]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texture" class="cyc_term">Texture</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> such that each has the same (main exterior) texture. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texture" class="cyc_term">Texture</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Rough" class="cyc_term">Rough</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Smooth" class="cyc_term">Smooth</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Slimy" class="cyc_term">Slimy</a>. texture Mx4rvVjgBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Texture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture textures wirey textured A collection of objects with a similar feel to the touch. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WireyTextured" class="cyc_term">WireyTextured</a> objects have distinct wire- or rope- like surface features, and feel coarse and wirey, like the coats of certain kinds of terriers. WireyTextured Greasy greasy thing Smooth Smooth. smoothness Slimy. Slimy slimy thing Rough The attribute of feeling rough in texture harshness The attribute of being so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Rough" class="cyc_term">Rough</a> in texture that it wears material of something with which there is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TranslationAlongASurface" class="cyc_term">TranslationAlongASurface</a>. abrasive thing Abrasive A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texture" class="cyc_term">Texture</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> such that each has the same (main exterior) texture. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texture" class="cyc_term">Texture</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Rough" class="cyc_term">Rough</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Smooth" class="cyc_term">Smooth</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Slimy" class="cyc_term">Slimy</a>. texture Texture FacetInstanceCollection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CollectionType" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FacetInstanceCollection" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> is a collection that is an instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FacetingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> (q.v.). For example, the facet-instance-collection (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WineOfVintageFn" class="cyc_term">WineOfVintageFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/YearFn" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 1926)) is an instance of the faceting-collection-type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WineTypeByVintage" class="cyc_term">WineTypeByVintage</a>. facet collection A collection of collections. Each instance <code>COL</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (ANECT) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code>COL</code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/disjointWith" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code>INST</code> of <code>COL</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code> essentially (i.e. <code>INST</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code>COL</code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code>COL</code>. Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Collection" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Integer" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Relation" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UniqueAnatomicalPartType" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Heart" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CollectionUnionFn" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TheSet" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PrimeNumber" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers)) This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not necessarily true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/UniversalVocabularyMt" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texture" class="cyc_term">Texture</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> such that each has the same (main exterior) texture. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texture" class="cyc_term">Texture</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Rough" class="cyc_term">Rough</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Smooth" class="cyc_term">Smooth</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Slimy" class="cyc_term">Slimy</a>. texture Texture A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texture" class="cyc_term">Texture</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> such that each has the same (main exterior) texture. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texture" class="cyc_term">Texture</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Rough" class="cyc_term">Rough</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Smooth" class="cyc_term">Smooth</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Slimy" class="cyc_term">Slimy</a>. texture Texture A collection of collections. Each specialization of this collection is a collection of collections of objects characterized by some sensible feature. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectTypeByTaste" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByTaste</a> is the collection of collections of objects characterized by their taste. It includes the collection of salty things, sweet things, etc. sensory information ObjectTypeBySensibleFeature (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/wikipediaArticleURL" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in #$Wikipedia-WebSite THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL wikipediaArticleURL A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texture" class="cyc_term">Texture</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> such that each has the same (main exterior) texture. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Texture" class="cyc_term">Texture</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Rough" class="cyc_term">Rough</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Smooth" class="cyc_term">Smooth</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Slimy" class="cyc_term">Slimy</a>. texture Texture faceting collection type A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CollectionType" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FacetingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> is a collection-type that "facets" -- i.e. stands in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/facets_Generic" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> (q.v.) relation to -- another collection. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AutomobileTypeByBrand" class="cyc_term">AutomobileTypeByBrand</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MusicTypeByGenre" class="cyc_term">MusicTypeByGenre</a>, which facet <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Music" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, respectively. FacetingCollectionType prettyString (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Pretty String