]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Mx8Ngh4r4n-ycMPvEdmAAACQJw5drh4rvVjeMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA (BecomingFn Transparent) clearing has brightened will clear up brightened lighting up cleared clear had lit up cleared up will have cleared had cleared have brightened brightening has lit up has cleared up will clear lights up will brighten clearing up have lit up will have cleared up have cleared have cleared up had cleared up will have brightened clears light up lit up brightens clears up clear up will have lit up has cleared had brightened brighten will light up http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-clear_up-verb-4 Quoted Isa A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MetaLanguagePredicate" class="cyc_term">MetaLanguagePredicate</a> (q.v.) that relates CycL expressions to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SubLExpressionType" class="cyc_term">SubLExpressionType</a>s (q.v.) of which they are instances. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/quotedIsa" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is thus like a restricted version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (q.v.), but with one important difference: the first argument-place of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/quotedIsa" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is "implicitly quoted" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/quotedArgument" class="cyc_term">quotedArgument</a>). So a ground atomic sentence of the form <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/quotedIsa" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> THING EXPR-TYPE)</code> does not mean that <code>THING</code> itself is an instance of <code>EXPR-TYPE</code>. Rather, such a sentence is partly self-referential, and means that the particular CycL expression appearing in the sentence's own first argument-position is an instance of <code>EXPR-TYPE</code>. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/quotedIsa" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> provides a convenient shorthand for stating certain things that would otherwise require explicit quotation (or some other device for naming expressions). This is better illustrated with a specific example. Suppose we wish to state that the CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndianOcean" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code> is an instance of the CycL expression type #$PublicConstant. We cannot express this with the straightforward <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndianOcean" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> #$PublicConstant)</code>, as that states the falsehood that the IndianOcean itself -- which is not a constant but a body of water -- is a public constant. But we can express precisely what we want like this: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/quotedIsa" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndianOcean" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> #$PublicConstant) . </pre> Now <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/quotedIsa" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MacroRelation" class="cyc_term">MacroRelation</a> (q.v.), and by its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/expansion" class="cyc_term">expansion</a> any given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/quotedIsa" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> sentence is equivalent to some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence with an explicitly quoted first argument. The sentence displayed above turns out to be equivalent to: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Quote" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndianOcean" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>) #$PublicConstant). </pre> But the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/quotedIsa" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version has two related practical advantages over the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version. First, the former is syntactically simpler than the latter. Second, the simpler syntax of the former makes it easier to browse in the Knowedge Base: while the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/quotedIsa" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version is conveniently indexed under the KB Browser page for the constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndianOcean" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version would apparently be indexed under a separate, brand new page for the term <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Quote" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndianOcean" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>)</code>. Generalizing the point, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/quotedIsa" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> lets us avoid having potentially to double the number of pages currently in the browser. For the semantically more complicated (but rarely encountered) case in which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/quotedIsa" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a>'s first argument-place is filled with an open expression, see the accompanying #$cyclistNotes. quotedIsa seeAlsoURI See Also URI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/seeAlsoURI" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally object-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally object-like just in case it generally holds that any proper purely temporal parts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>. More precisely, a collection <code>COL</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> just in case it satisfies the following: For any distinct <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then not <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. For example, none of the proper time-slices of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is itself a calendar year. Likewise for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TakingAStep" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Conversely, a proper time-slice of a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Date" class="cyc_term">Date</a> might itself be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Date" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (e.g. an hour has minutes and seconds as time-slices); so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Date" class="cyc_term">Date</a> is not a temporal-object-type. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally stuff-like. temporal object type TemporalObjectType prettyString Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. word net workflow constant not fully reviewed WordNetWorkflowConstant-NotFullyReviewed The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CycLConstant" class="cyc_term">CycLConstant</a>s created from the import of concepts from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/WordNet_Version2_0" class="cyc_term">WordNet_Version2_0</a> that have not yet been fully reviewed by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/HumanCyclist" class="cyc_term">HumanCyclist</a>. clearing (BecomingFn Transparent) event Event An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Situation" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> and thus also of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IntangibleIndividual" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporallyExistingThing" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a> (qq.v). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> is a dynamic situation in which the state of the world changes; each instance is something one would say "happens". Events are intangible because they are changes per se, not tangible objects that effect and undergo changes. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Event_Localized" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PhysicalEvent" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Action" class="cyc_term">Action</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeneralizedTransfer" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s should not be confused with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TimeInterval" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s (q.v.). The temporal bounds of events are delineated by time intervals, but in contrast to many events time intervals have no spatial location or extent. clearing (BecomingFn Transparent) clearing (BecomingFn Transparent)