]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Main Color Of Object mainColorOfObject Mx4r45WD6H7_EdaAAAABAjVgzA The formula (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> ?OBJ ?COL) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> ?OBJ is almost entirely colored with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a> ?COL. For example, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownBear" class="cyc_term">BrownBear</a> may have green eyes and white claws, but we would still say that the bear is brown. Therefore, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownBear" class="cyc_term">BrownBear</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownColor" class="cyc_term">BrownColor</a>) would be true. The green and white would be referenced with the predicate, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a>. An example where it is NOT appropriate to use this predicate is to describe a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Zebra" class="cyc_term">Zebra</a>. Since a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Zebra" class="cyc_term">Zebra</a> is roughly equally black and white, we would not say that it is primarily either of those colors. In this case, it would be better to use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/significantColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">significantColorOfObject</a>. One should think of the expressions of the form 'The OBJECT is COLOR' when using this predicate. For example, even though an apple may have a brown stem and a green leaf, we would still say 'The apple is red'. Contrarily, we would NOT say 'That zebra is black'. Likewise, if we had a shirt that was 49% red and 51% green, we would NOT say that the color of that shirt is green. If we had a shirt that was green with a small, white insignia on the pocket, we WOULD, in this case, say that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a>, this shirt, is green. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/uniformColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a>. The formula (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/uniformColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a> OBJ COL) means that all of the visible parts of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> OBJ have the color the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a> COL. Hence, this predicate only applies to objects that are entirely one color. For example, the assertion (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/relationAllInstance" class="cyc_term">relationAllInstance</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/uniformColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LiquidFn" class="cyc_term">LiquidFn</a> Gold) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GoldColor" class="cyc_term">GoldColor</a>) means that all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/visibleParts" class="cyc_term">visibleParts</a> of all instances of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/LiquidFn" class="cyc_term">LiquidFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Gold" class="cyc_term">Gold</a>) are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/GoldColor" class="cyc_term">GoldColor</a>. This predicate should be used carefully, as it has far more strength than the other color predicates. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a>. Uniform Color Of Object uniformColorOfObject mainColorOfObject Main Color Of Object The formula (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> ?OBJ ?COL) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> ?OBJ is almost entirely colored with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a> ?COL. For example, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownBear" class="cyc_term">BrownBear</a> may have green eyes and white claws, but we would still say that the bear is brown. Therefore, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownBear" class="cyc_term">BrownBear</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownColor" class="cyc_term">BrownColor</a>) would be true. The green and white would be referenced with the predicate, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a>. An example where it is NOT appropriate to use this predicate is to describe a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Zebra" class="cyc_term">Zebra</a>. Since a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Zebra" class="cyc_term">Zebra</a> is roughly equally black and white, we would not say that it is primarily either of those colors. In this case, it would be better to use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/significantColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">significantColorOfObject</a>. One should think of the expressions of the form 'The OBJECT is COLOR' when using this predicate. For example, even though an apple may have a brown stem and a green leaf, we would still say 'The apple is red'. Contrarily, we would NOT say 'That zebra is black'. Likewise, if we had a shirt that was 49% red and 51% green, we would NOT say that the color of that shirt is green. If we had a shirt that was green with a small, white insignia on the pocket, we WOULD, in this case, say that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a>, this shirt, is green. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/uniformColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a>. FirstOrderCollectionPredicate A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PredicateType" class="cyc_term">PredicateType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SetOrCollectionPredicate" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollectionPredicate</a> (q.v.). First-order collection predicates are used to make statements about first-order collections or types, primarily in order to say something about their instances. They generally provide a simpler way of stating what could be stated (albeit less tersely) without the use of collection-predicates (viz. by referring more directly to the instances themselves). More precisely: each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollectionPredicate" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollectionPredicate</a> is a predicate at least one of whose relata is always a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> (q.v.). Such predicates are typically used to make ground-atomic sentences (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/CycLClosedAtomicSentence" class="cyc_term">CycLClosedAtomicSentence</a>) that are in principle equivalent to certain quantified sentences that involve no set-or-collection-predicates. <p/> For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsaForType" class="cyc_term">argIsaForType</a> is a &quot;type-level&quot; correlate of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsa" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a> that enables one to place a particular argument-type constraint on every instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/RelationshipType" class="cyc_term">RelationshipType</a> in one fell-swoop. Thus, a ground-atomic sentence <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsaForType" class="cyc_term">argIsaForType</a> <b>RELNTYPE</b> <b>ARGNUM</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> is equivalent to the quantified sentence <p/> <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/forAll" class="cyc_term">forAll</a> ?RELN (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/implies" class="cyc_term">implies</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ?RELN <b>RELNTYPE</b>) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/argIsa" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a> ?RELN <b>ARGNUM</b> <b>COL</b>))) . </pre> type predicate mainColorOfObject Main Color Of Object The formula (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> ?OBJ ?COL) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> ?OBJ is almost entirely colored with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a> ?COL. For example, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownBear" class="cyc_term">BrownBear</a> may have green eyes and white claws, but we would still say that the bear is brown. Therefore, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownBear" class="cyc_term">BrownBear</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownColor" class="cyc_term">BrownColor</a>) would be true. The green and white would be referenced with the predicate, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a>. An example where it is NOT appropriate to use this predicate is to describe a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Zebra" class="cyc_term">Zebra</a>. Since a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Zebra" class="cyc_term">Zebra</a> is roughly equally black and white, we would not say that it is primarily either of those colors. In this case, it would be better to use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/significantColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">significantColorOfObject</a>. One should think of the expressions of the form 'The OBJECT is COLOR' when using this predicate. For example, even though an apple may have a brown stem and a green leaf, we would still say 'The apple is red'. Contrarily, we would NOT say 'That zebra is black'. Likewise, if we had a shirt that was 49% red and 51% green, we would NOT say that the color of that shirt is green. If we had a shirt that was green with a small, white insignia on the pocket, we WOULD, in this case, say that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a>, this shirt, is green. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/uniformColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a>. localized spatial thing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>. This is the collection of all spatial things, tangible or intangible, that can meaningfully be said to have location or position in the empirical universe. <p/> Examples of spatially-localized things include all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things, such as trees and ships, as well as certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> spatial things, like the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/EarthsEquator" class="cyc_term">EarthsEquator</a>. Also included are those events that can be pinned-down to specific places (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Event_Localized" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>), and thus all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>s. Excluded from this collection are any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s that are <i>not</i> localized, such as -- arguably -- purely abstract geometrical figures (e.g. a Platonic sphere). <p/> Note that a fictional or imaginary object (such as Frodo, Captain Queeg, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/HAL9000_TheComputer" class="cyc_term">HAL9000_TheComputer</a>) is typically localized with respect to the universe of the fictional/imagnary context in which it is found, and so is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> with respect to that context. SpatialThing-Localized Color color A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SpatialThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> such that each has the same main exterior color. Use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> to assert that a particular thing's main exterior color is some color. For instance, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> THING COLOR) states that THING is predominantly the color COLOR. See also: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/significantColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">significantColorOfObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/uniformColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a>. mainColorOfObject Main Color Of Object The formula (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> ?OBJ ?COL) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> ?OBJ is almost entirely colored with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Color" class="cyc_term">Color</a> ?COL. For example, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownBear" class="cyc_term">BrownBear</a> may have green eyes and white claws, but we would still say that the bear is brown. Therefore, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownBear" class="cyc_term">BrownBear</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BrownColor" class="cyc_term">BrownColor</a>) would be true. The green and white would be referenced with the predicate, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a>. An example where it is NOT appropriate to use this predicate is to describe a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Zebra" class="cyc_term">Zebra</a>. Since a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Zebra" class="cyc_term">Zebra</a> is roughly equally black and white, we would not say that it is primarily either of those colors. In this case, it would be better to use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/significantColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">significantColorOfObject</a>. One should think of the expressions of the form 'The OBJECT is COLOR' when using this predicate. For example, even though an apple may have a brown stem and a green leaf, we would still say 'The apple is red'. Contrarily, we would NOT say 'That zebra is black'. Likewise, if we had a shirt that was 49% red and 51% green, we would NOT say that the color of that shirt is green. If we had a shirt that was green with a small, white insignia on the pocket, we WOULD, in this case, say that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a>, this shirt, is green. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/mainColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/objectHasColor" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/uniformColorOfObject" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a>.