]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> STUFFTYPE OBJTYPE) means that the stuff-like collection STUFFTYPE has as its temporal granules (or granularity level) instances of the object-like collection OBJTYPE. If some collection is temporally stuff-like, that means that the instances of that collection can be divided temporally, and the temporal slices remaining will still be instances of that collection; e.g., a time slice of some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> is still a person, and a temporal slice of a walking process is still a walking process (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>). Such division cannot always go on indefinitely, however: eventually, division of something temporally stuff-like will result in the temporally object-like 'granules' out of which the stuff-like thing is composed. For instances, division of a walking process would eventually result in individual steps. At this level of division or below, the remaining temporal slices do NOT count as instances of the temporal stuff-type from which they were divided. This may seem counter-intuitive, but since the individual temporal granules of a temporal stuff typically do NOT have most of the properties that the groups made of the granules have (including the property of being temporally stuff-like), we do not count the individual granules as instances of the collection of which they are granules. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfSpatialStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfSpatialStuff</a>. granuleOfTemporalStuff Granule Of Temporal Stuff (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> STUFFTYPE OBJTYPE) means that the stuff-like collection STUFFTYPE has as its temporal granules (or granularity level) instances of the object-like collection OBJTYPE. If some collection is temporally stuff-like, that means that the instances of that collection can be divided temporally, and the temporal slices remaining will still be instances of that collection; e.g., a time slice of some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> is still a person, and a temporal slice of a walking process is still a walking process (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>). Such division cannot always go on indefinitely, however: eventually, division of something temporally stuff-like will result in the temporally object-like 'granules' out of which the stuff-like thing is composed. For instances, division of a walking process would eventually result in individual steps. At this level of division or below, the remaining temporal slices do NOT count as instances of the temporal stuff-type from which they were divided. This may seem counter-intuitive, but since the individual temporal granules of a temporal stuff typically do NOT have most of the properties that the groups made of the granules have (including the property of being temporally stuff-like), we do not count the individual granules as instances of the collection of which they are granules. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfSpatialStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfSpatialStuff</a>. granuleOfTemporalStuff Granule Of Temporal Stuff (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> STUFFTYPE OBJTYPE) means that the stuff-like collection STUFFTYPE has as its temporal granules (or granularity level) instances of the object-like collection OBJTYPE. If some collection is temporally stuff-like, that means that the instances of that collection can be divided temporally, and the temporal slices remaining will still be instances of that collection; e.g., a time slice of some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> is still a person, and a temporal slice of a walking process is still a walking process (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>). Such division cannot always go on indefinitely, however: eventually, division of something temporally stuff-like will result in the temporally object-like 'granules' out of which the stuff-like thing is composed. For instances, division of a walking process would eventually result in individual steps. At this level of division or below, the remaining temporal slices do NOT count as instances of the temporal stuff-type from which they were divided. This may seem counter-intuitive, but since the individual temporal granules of a temporal stuff typically do NOT have most of the properties that the groups made of the granules have (including the property of being temporally stuff-like), we do not count the individual granules as instances of the collection of which they are granules. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfSpatialStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfSpatialStuff</a>. granuleOfTemporalStuff Granule Of Temporal Stuff FirstOrderCollectionPredicate A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PredicateType" class="cyc_term">PredicateType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SetOrCollectionPredicate" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollectionPredicate</a> (q.v.). First-order collection predicates are used to make statements about first-order collections or types, primarily in order to say something about their instances. They generally provide a simpler way of stating what could be stated (albeit less tersely) without the use of collection-predicates (viz. by referring more directly to the instances themselves). More precisely: each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollectionPredicate" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollectionPredicate</a> is a predicate at least one of whose relata is always a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> (q.v.). Such predicates are typically used to make ground-atomic sentences (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CycLClosedAtomicSentence" class="cyc_term">CycLClosedAtomicSentence</a>) that are in principle equivalent to certain quantified sentences that involve no set-or-collection-predicates. <p/> For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsaForType" class="cyc_term">argIsaForType</a> is a &quot;type-level&quot; correlate of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsa" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a> that enables one to place a particular argument-type constraint on every instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RelationshipType" class="cyc_term">RelationshipType</a> in one fell-swoop. Thus, a ground-atomic sentence <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsaForType" class="cyc_term">argIsaForType</a> <b>RELNTYPE</b> <b>ARGNUM</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> is equivalent to the quantified sentence <p/> <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/forAll" class="cyc_term">forAll</a> ?RELN (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/implies" class="cyc_term">implies</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ?RELN <b>RELNTYPE</b>) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsa" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a> ?RELN <b>ARGNUM</b> <b>COL</b>))) . </pre> type predicate top-topic Top-Topic (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> STUFFTYPE OBJTYPE) means that the stuff-like collection STUFFTYPE has as its temporal granules (or granularity level) instances of the object-like collection OBJTYPE. If some collection is temporally stuff-like, that means that the instances of that collection can be divided temporally, and the temporal slices remaining will still be instances of that collection; e.g., a time slice of some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> is still a person, and a temporal slice of a walking process is still a walking process (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>). Such division cannot always go on indefinitely, however: eventually, division of something temporally stuff-like will result in the temporally object-like 'granules' out of which the stuff-like thing is composed. For instances, division of a walking process would eventually result in individual steps. At this level of division or below, the remaining temporal slices do NOT count as instances of the temporal stuff-type from which they were divided. This may seem counter-intuitive, but since the individual temporal granules of a temporal stuff typically do NOT have most of the properties that the groups made of the granules have (including the property of being temporally stuff-like), we do not count the individual granules as instances of the collection of which they are granules. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfSpatialStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfSpatialStuff</a>. granuleOfTemporalStuff Granule Of Temporal Stuff A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally object-like. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is temporally object-like just in case it generally holds that any proper purely temporal parts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is not itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>. More precisely, a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> just in case it satisfies the following: For any distinct <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code>, then <i>not</i> <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code>. <p/> For example, none of the proper time-slices of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is itself a calendar year. Likewise for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Conversely, a proper time-slice of a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Date" class="cyc_term">Date</a> might itself be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Date" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (e.g. an hour has minutes and seconds as time-slices); so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Date" class="cyc_term">Date</a> is <i>not</i> a temporal-object-type. <p/> See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally stuff-like. TemporalObjectType temporal object type TemporalStuffType type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code><b>COL</b></code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> (with <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> at or above <code><b>COL</b></code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code>. <p/> Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code><b>WALK</b></code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> of <code><b>WALK</b></code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/granuleOfTemporalStuff" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/WalkingOnTwoLegs" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like.