaceRegion" class="cyc_term">ExtendedSpaceRegion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ShapedObject" class="cyc_term">ShapedObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PolyDimensionalThing" class="cyc_term">PolyDimensionalThing</a>. spatial thing with one or more dimensions A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Roughly speaking, a spatial thing is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LocallyEuclideanSpatialThing" class="cyc_term">LocallyEuclideanSpatialThing</a> if it has no self-intersections. For example, a line-segment is geometrically simple if it can be traced without visiting the same point twice; a two-dimensional region is geometrically simple if its boundary is simple. More formally, an <code>N</code>-dimensional spatial thing <code>THING</code> is geometrically simple if and only if, for every point in the interior of <code>THING</code>, there exists a neighborhood of the point contained in the interior of <code>THING</code> and a homeomorphism (open and continuous bijection) that maps the neighborhood onto an open subset of <code>N</code> dimensional Euclidean space. While CycL currently lacks the vocabulary to codify the formal definition, we can state restricted forms of it for certain classes of spatial things, and do so in the cases that are of immediate interest. For these, see the reified specializations of this collection. LocallyEuclideanSpatialThing manifold zero dimensional ZeroDimensionalThing A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThingTypeByNumberOfDimensions" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByNumberOfDimensions</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntangibleIndividual" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ZeroDimensionalThing" class="cyc_term">ZeroDimensionalThing</a> is either a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Point" class="cyc_term">Point</a> (q.v.) or an arrangement of disconnected points in space. Zero-dimensional objects have no length or breadth or height, nor do they have parts. TPDU A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransportProtocolDataUnit" class="cyc_term">TransportProtocolDataUnit</a> is a discrete block of data composed by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransportLayerProtocol" class="cyc_term">TransportLayerProtocol</a> and passed down to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NetworkLayerProtocol" class="cyc_term">NetworkLayerProtocol</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransportProtocolDataUnit" class="cyc_term">TransportProtocolDataUnit</a>s consist of a header created and attached by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransportLayerProtocol" class="cyc_term">TransportLayerProtocol</a> and data received from an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ApplicationLayerProtocol" class="cyc_term">ApplicationLayerProtocol</a>. TransportProtocolDataUnit QA clarifying collection type The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/QueryAugmentationApplication" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType Objects-Spatial-Topic objects-spatial-topic type of object The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properParts" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properParts" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genlInverse" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/physicalParts" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. ObjectType mereotopology concept Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MereotopologyConcept" class="cyc_term">MereotopologyConcept</a> are concepts which are included in the domain of mereotopology; therefore, parts, boundaries and the topological relationships among them would be instances of this collection. MereotopologyConcept spatial thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> or in some embedding space. Note that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues. First, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> may be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texas_State" class="cyc_term">Texas_State</a>) or wholly <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArcticCircle" class="cyc_term">ArcticCircle</a> or a line mentioned in a geometric theorem). Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial thing or in some embedding space, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> might or might not be located in the actual physical universe. It is far from clear that all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s are so located: an ideal platonic circle or a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system (e.g.) might not be. If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's specialization, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>. SpatialThing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> is the collection of all individuals: things that are not sets or collections. Individuals might be concrete or abstract, and include (among other things) physical objects, events, numbers, relations, and groups. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> might have parts or structure (including discontinuous parts); but no individual has elements or subsets (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/elementOf" class="cyc_term">elementOf</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subsetOf" class="cyc_term">subsetOf</a>). Thus, an individual that has parts (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/physicalParts" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/groupMembers" class="cyc_term">groupMembers</a>) is not the same thing as either the set or the collection containing those same parts. For example, your car is an individual, but the collection of all the parts of your car is not an individual but an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Collection" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. This collection (unlike the car itself) is abstract: it doesn't have a location, mass, or a top speed; but it does have instances, subcollections, and supercollections. In partial contrast, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Group" class="cyc_term">Group</a> (q.v.) of parts of your car (while also not the same thing as the car itself) is an individual that has location and mass. Another example: A given company, the group consisting of all the company's employees, the collection of those employees, and the set of those employees are four distinct things, and only the first two are individuals. individual Individual BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet SpatialThing VectorInterval)) the union of { spatial things, relative location } spatial thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> or in some embedding space. Note that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues. First, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> may be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texas_State" class="cyc_term">Texas_State</a>) or wholly <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArcticCircle" class="cyc_term">ArcticCircle</a> or a line mentioned in a geometric theorem). Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial thing or in some embedding space, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> might or might not be located in the actual physical universe. It is far from clear that all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s are so located: an ideal platonic circle or a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system (e.g.) might not be. If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's specialization, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>. SpatialThing spatial thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> or in some embedding space. Note that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues. First, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> may be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texas_State" class="cyc_term">Texas_State</a>) or wholly <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArcticCircle" class="cyc_term">ArcticCircle</a> or a line mentioned in a geometric theorem). Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial thing or in some embedding space, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> might or might not be located in the actual physical universe. It is far from clear that all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s are so located: an ideal platonic circle or a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system (e.g.) might not be. If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's specialization, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>. SpatialThing prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String