]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Mx4rvViJ9ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The collection of microtheories each of which contains the assertional content of a story -- a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> describing a particular sequence of events which occur to one or more characters in the story. The story is at least partially fictional as opposed to "true stories". Story story http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative storey stories Saga The collection of all sagas. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Story" class="cyc_term">Story</a>. saga ShortStory short story The subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Story" class="cyc_term">Story</a> whose elements contain the propositional content in which two or more instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> engage in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanSexualBehavior" class="cyc_term">HumanSexualBehavior</a>. EroticStory pornographic story Play-CW The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a>s intended to be instantiated in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PlayPerformance" class="cyc_term">PlayPerformance</a>s. play WesternStory-Generic A collection of pieces of information; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PropositionalInformationThing" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WesternStory_Generic" class="cyc_term">WesternStory_Generic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> containing the propositional content of a story that would be considered a 'western', regardless of the format or formats (play, book) in which the story is or can be told. western UrbanLegend urban legend A story which is usually passed orally amongst the members of a modern day (late 20th century) community. Unlike <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Legend" class="cyc_term">Legend</a>s they are often not considered authoritative accounts of reality. Novel-CW novel The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>s that are novels. Novella The collection of all novellas, which are written works of fiction that are shorter than novels but longer than short stories. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FictionalPCW" class="cyc_term">FictionalPCW</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ProseLiteraryWork_CW" class="cyc_term">ProseLiteraryWork_CW</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Story" class="cyc_term">Story</a>. novella Legend A story which has been passed down from previous generations. They are often popularly considered to be historical, but may be hard to verify. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Fable" class="cyc_term">Fable</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UrbanLegend" class="cyc_term">UrbanLegend</a>. legend romance story A collection of pieces of information; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PropositionalInformationThing" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RomanceStory_Generic" class="cyc_term">RomanceStory_Generic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> containing the propositional content of an idealized and adventurous story that (usually) takes place in a remote time and place and often contains heroic events. The story may be told in any format, as a play, book, movie, etc. RomanceStory-Generic A collection of pieces of information; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PropositionalInformationThing" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MysteryStory_Generic" class="cyc_term">MysteryStory_Generic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> containing the propositional content of a story that would commonly be considered a 'mystery',regardless of the format or formats (play, book, movie) in which the story is or can be told. mystery MysteryStory-Generic sci-fi or fantasy story SciFiOrFantasyStory-Generic A collection of pieces of information; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PropositionalInformationThing" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SciFiOrFantasyStory_Generic" class="cyc_term">SciFiOrFantasyStory_Generic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> containing the propositional content of a science fiction or fantasy story, regardless of the format or formats (play, book) in which the story is or can be told. A short allegorical story intended to convey a moral Fable fable romance A collection of pieces of information; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PropositionalInformationThing" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LoveStory_Generic" class="cyc_term">LoveStory_Generic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> containing the propositional content of a love story, regardless of the format or formats (play, book) in which that love story is or can be told. LoveStory-Generic The collection of microtheories each of which contains the assertional content of a story -- a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> describing a particular sequence of events which occur to one or more characters in the story. The story is at least partially fictional as opposed to "true stories". Story story mt-topic Mt-Topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PropositionalConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> is an abstract work that recounts a sequence of events (in chronological order or in such a manner that their temporal order can be ascertained) involving some agent or agents. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> may be fictional or factual and, accordingly, may involve instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> or instamces of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FictionalCharacter" class="cyc_term">FictionalCharacter</a>. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Novel_CW" class="cyc_term">Novel_CW</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Biography" class="cyc_term">Biography</a>. narrative Narrative The collection of microtheories each of which contains the assertional content of a story -- a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> describing a particular sequence of events which occur to one or more characters in the story. The story is at least partially fictional as opposed to "true stories". Story story The collection of microtheories each of which contains the assertional content of a story -- a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> describing a particular sequence of events which occur to one or more characters in the story. The story is at least partially fictional as opposed to "true stories". Story story clarifying collection type A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Collection" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. Instances are collections that are usefully invoked for purposes of resolving ambiguity and confusion that arise from the use of non-perspicuous languages. Suppose a human or other intelligent agent uses a language, such as a natural language, that is rife with ambiguity, and uses a word WORD of that language whose intended reference is unclear: in the context WORD might refer to THING1 or to THING2, but not both. One strategy for resolving this ambiguity is to find properties of THING1 and THING2, say P1 and P2, that distinguish them from one another, and ask the speaker whether by "WORD," s/he intended to refer to something with P1, or to something with P2. For example, the speaker might use the word "bank," and in response one might ask whether a financial institution or a piece of shoreline was meant. Clearly, what values of P1 and P2 are chosen cannot be arbitrary; asking whether the speaker meant to refer to a multi-individual agent versus a non-agentive place is not as effective as asking the speaker to choose between the "financial institution" and "shoreline" interpretations described above. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> just are those collections -- such as the collection of financial institutions -- that might plausibly be invoked to resolve cases of ambiguity of the kind described here. In particular, suppose TYPE1 is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> and TYPE2 is not, and THING is an instance of both TYPE1 and TYPE2. The fact that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> TYPE1 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ClarifyingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a>) is a reason to prefer TYPE1 over TYPE2 when calculating possible clarifying properties for THING. ClarifyingCollectionType The collection of microtheories each of which contains the assertional content of a story -- a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> describing a particular sequence of events which occur to one or more characters in the story. The story is at least partially fictional as opposed to "true stories". Story story type of object The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properParts" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properParts" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genlInverse" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/physicalParts" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. ObjectType SomeTypesOfMicrotheories-MtExpansion-Topic some types of microtheories mt expansion topic The collection of microtheories each of which contains the assertional content of a story -- a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> describing a particular sequence of events which occur to one or more characters in the story. The story is at least partially fictional as opposed to "true stories". Story story (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/wikipediaArticleURL" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in #$Wikipedia-WebSite THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL wikipediaArticleURL The collection of microtheories each of which contains the assertional content of a story -- a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Narrative" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> describing a particular sequence of events which occur to one or more characters in the story. The story is at least partially fictional as opposed to "true stories". Story story prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String