]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A binary predicate which relates instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBOCreation" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> to instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/iboCreated" class="cyc_term">iboCreated</a> CREATION IBO) means that the tangible information-bearing object IBO is created in the event CREATION. For example, my copy of today's morning newspaper was created during the previous night's paper-publishing event. If the "information-bearing object" generated by CREATION is not a physical object (i.e. an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>), use the less specific predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ibtGenerated" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>. iboCreated Mx4rvWLaoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Ibo Created information and CWs topic InformationAndCWs-Topic A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject" class="cyc_term">CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (or "IBO") is a physical object that can be interpreted to yield information. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> includes: (1) artifacts made solely for the purpose of conveying information (e.g., a newspaper, or a children's science video); (2) artifacts that convey information in addition to their intended function (e.g., Neolithic pottery); and (3) non-artifacts, such as a person's fingerprints or cellular DNA, which may be interpreted to yield information. See the comment on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> on the importance of distinguishing the many specializations of this collection from the many specializations of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AspatialInformationStore" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> (information which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfAIT" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIT</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> (conceptual and/or artistic creations which may be instantiated in particular IBOs -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/instantiationOfWork" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>). An important specialization of this collection (which naturally includes most of the things asserted so far in the Cyc <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/KnowledgeBase" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a> to be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>) is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HumanAccessibleIBO" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> -- objects which can be interpreted to yield information by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/containsInformation" class="cyc_term">containsInformation</a>. ibo InformationBearingObject A binary predicate which relates instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBOCreation" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> to instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/iboCreated" class="cyc_term">iboCreated</a> CREATION IBO) means that the tangible information-bearing object IBO is created in the event CREATION. For example, my copy of today's morning newspaper was created during the previous night's paper-publishing event. If the "information-bearing object" generated by CREATION is not a physical object (i.e. an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>), use the less specific predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ibtGenerated" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>. iboCreated Ibo Created A collection of binary predicates; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> relates some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> to a temporal thing involved in that event (here called a "participant", although the thing in question might not be playing an active role in the event). The first argument of every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> is constrained to be an instance of some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>, and the second argument is constrained to be an instance of some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>. All instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> have <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/actors" class="cyc_term">actors</a> as their <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genlPreds" class="cyc_term">genlPreds</a>, directly or indirectly, so that the actor slots form a kind of hierarchy. Each specialized actor slot indicates how its participant participates in the event, i.e., in what role (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/inputs" class="cyc_term">inputs</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/outputs" class="cyc_term">outputs</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/doneBy" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Actor slots are not used to indicate the time of an event's occurrence, external representations of the event, and other more remotely related things that are not directly or indirectly "involved" in the occurrence of the event. Time and other quantities are relevant to events but are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>; thus, they are related to events by some non-<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> predicate. Things which are remotely related to the event -- for instance, someone who is affected by the event but doesn't exist when the event occurs -- may be related using some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a> that does not belong to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/affectedAgent" class="cyc_term">affectedAgent</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Role" class="cyc_term">Role</a>. ActorSlot predicate describing actors in events IBOCreation creation of an information-bearing object A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalCreationEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBOCreation" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> is an event in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (hereafter IBO) is created. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBOCreation" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> include publishing a book, making a film, printing a photograph, molding a plastic credit card, painting a billboard, and minting a coin. When an IBO is created, its content may be either original, be copied from a prior <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingThing" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>, or be instantiated from an existing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ConceptualWork" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/iboCreated" class="cyc_term">iboCreated</a>. A binary predicate which relates instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBOCreation" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> to instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/iboCreated" class="cyc_term">iboCreated</a> CREATION IBO) means that the tangible information-bearing object IBO is created in the event CREATION. For example, my copy of today's morning newspaper was created during the previous night's paper-publishing event. If the "information-bearing object" generated by CREATION is not a physical object (i.e. an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>), use the less specific predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ibtGenerated" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>. iboCreated Ibo Created A binary predicate which relates instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/IBOCreation" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> to instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/InformationBearingObject" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/iboCreated" class="cyc_term">iboCreated</a> CREATION IBO) means that the tangible information-bearing object IBO is created in the event CREATION. For example, my copy of today's morning newspaper was created during the previous night's paper-publishing event. If the "information-bearing object" generated by CREATION is not a physical object (i.e. an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>), use the less specific predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ibtGenerated" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>. iboCreated Ibo Created