]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalPartPredicate" class="cyc_term">TemporalPartPredicate</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/temporallySubsumes" class="cyc_term">temporallySubsumes</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/parts" class="cyc_term">parts</a> (qq.v.) that relates a temporal thing to any of its "pure" temporal parts. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> TEMP SLICE) means that SLICE is a part of TEMP that is distinguished from TEMP purely in terms of its temporal extent, which is subsumed by the temporal extent of TEMP itself. In other words, SLICE is "everything there is to" TEMP during the particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a> that SLICE occupies. For example, today's noon hour has the interval from 12:00 noon to 12:30 p.m. today as one of its time-slices; the first act of a particular performance of "Hamlet" is a time-slice of that performance of the whole play. There is no general agreement on exactly what types of temporal things have time-slices. Still, a few generalizations can be made. All and only time-slices of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s are themselves <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s. Indeed, one time interval temporally subsumes another if and only if the latter is a time-slice of the former. All and only time-slices of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s are themselves <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s. It is controversial whether any temporal things besides pure time intervals and temporal situations -- such as ordinary tangible objects -- have time-slices. Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA timeSlices Time Slices The developmental stages of living objects. Developmental Stages developmentalStages properTimeSlices Proper Time Slices A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalPartPredicate" class="cyc_term">TemporalPartPredicate</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properParts" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (qq.v.) that relates a temporal thing to any of its "pure" proper temporal parts. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/properTimeSlices" class="cyc_term">properTimeSlices</a> TEMP SLICE)</code> means that <code>SLICE</code> is a proper part of <code>TEMP</code> that is distinguished from <code>TEMP</code> purely in terms of its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/temporalExtent" class="cyc_term">temporalExtent</a>, which is properly subsumed by the temporal extent of <code>TEMP</code> itself. In other words, <code>SLICE</code> is "everything there is to" <code>TEMP</code> during the particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a> that <code>SLICE</code> occupies. For example, today's noon hour has the interval from 12:00 noon to 12:30 p.m. today as one of its proper time-slices; the first act of a particular performance of "Hamlet" is a proper time-slice of that performance of the whole play. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalPartPredicate" class="cyc_term">TemporalPartPredicate</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subSituations" class="cyc_term">subSituations</a> (qq.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/situationTemporalParts" class="cyc_term">situationTemporalParts</a> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> relation restricted (via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/typedGenlPreds" class="cyc_term">typedGenlPreds</a>) to holding between instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/situationTemporalParts" class="cyc_term">situationTemporalParts</a> SIT SITPART)</code> means that <code>SITPART</code> is a temporal part, or time-slice, of <code>SIT</code>, and is a temporal situation in its own right. Thus, <code>SITPART</code> is the situation that includes "everything there is to" <code>SIT</code> during (and only during) the particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a> that <code>SITPART</code> occupies. For a similar predicate that only relates events, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subProcesses" class="cyc_term">subProcesses</a>. situationTemporalParts Situation Temporal Parts A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalPartPredicate" class="cyc_term">TemporalPartPredicate</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/temporallySubsumes" class="cyc_term">temporallySubsumes</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/parts" class="cyc_term">parts</a> (qq.v.) that relates a temporal thing to any of its "pure" temporal parts. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> TEMP SLICE) means that SLICE is a part of TEMP that is distinguished from TEMP purely in terms of its temporal extent, which is subsumed by the temporal extent of TEMP itself. In other words, SLICE is "everything there is to" TEMP during the particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a> that SLICE occupies. For example, today's noon hour has the interval from 12:00 noon to 12:30 p.m. today as one of its time-slices; the first act of a particular performance of "Hamlet" is a time-slice of that performance of the whole play. There is no general agreement on exactly what types of temporal things have time-slices. Still, a few generalizations can be made. All and only time-slices of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s are themselves <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s. Indeed, one time interval temporally subsumes another if and only if the latter is a time-slice of the former. All and only time-slices of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s are themselves <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s. It is controversial whether any temporal things besides pure time intervals and temporal situations -- such as ordinary tangible objects -- have time-slices. timeSlices Time Slices A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. This is the collection of all things that have temporal extent or location -- things about which one might sensibly ask "When?". <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> thus contains many kinds of things, including events, physical objects, agreements, and pure intervals of time. Major specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SomethingExisting" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a> (qq.v.). Things that are timeless -- such as mathematical sets, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Collection" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>s, and numbers -- are of course not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AtemporalThing" class="cyc_term">AtemporalThing</a>). thing that exists in time TemporalThing A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalPartPredicate" class="cyc_term">TemporalPartPredicate</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/temporallySubsumes" class="cyc_term">temporallySubsumes</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/parts" class="cyc_term">parts</a> (qq.v.) that relates a temporal thing to any of its "pure" temporal parts. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> TEMP SLICE) means that SLICE is a part of TEMP that is distinguished from TEMP purely in terms of its temporal extent, which is subsumed by the temporal extent of TEMP itself. In other words, SLICE is "everything there is to" TEMP during the particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a> that SLICE occupies. For example, today's noon hour has the interval from 12:00 noon to 12:30 p.m. today as one of its time-slices; the first act of a particular performance of "Hamlet" is a time-slice of that performance of the whole play. There is no general agreement on exactly what types of temporal things have time-slices. Still, a few generalizations can be made. All and only time-slices of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s are themselves <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s. Indeed, one time interval temporally subsumes another if and only if the latter is a time-slice of the former. All and only time-slices of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s are themselves <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s. It is controversial whether any temporal things besides pure time intervals and temporal situations -- such as ordinary tangible objects -- have time-slices. timeSlices Time Slices A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/PartPredicate" class="cyc_term">PartPredicate</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ComplexTemporalPredicate" class="cyc_term">ComplexTemporalPredicate</a> (qq.v.). This is a collection of binary predicates that are used to relate instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> (q.v.) to their temporal parts or components. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalPartPredicate" class="cyc_term">TemporalPartPredicate</a> is a proper specialization (via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genlInverse" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/temporallySubsumes" class="cyc_term">temporallySubsumes</a> (q.v.). Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/startingPoint" class="cyc_term">startingPoint</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>. TemporalPartPredicate temporal part slot top-topic Top-Topic ReflexiveBinaryPredicate reflexive binary predicate The specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a> whose instances are reflexive relations. A reflexive binary predicate relates anything that meets the predicate's argument constraints to that thing itself. Typically, a reflexive predicate has precisely the same constraints on both of its argument-places. More precisely: a binary predicate <code>PRED</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ReflexiveBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">ReflexiveBinaryPredicate</a> if and only if both (i) for every <code>X</code> that satisfies the constraints on (i.e is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/admittedArgument" class="cyc_term">admittedArgument</a> for) both argument-places of <code>PRED</code>, <code>(PRED X X)</code> holds and (ii) <code>PRED</code>'s two argument-places are "co-satisfiable" with respect to their (single-argument) type constraints (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/cosatisfiableInArgs" class="cyc_term">cosatisfiableInArgs</a> and #$NoteOnArgumentCosatisfiabilityRequirement). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/ReflexiveBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">ReflexiveBinaryPredicate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/physicalParts" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/inRegion" class="cyc_term">inRegion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/equals" class="cyc_term">equals</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TemporalPartPredicate" class="cyc_term">TemporalPartPredicate</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/temporallySubsumes" class="cyc_term">temporallySubsumes</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/parts" class="cyc_term">parts</a> (qq.v.) that relates a temporal thing to any of its "pure" temporal parts. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> TEMP SLICE) means that SLICE is a part of TEMP that is distinguished from TEMP purely in terms of its temporal extent, which is subsumed by the temporal extent of TEMP itself. In other words, SLICE is "everything there is to" TEMP during the particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a> that SLICE occupies. For example, today's noon hour has the interval from 12:00 noon to 12:30 p.m. today as one of its time-slices; the first act of a particular performance of "Hamlet" is a time-slice of that performance of the whole play. There is no general agreement on exactly what types of temporal things have time-slices. Still, a few generalizations can be made. All and only time-slices of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s are themselves <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s. Indeed, one time interval temporally subsumes another if and only if the latter is a time-slice of the former. All and only time-slices of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s are themselves <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s. It is controversial whether any temporal things besides pure time intervals and temporal situations -- such as ordinary tangible objects -- have time-slices. timeSlices Time Slices TransitiveBinaryPredicate A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicateTypeByLogicalFeature" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicateTypeByLogicalFeature</a> and thus a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>. A binary predicate <code>PRED</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransitiveBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TransitiveBinaryPredicate</a> only if it has the following property: For any <code>THING1</code>, <code>THING2</code>, and <code>THING3</code>, if both of these hold: <pre> (PRED THING1 THING2) (PRED THING2 THING3) </pre> Then so does this: <pre> (PRED THING1 THING3) . </pre> Note that a necessary condition on <code>PRED</code>'s being transitive is that its two argument-places must be co-satisfiable; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/cosatisfiableInArgs" class="cyc_term">cosatisfiableInArgs</a> and #$NoteOnArgumentCosatisfiabilityRequirement. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/TransitiveBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">TransitiveBinaryPredicate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/greaterThan" class="cyc_term">greaterThan</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/geographicalSubRegions" class="cyc_term">geographicalSubRegions</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/cotemporal" class="cyc_term">cotemporal</a>. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/QuasiTransitiveBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">QuasiTransitiveBinaryPredicate</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate</a>. transitive binary predicate antisymmetric binary predicate A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicateTypeByLogicalFeature" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicateTypeByLogicalFeature</a> and thus a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/BinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>. A binary predicate <code>PRED</code> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate</a> if and only if it has the following two properties. (i) For any <code>THING1</code> and <code>THING2</code> such that both <code>(PRED THING1 THING2)</code> and <code>(PRED THING2 THING1)</code> hold, <code>THING1</code> = <code>THING2</code>. (ii) <code>PRED</code>'s two argument-places must be "co-satisfiable" with respect to their (single-argument) type constraints (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/cosatisfiableInArgs" class="cyc_term">cosatisfiableInArgs</a> and #$NoteOnArgumentCosatisfiabilityRequirement). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/greaterThanOrEqualTo" class="cyc_term">greaterThanOrEqualTo</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/parts" class="cyc_term">parts</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/subEvents" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>. See also the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/AsymmetricBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">AsymmetricBinaryPredicate</a>; and cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/en/SymmetricBinaryPredicate" class="cyc_term">SymmetricBinaryPredicate</a>. AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate