]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>. This is the collection of all spatial things, tangible or intangible, that can meaningfully be said to have location or position in the empirical universe. Examples of spatially-localized things include all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things, such as trees and ships, as well as certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> spatial things, like the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EarthsEquator" class="cyc_term">EarthsEquator</a>. Also included are those events that can be pinned-down to specific places (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event_Localized" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>), and thus all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>s. Excluded from this collection are any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s that are not localized, such as -- arguably -- purely abstract geometrical figures (e.g. a Platonic sphere). Note that a fictional or imaginary object (such as Frodo, Captain Queeg, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HAL9000_TheComputer" class="cyc_term">HAL9000_TheComputer</a>) is typically localized with respect to the universe of the fictional/imagnary context in which it is found, and so is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> with respect to that context. localized spatial thing SpatialThing-Localized Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA locatable things things with a location localized spatial things locatable thing thing with a location cardiac valve or procedure CardiacValveOrProcedure the union of { darkness, dim thing } (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet LitTooDarkForSeeing LitDimly)) customary system of links A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CustomarySystemOfLinks" class="cyc_term">CustomarySystemOfLinks</a> is a customary or conventional network system consisting of interconnected links (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Path_Customary" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a>) and nodes of obvious types, where the elements of the system (i.e., the points, nodes, and links of the system) can be assumed without specifying them as sets (note that this is in contrast to instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PathSystem" class="cyc_term">PathSystem</a>, in which the sets of point, nodes, links, and loops (if any) have to be specified for the system). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CustomarySystemOfLinks" class="cyc_term">CustomarySystemOfLinks</a> include pipe systems, road systems, vascular systems, wiring systems, and mechanical linkages. The links of any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CustomarySystemOfLinks" class="cyc_term">CustomarySystemOfLinks</a> are assumed to share certain characteristics. For example, in a road system, pipes are not links, nor are streetlights, road paint, or other non-roadways; only the roadways forming the road system are links in that system. Moreover, what constitutes a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JunctionOfPaths" class="cyc_term">JunctionOfPaths</a> (q.v.) or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/pathTerminus" class="cyc_term">pathTerminus</a> (q.v.) in the system should be obvious from the system type. The links are related to the assumed system by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/linksOfCustomarySystem" class="cyc_term">linksOfCustomarySystem</a> (q.v.). CustomarySystemOfLinks brownish thing Brownish The attribute of containing at least a tinge of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownColor" class="cyc_term">BrownColor</a>. The attribute of containing at least a tinge of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WhiteColor" class="cyc_term">WhiteColor</a>. Whiteish whiteish thing The collection of all cavities, containers, and hollow objects. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CavityOrContainer" class="cyc_term">CavityOrContainer</a> spatially subsumes a hollow space region, and might include as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/physicalParts" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> either no enclosing walls (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CavityInteriorRegion" class="cyc_term">CavityInteriorRegion</a>), just the inside surface of the walls (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CavityWithWalls" class="cyc_term">CavityWithWalls</a>), or the complete walls (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ContainerShapedObject" class="cyc_term">ContainerShapedObject</a>). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Container" class="cyc_term">Container</a>s, such as coffee cups, buildings or stomachs, have well-defined outside walls. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cavity" class="cyc_term">Cavity</a> such as caves and rooms do not have well-defined outside walls. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CavityOrContainer" class="cyc_term">CavityOrContainer</a> was reified since certain properties hold true of both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Container" class="cyc_term">Container</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cavity" class="cyc_term">Cavity</a>, and since we wish to use certain predicates interchangeably. For example, we wish to use the same predicate, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/pipeEndsAtCavity" class="cyc_term">pipeEndsAtCavity</a> for talking about relationships holding between esophagi and stomachs in addition to that which holds between hallways and rooms. cavity or container CavityOrContainer The collection of all military objects. military object MilitaryThing-SpatiallyLocalized InOuterSpace The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> that are not within the earth's atmosphere, or that of any other celestial body. in outer space Purplish The attribute of containing at least a tinge of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PurpleColor" class="cyc_term">PurpleColor</a>. purplish thing visible thing VisibleThing Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisibleThing" class="cyc_term">VisibleThing</a> is something for which one or more visible features can be discerned, either by the naked eye or with the aid of an optical device such as binoculars or a telescope. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisibleThing" class="cyc_term">VisibleThing</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ColoredThing" class="cyc_term">ColoredThing</a>. Reddish reddish thing The attribute of containing at least a tinge of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RedColor" class="cyc_term">RedColor</a>. blackish thing Blackish The attribute of containing at least a tinge of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BlackColor" class="cyc_term">BlackColor</a>. in public The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> that most english speakers relevant to the current microtheory would agree are "in public". In most imaginable microtheories, there are a multitude of sufficient conditions for being in public (for example being outdoors in a city). And a multitude of conditions implying that you are not "in public" e.g. you are in your home. Please see the rules on the constant. InPublic pinkish thing Pinkish The attribute of containing at least a tinge of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PinkColor" class="cyc_term">PinkColor</a>. underwater The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> which are completely submerged in some body of water. Underwater Yellowish yellowish thing The attribute of containing at least a tinge of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/YellowColor" class="cyc_term">YellowColor</a>. ColorlessThing The collection of all things that have no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ChromaticColor" class="cyc_term">ChromaticColor</a>. This may mean either that the thing in question is transparent, or that it is completely reflective, or that it has brightness but no hue or saturation. colorlessness The attribute of containing at least a tinge of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GrayColor" class="cyc_term">GrayColor</a>. Grayish grayish thing The attribute of containing at least a tinge of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GreenColor" class="cyc_term">GreenColor</a>. Greenish greenish thing AtSea at sea If an object or event is on a boat which is sailing on the open ocean, it is considered <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtSea" class="cyc_term">AtSea</a>. If a boat is on the open ocean, it is at sea. If a sea battle is on the open ocean, it is at sea. Exemplar cases which may or may not be considered 'at sea' include boats on large lakes, people swimming in the ocean, submersed (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Underwater" class="cyc_term">Underwater</a>) submarines in the open ocean and the objects inside of them. Perhaps these are exemplars of being 'at sea' to varying lower degrees of certainty compared with the positive exemplar cases. See also #$Afloat. bluish thing The attribute of containing at least a tinge of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BlueColor" class="cyc_term">BlueColor</a>. Bluish afloat-generic Afloat-Generic The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> that are floating on some liquid. See the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Afloat_OnWater" class="cyc_term">Afloat_OnWater</a> for spatial things that are floating specifically on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Water" class="cyc_term">Water</a>. CavityInterior-Generic A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> whose instances are "cavity interiors", which might be either the intangible space region inside a cavity's walls (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CavityInteriorRegion" class="cyc_term">CavityInteriorRegion</a>) or the (partially) tangible material that occupies this region (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CavityInteriorContent" class="cyc_term">CavityInteriorContent</a>). interior of a cavity A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EnduringThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">EnduringThing_Localized</a> is a spatial enduring thing at which an event can occur or a situation can obtain. Positive examples include planets, the borders between countries, human beings, rocks, and atoms. Negative example include situations, events, abstract objects, and regions of space that exclusively act as possible locations for other spatial objects (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpaceRegion" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>). An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EnduringThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">EnduringThing_Localized</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Place" class="cyc_term">Place</a> (q.v.). The salient distinction between places (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Place" class="cyc_term">Place</a>) and locations (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EnduringThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">EnduringThing_Localized</a>) is that places are assumed to have relatively permanent locations, whereas locations need not have permanent locations. Thus, from the perspective of someone standing on a beach, the crest of a breaking wave can be a location at which foaming is occuring (thus an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EnduringThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">EnduringThing_Localized</a>), but it cannot be such a place (i.e. it cannot be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Place" class="cyc_term">Place</a>). location EnduringThing-Localized (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet Underground Ground)) the union of { undergrounds, solid ground } indoor location Indoors-IsolatedFromOutside The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> which are in an indoor environment. I.e. it is in a room of some sort with comfortable conditions to humans, e.g. it is room temperature, normal humidity, has breathable air at roughly sea level pressure, is protected from weather, can have lightness/darkness independent of night and day, and so forth. shadow Shadow A region of space having markedly less illumination than the area surrounding it, due to some object intervening between the light source and that region. The shape of a shadow is related systematically to the shape of the object blocking the light source. Orangeish The attribute of containing at least a tinge of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OrangeColor" class="cyc_term">OrangeColor</a>. orangeish thing The collection of all spatial regions that are defined as the precise regions swept through by trajectories of moving objects: each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory_SweptSpace" class="cyc_term">Trajectory_SweptSpace</a> is the individual spatial region consisting of all the points in space through which an object (or any part of it) passes during a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Movement_TranslationEvent" class="cyc_term">Movement_TranslationEvent</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory_SweptSpace" class="cyc_term">Trajectory_SweptSpace</a> may or may not follow some pre-existing or pre-defined path (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Path_Generic" class="cyc_term">Path_Generic</a>). If it does follow one or more such paths, it determines a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Traversal" class="cyc_term">Traversal</a> of those paths. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory_SweptSpace" class="cyc_term">Trajectory_SweptSpace</a> is understood and defined as a spatial region (often long, thin and 'worm'-shaped) with one of the two possible directions of motion along it. It is considered as being a part of some stationary background space (thus, in most contexts, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory_SweptSpace" class="cyc_term">Trajectory_SweptSpace</a> cannot itself 'move'). Unlike a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Path_Generic" class="cyc_term">Path_Generic</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory_SweptSpace" class="cyc_term">Trajectory_SweptSpace</a> (or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Traversal" class="cyc_term">Traversal</a>) can cross itself any number of times, intersect itself, go back along itself, cycle over and over again, etc. If there is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Movement_TranslationEvent" class="cyc_term">Movement_TranslationEvent</a>, then that event always has a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory_SweptSpace" class="cyc_term">Trajectory_SweptSpace</a>; it contains within it the linear <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory" class="cyc_term">Trajectory</a> of the motion, (indicated using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/trajectory_Complete" class="cyc_term">trajectory_Complete</a> or possibly <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/trajectory_Partial" class="cyc_term">trajectory_Partial</a>). In most contexts, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory" class="cyc_term">Trajectory</a> will be a line (or rather a one-manifold) through space as traced by some designated point within the moving object (e.g., the center of gravity), but the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory_SweptSpace" class="cyc_term">Trajectory_SweptSpace</a> is available to represent the whole space (with space and thickness) swept through by a moving object. Contrast <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory_SweptSpace" class="cyc_term">Trajectory_SweptSpace</a> with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Path_Generic" class="cyc_term">Path_Generic</a> and with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Traversal" class="cyc_term">Traversal</a>. trajectory swept space Trajectory-SweptSpace (SpatialScaleComparableIndividualsFn Kilometer) kilometre - scales object (SpatialScaleComparableIndividualsFn Meter) metre - scales object The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> that are outside under the sky, exposed to weather, not immersed in water, not in space, and not underground. Outdoors-ExposedToWeather open-air information-bearing thing InformationBearingThing A collection of spatially-localized individuals, including various actions and events as well as physical objects. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (or "IBT") is an item that contains information (for an agent who knows how to interpret it). Examples: a copy of the novel Moby Dick; a signal buoy; a photograph; an elevator sign in Braille; a map; a US dollar bill; a resume; a musical score; copies of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CycProgram" class="cyc_term">CycProgram</a>. For representations of the propositional content of information bearing things, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PropositionalInformationThing" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>; but note that not all IBTs have a propositional content (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArtObject" class="cyc_term">ArtObject</a>). An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>, which comprises all of those IBTs that are also physical objects (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>s). Though often a subtle task in particular contexts, it is important to distinguish the various specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> from those of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> (whose instances are the chunks of information instantiated in particular IBTs; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIT" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIT</a>) and from those of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> (whose instances are the conceptual or artistic creations that are instantiated in particular IBTs; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfWork" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>). For instance, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextString" class="cyc_term">TextString</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextualMaterial" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TextualPCW" class="cyc_term">TextualPCW</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>; to conflate any of these with another would be to make a "category error". Also note that events in which information is transferred (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationTransferEvent" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a>) are not considered instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. Rather, such transfer events have as one of their participants (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/actors" class="cyc_term">actors</a>) some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>; though in cases where IBTs are themselves events this will require distinguishing very finely between the event that encodes the information and the event that is the information transfer. See also the sense-modality-based specializations, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SoundInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">SoundInformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/VisualInformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a>. The collection of all trajectories of moving objects: each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory" class="cyc_term">Trajectory</a> is the individual spatial region consisting of the points in space through which an object passes during a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Movement_TranslationEvent" class="cyc_term">Movement_TranslationEvent</a>. A trajectory may or may not follow some pre-existing or pre-defined path (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Path_Generic" class="cyc_term">Path_Generic</a>). If it does follow one or more such paths, it determines a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Traversal" class="cyc_term">Traversal</a> of those paths. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory" class="cyc_term">Trajectory</a> is understood and defined as a spatial line with one of the two possible directions of motion along it. It is considered as being a part of some stationary background space (thus, in most contexts, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory" class="cyc_term">Trajectory</a> cannot itself 'move'). Unlike a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Path_Generic" class="cyc_term">Path_Generic</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory" class="cyc_term">Trajectory</a> (or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Traversal" class="cyc_term">Traversal</a>) can cross itself any number of times, and go back along itself, cycle over and over again, etc. If there is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Movement_TranslationEvent" class="cyc_term">Movement_TranslationEvent</a>, then that event always has a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory" class="cyc_term">Trajectory</a>; it is linked to its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory" class="cyc_term">Trajectory</a> by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a>s <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/trajectory_Complete" class="cyc_term">trajectory_Complete</a> and possibly <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/trajectory_Partial" class="cyc_term">trajectory_Partial</a>. In most contexts, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory" class="cyc_term">Trajectory</a> will be a line (or rather a one-manifold) through space as traced by some designated point within the moving object (e.g., the center of gravity), but the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory_SweptSpace" class="cyc_term">Trajectory_SweptSpace</a> is available to represent the whole space (with space and thickness) swept through by a moving object. Contrast <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Trajectory" class="cyc_term">Trajectory</a> with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Path_Generic" class="cyc_term">Path_Generic</a> and with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Traversal" class="cyc_term">Traversal</a>. trajectory Trajectory BilateralObject bilateral object A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BilateralObject" class="cyc_term">BilateralObject</a> is an object that has a well-defined pair of opposing sides (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectSides" class="cyc_term">objectSides</a>) -- such as front and back, bottom and top, or left and right. "Well-defined" here just means either naturally-determined (e.g. the front-back of a mammal and the top-bottom of a hill) or conventionally-determined (e.g. the left-right of a car and the top-bottom of a soda can). Examples of non-bilateral objects are ball bearings and sugar cubes. See also the specializations <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FrontAndBackSidedObject" class="cyc_term">FrontAndBackSidedObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LeftAndRightSidedObject" class="cyc_term">LeftAndRightSidedObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TopAndBottomSidedObject" class="cyc_term">TopAndBottomSidedObject</a>. An object that is an instance of all three of these collections is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HexalateralObject" class="cyc_term">HexalateralObject</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/bilateralAxes" class="cyc_term">bilateralAxes</a> and #$NoteAboutSidedObjects. aboveground thing The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> that are resting on the surface of the ground of a particular place. AboveGround centimetre - scales object (SpatialScaleComparableIndividualsFn (Centi Meter)) strategic target A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StrategicTarget" class="cyc_term">StrategicTarget</a> is one which is large and immobile, for example: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CityOfLosAngelesCA" class="cyc_term">CityOfLosAngelesCA</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OilRefinery" class="cyc_term">OilRefinery</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Railway" class="cyc_term">Railway</a> StrategicTarget energy The most generic collection of all instances of all types of energy, either in radiating wave form or in solid matter form, that may be used to provide a source of energy. EnergyStuff A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation_Localized" class="cyc_term">Situation_Localized</a> is a situation whose temporal extent occurs at a specific location in space. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation_Localized" class="cyc_term">Situation_Localized</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysiologicalCondition" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event_Localized" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>. Situation-Localized spatially localized situation Airborne airborne thing The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> that are airborne. An airborne object is immersed in the air and is not supported by the ground. If it is supported by anything, that thing is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Airborne" class="cyc_term">Airborne</a> and it is not `inside' (contained in?) whatever is supporting it. Thus airplanes flying, soap bubbles floating, or people jumping in midair are classic positive exemplars of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Airborne" class="cyc_term">Airborne</a> things. Slightly more questionable positive exemplars include people suspended by parachutes, or the jet engines hanging off an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Airborne" class="cyc_term">Airborne</a> 747, or the clothes of a sky diver. Negative exemplars include the people inside such an aircraft, chewing gum inside a skydiver's mouth because they are contained in something airborne. A person hanging from a bungee jumping chord is not airborne because the bungee chord is inevitably supported by `the ground'. However, while floating downward on a slack bungee tether, said jumper would be considered <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Airborne" class="cyc_term">Airborne</a> since he is not supported by anything, but rather in free fall. Artifact-AnimalCreated artifact animal created A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Artifact_AnimalCreated" class="cyc_term">Artifact_AnimalCreated</a> is a tangible thing made by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/NonPersonAnimal" class="cyc_term">NonPersonAnimal</a>. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Dam" class="cyc_term">Dam</a>s built by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Beaver" class="cyc_term">Beaver</a>s, spiderwebs, birds' nests, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Termite" class="cyc_term">Termite</a> mounds, and coral reefs. Superstrings are the posits of a string theory which takes into account boson/fermion symmetry. String theory is a class of theories which posit that the basic subatomic entities are "strings" which are have only one dimension. One interesting feature of quantum field theories of strings is that they are only non-anomalous if spacetime is assumed to have 10 (or 26) dimensions. superstring Superstring MountONeal Mount O'Neal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Here" class="cyc_term">Here</a> is a special region of space denote the `current' location. The exact interpretation will vary from one context to another. In dialogue contexts it often refers to the location in which the dialogue is happening. By contrast, in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ImageMicrotheory" class="cyc_term">ImageMicrotheory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Here" class="cyc_term">Here</a> probably refers to the location being depicted in the image. Here here QA clarifying collection type The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/QueryAugmentationApplication" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType localized spatial thing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>. This is the collection of all spatial things, tangible or intangible, that can meaningfully be said to have location or position in the empirical universe. Examples of spatially-localized things include all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things, such as trees and ships, as well as certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> spatial things, like the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EarthsEquator" class="cyc_term">EarthsEquator</a>. Also included are those events that can be pinned-down to specific places (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event_Localized" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>), and thus all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>s. Excluded from this collection are any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s that are not localized, such as -- arguably -- purely abstract geometrical figures (e.g. a Platonic sphere). Note that a fictional or imaginary object (such as Frodo, Captain Queeg, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HAL9000_TheComputer" class="cyc_term">HAL9000_TheComputer</a>) is typically localized with respect to the universe of the fictional/imagnary context in which it is found, and so is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> with respect to that context. SpatialThing-Localized StuffType type of stuff A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> is a collection that is stuff-like in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is stuff-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which every part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>. More precisely, for a collection to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> it is sufficient that there be some spec-pred <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/parts" class="cyc_term">parts</a> (that is, some predicate <code>PARTPRED</code> for which<code> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genlPreds" class="cyc_term">genlPreds</a> PARTPRED <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/parts" class="cyc_term">parts</a>)</code> holds), such that if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJECT1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJECT1 OBJECT2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJECT2 COL)</code>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Breathing" class="cyc_term">Breathing</a>. Take an instance of that, say a ten minute long period in which a person is breathing. Imagine some two minute snippet of that, one of its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> (a spec-pred of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/parts" class="cyc_term">parts</a>). That, too, is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Breathing" class="cyc_term">Breathing</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Breathing" class="cyc_term">Breathing</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a>, since all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Breathing" class="cyc_term">Breathing</a> are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Breathing" class="cyc_term">Breathing</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Water" class="cyc_term">Water</a>. Take any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Water" class="cyc_term">Water</a> -- say the water in the Pacific Ocean. Now take any portion of that water -- say a handful of it that a person scoops up near Honolulu, one of its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/physicalPortions" class="cyc_term">physicalPortions</a> (a spec-pred of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/parts" class="cyc_term">parts</a>). That handful is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Water" class="cyc_term">Water</a>. Hence <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Water" class="cyc_term">Water</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a>, in virtue of the fact that all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/physicalPortions" class="cyc_term">physicalPortions</a> of all instances <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Water" class="cyc_term">Water</a> are themselves instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Water" class="cyc_term">Water</a>. Other examples are: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>, which is stuff-like with respect <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/containsInformation" class="cyc_term">containsInformation</a>; <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CharacterString" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a>, which is stuff-like with respect to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subCharacterStrings" class="cyc_term">subCharacterStrings</a>; and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/List" class="cyc_term">List</a>, which is stuff-like with respect to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subLists" class="cyc_term">subLists</a>. These examples are somewhat exceptional -- most <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a>s are like the examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Breathing" class="cyc_term">Breathing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Water" class="cyc_term">Water</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>, for the contrasting (but not disjoint) notion of being object-like. The collection of all semantically underspecified boundaries whether spatial (and literal) like a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Border" class="cyc_term">Border</a>, or metaphoric, like the boundaries of knowledge in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FieldOfStudy" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Boundary-Underspecified boundary localized spatial thing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>. This is the collection of all spatial things, tangible or intangible, that can meaningfully be said to have location or position in the empirical universe. Examples of spatially-localized things include all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things, such as trees and ships, as well as certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> spatial things, like the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EarthsEquator" class="cyc_term">EarthsEquator</a>. Also included are those events that can be pinned-down to specific places (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event_Localized" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>), and thus all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>s. Excluded from this collection are any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s that are not localized, such as -- arguably -- purely abstract geometrical figures (e.g. a Platonic sphere). Note that a fictional or imaginary object (such as Frodo, Captain Queeg, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HAL9000_TheComputer" class="cyc_term">HAL9000_TheComputer</a>) is typically localized with respect to the universe of the fictional/imagnary context in which it is found, and so is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> with respect to that context. SpatialThing-Localized localized spatial thing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>. This is the collection of all spatial things, tangible or intangible, that can meaningfully be said to have location or position in the empirical universe. Examples of spatially-localized things include all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things, such as trees and ships, as well as certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> spatial things, like the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EarthsEquator" class="cyc_term">EarthsEquator</a>. Also included are those events that can be pinned-down to specific places (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event_Localized" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>), and thus all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>s. Excluded from this collection are any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s that are not localized, such as -- arguably -- purely abstract geometrical figures (e.g. a Platonic sphere). Note that a fictional or imaginary object (such as Frodo, Captain Queeg, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HAL9000_TheComputer" class="cyc_term">HAL9000_TheComputer</a>) is typically localized with respect to the universe of the fictional/imagnary context in which it is found, and so is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> with respect to that context. SpatialThing-Localized Analyst-PertinentConcept An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptTypeByDomain" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a>. Generally speaking, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Analyst_PertinentConcept" class="cyc_term">Analyst_PertinentConcept</a> are concepts and relations such as are used by intelligence analysts reasoning about threat situations. Specifically, all core concepts in this domain (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/coreConceptOfDomain" class="cyc_term">coreConceptOfDomain</a>) are either 1) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 2) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TernaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 3:)<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsa" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 4) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsa" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TernaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 5) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argGenl" class="cyc_term">argGenl</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TernaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, or 6) concepts or relations that are instances of instances of #$TKBInterfaceCollection. the intelligence analyst reasoning domain BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm TemporallyExistingThing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>. This is the collection of all things that exist (or occur or obtain) in or at a time. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporallyExistingThing" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a> thus includes all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> except <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s. Its specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. Here's arough-and-ready test for membership in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporallyExistingThing" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a>: If it makes sense to ask of a given temporal thing whether it could have had a different <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/temporalExtent" class="cyc_term">temporalExtent</a> (q.v.) than it actually has, then (and only then) it is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporallyExistingThing" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a>. Tangible objects, events, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>s all pass this test, while dates and other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a> fail. It would be absurd to suppose (e.g.) that the day of 27 July 1947 might have taken place a year later than it actually did. Unlike temporally existing things, time intervals instances are differentiated solely on the basis of their duration and location on the time line. temporally existing thing spatial thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> or in some embedding space. Note that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues. First, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> may be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texas_State" class="cyc_term">Texas_State</a>) or wholly <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArcticCircle" class="cyc_term">ArcticCircle</a> or a line mentioned in a geometric theorem). Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial thing or in some embedding space, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> might or might not be located in the actual physical universe. It is far from clear that all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s are so located: an ideal platonic circle or a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system (e.g.) might not be. If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's specialization, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>. SpatialThing prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String localized spatial thing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>. This is the collection of all spatial things, tangible or intangible, that can meaningfully be said to have location or position in the empirical universe. Examples of spatially-localized things include all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things, such as trees and ships, as well as certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> spatial things, like the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EarthsEquator" class="cyc_term">EarthsEquator</a>. Also included are those events that can be pinned-down to specific places (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event_Localized" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>), and thus all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>s. Excluded from this collection are any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s that are not localized, such as -- arguably -- purely abstract geometrical figures (e.g. a Platonic sphere). Note that a fictional or imaginary object (such as Frodo, Captain Queeg, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HAL9000_TheComputer" class="cyc_term">HAL9000_TheComputer</a>) is typically localized with respect to the universe of the fictional/imagnary context in which it is found, and so is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> with respect to that context. SpatialThing-Localized