]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateActors" class="cyc_term">animateActors</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectActedOn" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> (qq.v.). This predicate relates an event to any living things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalLivingObject" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>) that are significantly affected in that event. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateActedOn" class="cyc_term">animateActedOn</a> EVENT BLO) means that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectActedOn" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> EVENT BLO) and BLO is alive during EVENT. An important specialization of this predicate is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/bodilyActedOn" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimateActivity" class="cyc_term">AnimateActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateDoer" class="cyc_term">animateDoer</a>. Mx4rwi_rqlWAQdeXaeAcOtLt7g Animate Acted On animateActedOn (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animalBLOInjuredIn" class="cyc_term">animalBLOInjuredIn</a> EVENT ANIMAL-BLO) means that, during the course of EVENT, ANIMAL-BLO -- which may be either an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Animal" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> or an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimalBodyPart" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart</a> -- suffers damage sufficient to qualify as an 'injury'. The injury may be due to the actions of an outside actor, as when a person is struck by a falling rock, or not, as when a person strains a calf muscle while jogging. When ANIMAL-BLO is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimalBodyPart" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart</a>, the animal of which it is a part is also injured. Animal BLO Injured In animalBLOInjuredIn hostages hostage '(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/hostages" class="cyc_term">hostages</a> HOLDING PERSON)' means that PERSON is being held hostage in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HoldingHostage" class="cyc_term">HoldingHostage</a>s event HOLDING. casualty organismKilledOrInjuredIn (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/organismKilledOrInjuredIn" class="cyc_term">organismKilledOrInjuredIn</a> EVENT ORGANISM) means that ORGANISM was killed or injured in EVENT. This is the common generalization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animalInjuredIn" class="cyc_term">animalInjuredIn</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/organismKilled" class="cyc_term">organismKilled</a>. infectingActsOn infection target (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/infectingActsOn" class="cyc_term">infectingActsOn</a> INFECTING OBJECT) means that as a result of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InfectingEvent" class="cyc_term">InfectingEvent</a> INFECTING, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Organism_Whole" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> OBJECT will carry the type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Infection" class="cyc_term">Infection</a> conveyed by INFECTING. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/passengers" class="cyc_term">passengers</a> MOVE PERSON) means that the instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> PERSON is a passenger in the instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransportationEvent" class="cyc_term">TransportationEvent</a> MOVE. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/passengers" class="cyc_term">passengers</a> MOVE PERSON) implies (i) that PERSON is transported in MOVE, so that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/transportees" class="cyc_term">transportees</a> MOVE PERSON) also holds, and (ii) PERSON does not control the transporter in MOVE, or in any sub-event (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subEvents" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>) of MOVE, so that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/not" class="cyc_term">not</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/driverActor" class="cyc_term">driverActor</a> SUB-MOVE PERSON)) holds for any sub-event SUB-MOVE of MOVE. passenger passengers hitTarget Hit Target '(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/hitTarget" class="cyc_term">hitTarget</a> HIT VICTIM)' means that VICTIM is the person killed in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/MurderForHire" class="cyc_term">MurderForHire</a> HIT. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/crewMember" class="cyc_term">crewMember</a> OPERATE PERSON) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> PERSON is a member of the crew needed to perform the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransportationEvent" class="cyc_term">TransportationEvent</a> OPERATE appropriately. Very often the only <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/crewMember" class="cyc_term">crewMember</a> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/driverActor" class="cyc_term">driverActor</a> (when driving an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> for instance), but there are cases when there are more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/crewMember" class="cyc_term">crewMember</a>s (when driving a large <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Ship" class="cyc_term">Ship</a> for instance). crewMember Crew Member animal giving birth birthParent A predicate relating a birth event to the parent giving birth. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/birthParent" class="cyc_term">birthParent</a> BIRTH PARENT) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Animal" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> PARENT is the parent giving birth in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BirthEvent" class="cyc_term">BirthEvent</a> BIRTH. Note that PARENT is typically also the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/femaleParentActor" class="cyc_term">femaleParentActor</a> of some preceding <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalReproductionEvent" class="cyc_term">BiologicalReproductionEvent</a>. bodilyActedOn agent physically acted on The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/bodilyActedOn" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a> is used to describe an event in which a living organism is acted on by some external agency. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/bodilyActedOn" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a> EVENT ORG) means that ORG is a living organism (i.e., an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Organism_Whole" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>) that is being affected in EVENT. ORG itself may be intentionally participating in EVENT (e.g., a person voluntarily getting a haircut) or not (e.g., an animal hit by a car). Either way, the organism ORG is not an active primary `doer' of EVENT. This predicate is appropriately used to identify actors who undergo (instances of) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DrugTherapy" class="cyc_term">DrugTherapy</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IncurringAnInjury" class="cyc_term">IncurringAnInjury</a>. Note an important contrast with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/bodilyDoer" class="cyc_term">bodilyDoer</a> (q.v.): <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/bodilyActedOn" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a> is for events that merely happen to the body, as opposed to actions the body does. Because the body of an organism is an active `doer' in its instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysiologicalCondition" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a>, including any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InjuryCondition" class="cyc_term">InjuryCondition</a> (which is the physical process of a body sustaining an injury and responding by healing or deteriorating), an organism is related to events of those kinds with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/bodilyDoer" class="cyc_term">bodilyDoer</a> rather than <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/bodilyActedOn" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a>. By contrast, organisms involved in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/DrugTherapy" class="cyc_term">DrugTherapy</a> (which refers to the effect of a drug on the patient) or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IncurringAnInjury" class="cyc_term">IncurringAnInjury</a> (which refers to the event in which an organism gets injured, rather than the process of its being in an injured and hopefully healing state) should be related to events of those types with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/bodilyActedOn" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a>. Event Affects Organism Part (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/eventAffectsOrganismPart" class="cyc_term">eventAffectsOrganismPart</a> EVT PART) says that EVT affects <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/OrganismPart" class="cyc_term">OrganismPart</a> PART. For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/eventAffectsOrganismPart" class="cyc_term">eventAffectsOrganismPart</a> ExposureToRadiation001 CellCluster001) says that CellCluster001 is affected by ExposureToRadiation001. This is a general predicate the use of which should usually be superceded in favor of its spec preds, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/situationAffectsBodyPart" class="cyc_term">situationAffectsBodyPart</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/eventAffectsPlantPart" class="cyc_term">eventAffectsPlantPart</a>. eventAffectsOrganismPart arrested agent arrestee The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/arrestee" class="cyc_term">arrestee</a> relates the person arrested to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ArrestingSomeone" class="cyc_term">ArrestingSomeone</a> event in which he or she was arrested. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/arrestee" class="cyc_term">arrestee</a> EVENT PERSON) means that PERSON was the person arrested during EVENT. (rider TRANS AGT) means that AGT, a member of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Agent_Generic" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>, is a rider in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransportationEvent" class="cyc_term">TransportationEvent</a> TRANS. rider rider An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateActors" class="cyc_term">animateActors</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectActedOn" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> (qq.v.). This predicate relates an event to any living things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalLivingObject" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>) that are significantly affected in that event. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateActedOn" class="cyc_term">animateActedOn</a> EVENT BLO) means that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectActedOn" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> EVENT BLO) and BLO is alive during EVENT. An important specialization of this predicate is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/bodilyActedOn" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimateActivity" class="cyc_term">AnimateActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateDoer" class="cyc_term">animateDoer</a>. Animate Acted On animateActedOn An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateActors" class="cyc_term">animateActors</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectActedOn" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> (qq.v.). This predicate relates an event to any living things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalLivingObject" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>) that are significantly affected in that event. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateActedOn" class="cyc_term">animateActedOn</a> EVENT BLO) means that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectActedOn" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> EVENT BLO) and BLO is alive during EVENT. An important specialization of this predicate is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/bodilyActedOn" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimateActivity" class="cyc_term">AnimateActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateDoer" class="cyc_term">animateDoer</a>. Animate Acted On animateActedOn A collection of binary predicates; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> relates some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> to a temporal thing involved in that event (here called a "participant", although the thing in question might not be playing an active role in the event). The first argument of every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> is constrained to be an instance of some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>, and the second argument is constrained to be an instance of some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>. All instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> have <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/actors" class="cyc_term">actors</a> as their <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genlPreds" class="cyc_term">genlPreds</a>, directly or indirectly, so that the actor slots form a kind of hierarchy. Each specialized actor slot indicates how its participant participates in the event, i.e., in what role (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/inputs" class="cyc_term">inputs</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/outputs" class="cyc_term">outputs</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Actor slots are not used to indicate the time of an event's occurrence, external representations of the event, and other more remotely related things that are not directly or indirectly "involved" in the occurrence of the event. Time and other quantities are relevant to events but are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>; thus, they are related to events by some non-<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> predicate. Things which are remotely related to the event -- for instance, someone who is affected by the event but doesn't exist when the event occurs -- may be related using some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a> that does not belong to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/affectedAgent" class="cyc_term">affectedAgent</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a>. ActorSlot predicate describing actors in events BiologicalLivingObject The collection of all structures that are composed of one or more living cells (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Cell" class="cyc_term">Cell</a>). Biological living objects (or "BLO"s) might either be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Organism_Whole" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> (like dogs or pine trees) or components of such whole living organisms (like noses, tails, and pine needles). The healthy leg of a living person is a BLO (as is the person), but an amputated leg is not a BLO. Almost every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalLivingObject" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> is either capable of biological reproduction itself or has components which are capable of biological reproduction (such as the cells in a living arm). Red blood cells are abnormal instances of BLO in that they cannot reproduce. living thing Event event An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> and thus also of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IntangibleIndividual" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporallyExistingThing" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a> (qq.v). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> is a dynamic situation in which the state of the world changes; each instance is something one would say "happens". Events are intangible because they are changes per se, not tangible objects that effect and undergo changes. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event_Localized" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GeneralizedTransfer" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s should not be confused with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s (q.v.). The temporal bounds of events are delineated by time intervals, but in contrast to many events time intervals have no spatial location or extent. An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateActors" class="cyc_term">animateActors</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectActedOn" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> (qq.v.). This predicate relates an event to any living things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BiologicalLivingObject" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>) that are significantly affected in that event. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateActedOn" class="cyc_term">animateActedOn</a> EVENT BLO) means that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectActedOn" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> EVENT BLO) and BLO is alive during EVENT. An important specialization of this predicate is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/bodilyActedOn" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AnimateActivity" class="cyc_term">AnimateActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/animateDoer" class="cyc_term">animateDoer</a>. Animate Acted On animateActedOn