]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw Anchor Point In Line Segment (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/anchorPointInLineSegment" class="cyc_term">anchorPointInLineSegment</a> POINT LINESEGMENT) means that POINT is a point incident with LINESEGMENT that is either a boundary point of LINESEGMENT, or is an interior anchor point of LINESEGMENT where two instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LineSegment" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a> that are part of LINESEGMENT meet. anchorPointInLineSegment The most general predicate relating a vertex to the thing on which that vertex is a point. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/vertexOfGeometricallyDescribableThing" class="cyc_term">vertexOfGeometricallyDescribableThing</a> POINT THING)</code> means that <code>POINT</code> is a vertex of <code>THING</code>. vertexOfGeometricallyDescribableThing Vertex Of Geometrically Describable Thing generalizations Generalizations The most general reified instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TaxonomicSlotForAnyThing" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForAnyThing</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/generalizations" class="cyc_term">generalizations</a> relates things of various kinds to things of the same kind that are correlatively at least as general or inclusive as they are. Thus it relates a set (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Set_Mathematical" class="cyc_term">Set_Mathematical</a>) to its supersets, a collection (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Collection" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>) to the collections that subsume it, a more-specific predicate (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Predicate" class="cyc_term">Predicate</a>s) to those predicates that are correspondingly less-specific than it, etc. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/generalizations" class="cyc_term">generalizations</a> is itself the common generalization of a number of more type-specific generalization predicates, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subsetOf" class="cyc_term">subsetOf</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genlPreds" class="cyc_term">genlPreds</a> (qq.v.). When making assertions to the Cyc Knowledge Base, it is better to use one of these more specific predicates instead of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/generalizations" class="cyc_term">generalizations</a> whenever possible. Instantiation Of Underspecified instantiationOf-Underspecified An underspecified predicate used for parsing claims that one thing "instantiates" another thing. thing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Thing" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> is the "universal collection": the collection which, by definition, contains everything there is. Every thing in the Cyc ontology -- every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (of any kind), every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Set_Mathematical" class="cyc_term">Set_Mathematical</a>, and every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Collection" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> -- is an instance of (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Thing" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>. Similarly, every collection is a subcollection of (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Thing" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>. Trivially, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Thing" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> is both an instance of and a subcollection of itself, and is not a subcollection of any other collection. (Note that the above reference to "every thing in the Cyc ontology" is not meant to be limited to things actually reified in the Cyc system, but includes (e.g.) every instance -- reified or not, known or not -- of every collection recognized by Cyc.) Thing BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm taxonomy link predicate The collection of predicates, including e.g. #$broaderThan, used to describe links within a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Taxonomy" class="cyc_term">Taxonomy</a>. For taxonomy TAXON, GAFs involving these predicates are asserted (usually by rules) into (ContextOfPCWFn TAXON). Certain population rules which apply to all of these predicates are forward generated based on (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> PRED <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TaxonomyLinkPredicate" class="cyc_term">TaxonomyLinkPredicate</a>). TaxonomyLinkPredicate BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm BT <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/broaderTerm" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. broaderTerm TransitiveBinaryPredicate A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicateTypeByLogicalFeature" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicateTypeByLogicalFeature</a> and thus a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>. A binary predicate <code>PRED</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransitiveBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TransitiveBinaryPredicate</a> only if it has the following property: For any <code>THING1</code>, <code>THING2</code>, and <code>THING3</code>, if both of these hold: <pre> (PRED THING1 THING2) (PRED THING2 THING3) </pre> Then so does this: <pre> (PRED THING1 THING3) . </pre> Note that a necessary condition on <code>PRED</code>'s being transitive is that its two argument-places must be co-satisfiable; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/cosatisfiableInArgs" class="cyc_term">cosatisfiableInArgs</a> and #$NoteOnArgumentCosatisfiabilityRequirement. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransitiveBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TransitiveBinaryPredicate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/greaterThan" class="cyc_term">greaterThan</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/geographicalSubRegions" class="cyc_term">geographicalSubRegions</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/cotemporal" class="cyc_term">cotemporal</a>. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/QuasiTransitiveBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">QuasiTransitiveBinaryPredicate</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate</a>. transitive binary predicate