]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Mx4rvh5TfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a> is a state of affairs between two or more things, persisting statically over some time interval. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a> always have a temporal extent, and they usually have a tangible and spatial extent. As an example, consider the situation of Bill Clinton sitting in his easy chair on the evening of 7/4/96. There are participant objects such as Bill and the chair, there are relationships such as the seat of the chair supporting his bottom and his weight being off his feet, etc. In any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>, for the participants in that situation, there is some significant or focal relationship between them which does not change. In the most typical cases, there is no important change whatsoever, e.g. someone sitting would be such a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>. But some things represented as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>s can alternatively be represented as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s. For example, a situation in which geese were flying in a flock would be static (the flock-like spatial relationship between the geese would be retained) but it would also be dynamic in that the geese were moving, so either representation could be chosen depending on the context. StaticSituation static situation static situations state states TimeInPosition-Served The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>s in which a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> holds a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. For <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AppointedOffice" class="cyc_term">AppointedOffice</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ElectedOfficial" class="cyc_term">ElectedOfficial</a>s, this period of time is typically standardized. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInPosition_Served" class="cyc_term">TimeInPosition_Served</a> is associated with a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInPosition_Obligation" class="cyc_term">TimeInPosition_Obligation</a>; for example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BillClinton" class="cyc_term">BillClinton</a> is associated with two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInPosition_Served" class="cyc_term">TimeInPosition_Served</a>s, each with its own <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInPosition_Obligation" class="cyc_term">TimeInPosition_Obligation</a>. The interval served cannot extend beyond the limits imposed by the associated obligation, but could end prematurely (e.g., in cases of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AssassinatingSomeone" class="cyc_term">AssassinatingSomeone</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RetirementEvent" class="cyc_term">RetirementEvent</a>s). time served in a position MentalState A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MentalSituation" class="cyc_term">MentalSituation</a> whose instances are relatively enduring mental states, such as beliefs (and other propositional attitudes) and moods of particular agents, as opposed to the more dynamic mental events (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>) such as thinking, perceiving, and experiencing pain. (Note that, while generally more long-lived than a mental event, a mental state might exist for only a fraction of a second; e.g. "For one fleeting moment the quarterback believed his team had won the game".) mental state HavingAParticularShape retaining a particular shape This is the collection of situations in which some object maintains a particular shape. Such situations begin and end with an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MovementOrShapeChangeEvent" class="cyc_term">MovementOrShapeChangeEvent</a>. TouchingSituation This is the collection of static situations in which two distinct objects are in continuous physical contact. touching situation static equilibrium A physical situation is in static equilibrium if and only if it is in mechanical equilibrium (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MechanicalEquilibrium" class="cyc_term">MechanicalEquilibrium</a>) and no motion occurs within the situation. StaticEquilibrium Configuration A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> is a static situation consisting of two or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things of certain types standing in a certain type of spatial relationship (or set of relationships). This (set of) spatial relationship(s) "characterizes" the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a>'s type in the sense that any group of objects of the appropriate types standing in that relationship (or those relationships) correspond to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> of that type; and each of these objects, in turn, is said to be "configured" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/configuredObjects" class="cyc_term">configuredObjects</a>) in the (individual) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Configuration" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a>. For example, a knot configuration might correspond to a particular intertwining of end-segments of two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CordlikeObject" class="cyc_term">CordlikeObject</a>s, or to the intertwining of several segments of a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CordlikeObject" class="cyc_term">CordlikeObject</a>. For configurations like the latter, whose characterizing relationship(s) hold between different parts of a single salient object, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConfigurationOfComplexObject" class="cyc_term">ConfigurationOfComplexObject</a>. Note that a static situation involving an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> might be a configuration, but only so long as it's just the agent's spatial relationship(s) to other partially tangibles that matters (see e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WearingSomething" class="cyc_term">WearingSomething</a>); static situations in which an agent's agency or sentience is crucial, on the other hand, are not configurations (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InterAgentSituation" class="cyc_term">InterAgentSituation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InterAgentSituation_TwoAgent" class="cyc_term">InterAgentSituation_TwoAgent</a>). configuration nonproliferation of WMD NonproliferationOfWMD A collection of static situations in which no new agents come to be in possession of any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WeaponOfMassDestruction" class="cyc_term">WeaponOfMassDestruction</a>. This entsails that agents who are not currently in possession of such devices are prevented from obtaining them. having a tax obligation A collection of static situations holding between an agent and some geopolitical entity. Each instance of this collection is a situation in which someone has a current tax obligation (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TaxObligation" class="cyc_term">TaxObligation</a>). These situations hold from the time the obligation is incurred until it is discharged either by payment or by the obligation passing to the individual's heirs or estate. HavingATaxObligation RetainingUserRights A collection of static situations holding between an agent and some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Thing" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> during which the agent retains some user rights over said thing (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SituationTypeByUserRights" class="cyc_term">SituationTypeByUserRights</a>). Such situations may have subevents but they need not. For example, saving one's money may involve putting money into a savings account or it may not involve any events at all (as when one simply does not *spend*). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectRetained" class="cyc_term">objectRetained</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/agentRetaining" class="cyc_term">agentRetaining</a>. retaining user right owning something OwningSomething A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PrimaryUserRights" class="cyc_term">PrimaryUserRights</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OwningSomething" class="cyc_term">OwningSomething</a> is a situation consisting of some agent owning something (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/owns" class="cyc_term">owns</a>). job position <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobPosition" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> is the collection of all job positions conceived as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>s that exist at an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Organization" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobPosition" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> can be characterized by a set of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/duties" class="cyc_term">duties</a> (see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/dutiesOfAgentInJob" class="cyc_term">dutiesOfAgentInJob</a>) that the person filling the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobPosition" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> will be expected to perform. In practice, we often use instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> instead of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobPosition" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> to represent types of job positions. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobPositionTypeFn" class="cyc_term">JobPositionTypeFn</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobPosition" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> can be either open or filled (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobOpen" class="cyc_term">JobOpen</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobFilled" class="cyc_term">JobFilled</a>). A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobPosition" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> is not the same as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WorkAgreement" class="cyc_term">WorkAgreement</a> or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HasPositionRelationship" class="cyc_term">HasPositionRelationship</a>. These latter two exist only when a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobPosition" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> is filled by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> who enters into a relation with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Organization" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> that has the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobPosition" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a>. For each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobPosition" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a>, there can be only a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> who fills it for a given temporal interval, although two different <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s may successively fill the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobPosition" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a>. Use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/versionOfJobPosition" class="cyc_term">versionOfJobPosition</a> to relate a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/JobPosition" class="cyc_term">JobPosition</a> to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HasPositionRelationship" class="cyc_term">HasPositionRelationship</a>. JobPosition The class of static situations that exist as the result of some relationship(s) between some plurality of agents. For instance, world peace in which all countries in the world are at peace with one another. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InterAgentSituation_TwoAgent" class="cyc_term">InterAgentSituation_TwoAgent</a> for a specialization involving only two agents. agent relationship InterAgentSituation Situation situation A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntangibleIndividual" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> is a state or event consisting of one or more objects having certain properties or bearing certain relations to each other. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>; it is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a> is a state of affairs between two or more things, persisting statically over some time interval. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a> always have a temporal extent, and they usually have a tangible and spatial extent. As an example, consider the situation of Bill Clinton sitting in his easy chair on the evening of 7/4/96. There are participant objects such as Bill and the chair, there are relationships such as the seat of the chair supporting his bottom and his weight being off his feet, etc. In any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>, for the participants in that situation, there is some significant or focal relationship between them which does not change. In the most typical cases, there is no important change whatsoever, e.g. someone sitting would be such a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>. But some things represented as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>s can alternatively be represented as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s. For example, a situation in which geese were flying in a flock would be static (the flock-like spatial relationship between the geese would be retained) but it would also be dynamic in that the geese were moving, so either representation could be chosen depending on the context. StaticSituation static situation A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a> is a state of affairs between two or more things, persisting statically over some time interval. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a> always have a temporal extent, and they usually have a tangible and spatial extent. As an example, consider the situation of Bill Clinton sitting in his easy chair on the evening of 7/4/96. There are participant objects such as Bill and the chair, there are relationships such as the seat of the chair supporting his bottom and his weight being off his feet, etc. In any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>, for the participants in that situation, there is some significant or focal relationship between them which does not change. In the most typical cases, there is no important change whatsoever, e.g. someone sitting would be such a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>. But some things represented as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>s can alternatively be represented as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s. For example, a situation in which geese were flying in a flock would be static (the flock-like spatial relationship between the geese would be retained) but it would also be dynamic in that the geese were moving, so either representation could be chosen depending on the context. StaticSituation static situation top-topic Top-Topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a> is a state of affairs between two or more things, persisting statically over some time interval. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a> always have a temporal extent, and they usually have a tangible and spatial extent. As an example, consider the situation of Bill Clinton sitting in his easy chair on the evening of 7/4/96. There are participant objects such as Bill and the chair, there are relationships such as the seat of the chair supporting his bottom and his weight being off his feet, etc. In any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>, for the participants in that situation, there is some significant or focal relationship between them which does not change. In the most typical cases, there is no important change whatsoever, e.g. someone sitting would be such a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>. But some things represented as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StaticSituation" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>s can alternatively be represented as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s. For example, a situation in which geese were flying in a flock would be static (the flock-like spatial relationship between the geese would be retained) but it would also be dynamic in that the geese were moving, so either representation could be chosen depending on the context. StaticSituation static situation TemporalStuffType type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String