]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. GeographicalPlace The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/collectionIntersection" class="cyc_term">collectionIntersection</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalThing" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Place" class="cyc_term">Place</a> (q.v.). Mx4rq1nU_oEgQdmLwqEN7EWrNw place that is also a geographical thing site that is also a geographical thing point that is also a geographical thing spot that is also a geographical thing Israeli settlement IsraeliSettlement The collection of all Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Israel" class="cyc_term">Israel</a> established and has held since the end of the #$Arab-IsraeliWar-1967. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Israel" class="cyc_term">Israel</a> formally withdrew its settlements from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GazaStrip" class="cyc_term">GazaStrip</a> and ended its military occupation of Gaza on September 12, 2005. moderately important geographical place An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalPlaceByNGAImportanceLevel" class="cyc_term">GeographicalPlaceByNGAImportanceLevel</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ModeratelyImportantGeographicalPlace" class="cyc_term">ModeratelyImportantGeographicalPlace</a> are of moderate importance according to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency_US" class="cyc_term">NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency_US</a>. ModeratelyImportantGeographicalPlace (SubcollectionOfWithRelationFromTypeFn Downtown downtownOf City) downtown RealEstate A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Place_NonAgent" class="cyc_term">Place_NonAgent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/RealEstate" class="cyc_term">RealEstate</a> is either a parcel of land or a land-based property that can be bought, sold, or rented. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/RealEstate" class="cyc_term">RealEstate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GroundsOfOrganization" class="cyc_term">GroundsOfOrganization</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Building" class="cyc_term">Building</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ModernShelterConstruction" class="cyc_term">ModernShelterConstruction</a>. real estate geographical region GeographicalRegion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalThing" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SurfaceRegion_Tangible" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Tangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalRegion" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> is a tangible spatial region that includes some piece of the surface of a planet (usually <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PlanetEarth" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a>), and may be represented on a map of the planet. This includes purely topographical regions like mountains and underwater spaces, places defined by demographics (e.g. language areas) and territory otherwise demarcated (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TimeZone" class="cyc_term">TimeZone</a>s). In "dualist" geopolitical contexts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/DualistGeopoliticalMt" class="cyc_term">DualistGeopoliticalMt</a>, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeopoliticalEntity" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> are also considered to be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalRegion" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. In all cases the region in question must contain some tangible component with which it is possible to make physical contact. The instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalRegion" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> contrast in this respect with the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalThing_Intangible" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing_Intangible</a>, which are wholly intangible. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalRegion" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/RockyMountainStates_USRegion" class="cyc_term">RockyMountainStates_USRegion</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ContinentOfAustralia" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAustralia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SinaiPeninsula" class="cyc_term">SinaiPeninsula</a>, and -- in "dualist" geopolitical contexts -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/YaleUniversity" class="cyc_term">YaleUniversity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CityOfPittsburghPA" class="cyc_term">CityOfPittsburghPA</a>. Some important types of regions are represented by the sub-collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/LanguageArea" class="cyc_term">LanguageArea</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TimeZone" class="cyc_term">TimeZone</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PostalCodeRegion" class="cyc_term">PostalCodeRegion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/EcologicalRegion" class="cyc_term">EcologicalRegion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ConstructionSite" class="cyc_term">ConstructionSite</a>, and -- in "dualist" geopolitical contexts -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeopoliticalEntity" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. No instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalRegion" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> are wholly indoor locations. GeographicalPlace-0D The subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalThing_Intangible_FixedLocation" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing_Intangible_FixedLocation</a> whose instances are intangible points on the Earth's surface that have relatively fixed geographic locations. Each geographical point is located on a unique <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/LatitudeLine" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a> and on a unique <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/LongitudeLine" class="cyc_term">LongitudeLine</a>, and is itself the point of intersection of those two lines. geographic point VeryHighlyImportantGeographicalPlace very highly important geographical place An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalPlaceByNGAImportanceLevel" class="cyc_term">GeographicalPlaceByNGAImportanceLevel</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/VeryHighlyImportantGeographicalPlace" class="cyc_term">VeryHighlyImportantGeographicalPlace</a> are of utmost importance according to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency_US" class="cyc_term">NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency_US</a>. member of { ruin, place that is also a geographical thing } (CollectionIntersectionFn (TheSet RuinedArtifact GeographicalPlace)) HumanResidenceArea human residence A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalRegion" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/HumanResidenceArea" class="cyc_term">HumanResidenceArea</a> is a region in which a number of people live semi-permanently (that is, for a duration of at least a year or more). Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SanFranciscoBayArea" class="cyc_term">SanFranciscoBayArea</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ResearchTrianglePark" class="cyc_term">ResearchTrianglePark</a>, research stations at the #$SouthPole, and radar posts in the Aleutians. Dam A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FixedStructure" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FlowControlDevice" class="cyc_term">FlowControlDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Dam" class="cyc_term">Dam</a> is an artificial structure designed to restrain the flow of a stream. dam An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalPlaceByNGAImportanceLevel" class="cyc_term">GeographicalPlaceByNGAImportanceLevel</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/HighlyImportantGeographicalPlace" class="cyc_term">HighlyImportantGeographicalPlace</a> are of high importance according to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency_US" class="cyc_term">NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency_US</a>. HighlyImportantGeographicalPlace highly important geographical place The collection of all outposts. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ResidentialTerrainFeatureType" class="cyc_term">ResidentialTerrainFeatureType</a>. Outpost outpost SomewhatImportantGeographicalPlace An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalPlaceByNGAImportanceLevel" class="cyc_term">GeographicalPlaceByNGAImportanceLevel</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SomewhatImportantGeographicalPlace" class="cyc_term">SomewhatImportantGeographicalPlace</a> are of minor importance according to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency_US" class="cyc_term">NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency_US</a>. somewhat important geographical place aqueduct Aqueduct A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FluidConduit" class="cyc_term">FluidConduit</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Aqueduct" class="cyc_term">Aqueduct</a> is a conduit used to transport water for public use. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Aqueduct" class="cyc_term">Aqueduct</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SewerLine" class="cyc_term">SewerLine</a>. intangible geographical thing with a fixed location GeographicalThing-Intangible-FixedLocation The collection of all intangible things that have a relatively fixed geographic locations, such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/EarthsEquator" class="cyc_term">EarthsEquator</a>, the #$NorthPole, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/LongitudeLine" class="cyc_term">LongitudeLine</a>s, stable borders, etc. Contrast this with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalThing_Intangible_MovableLocation" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing_Intangible_MovableLocation</a>. unimportant geographical place An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalPlaceByNGAImportanceLevel" class="cyc_term">GeographicalPlaceByNGAImportanceLevel</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UnimportantGeographicalPlace" class="cyc_term">UnimportantGeographicalPlace</a> are of negligible importance according to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency_US" class="cyc_term">NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency_US</a>. UnimportantGeographicalPlace planned unit development PlannedUnitDevelopment The collection of all planned unit developments. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Neighborhood" class="cyc_term">Neighborhood</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PlannedUnitDevelopment" class="cyc_term">PlannedUnitDevelopment</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ResidentialTerrainFeatureType" class="cyc_term">ResidentialTerrainFeatureType</a>. building A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FixedStructure" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/HumanShelterConstruction" class="cyc_term">HumanShelterConstruction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Building" class="cyc_term">Building</a> is a (usually large) fixed structure with walls and a roof, and with some inside area or areas designed to be occupied by humans (but not necessarily as a residence). Examples include the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/EmpireStateBuilding" class="cyc_term">EmpireStateBuilding</a>, Hearst Castle, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/AircraftHangar" class="cyc_term">AircraftHangar</a> at O'Hare, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Lighthouse" class="cyc_term">Lighthouse</a> in the Mediterranean sea, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SydneyOperaHouse" class="cyc_term">SydneyOperaHouse</a>, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC" class="cyc_term">WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC</a>. Building A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TaxonomicSlotForCollections" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> and a specialization (via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/genlInverse" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/typeGenls" class="cyc_term">typeGenls</a> (q.v.). This is the most general of the "faceting" predicates. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/facets_Generic" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> COL COLTYPE)</code> means that <code>COLTYPE</code> corresponds to one way of dividing <code>COL</code> into subcollections. The instances of <code>COLTYPE</code> are all "the same sort" of subcollection of <code>COL</code>. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MovieTypeByGenre" class="cyc_term">MovieTypeByGenre</a> facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Movie_CW" class="cyc_term">Movie_CW</a> according to movie-genre; the former's instances thus include such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/WesternMovie" class="cyc_term">WesternMovie</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/HorrorMovie" class="cyc_term">HorrorMovie</a>. And <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FunctionTypeByRangeType" class="cyc_term">FunctionTypeByRangeType</a> facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Function_Denotational" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a> according to the type of thing a given function returns as values; the former's instances thus include such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndividualDenotingFunction" class="cyc_term">IndividualDenotingFunction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CollectionDenotingFunction" class="cyc_term">CollectionDenotingFunction</a>. Note that generic faceting does not entail that the instances of <code>COLTYPE</code> are mutually disjoint. Thus, a given film might be an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ChildrensMovie" class="cyc_term">ChildrensMovie</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ActionMovie" class="cyc_term">ActionMovie</a>. Note also that generic faceting does not entail that every instance of <code>COL</code> falls under some instance of <code>COLTYPE</code>. Thus, consider the universal identity function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IdentityFn" class="cyc_term">IdentityFn</a>. Its range of values is so broad that it does not fall under any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FunctionTypeByRangeType" class="cyc_term">FunctionTypeByRangeType</a>. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/facets_Generic" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/facets_Covering" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/facets_Strict" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/facets_Partition" class="cyc_term">facets_Partition</a>, as well as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/facets_NearCovering" class="cyc_term">facets_NearCovering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/facets_NearStrict" class="cyc_term">facets_NearStrict</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/facets_NearPartition" class="cyc_term">facets_NearPartition</a>. Whenever possible, one of these more specific predicates should be used. facets-Generic Facets-Generic GeographicalPlace The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/collectionIntersection" class="cyc_term">collectionIntersection</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalThing" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Place" class="cyc_term">Place</a> (q.v.). place that is also a geographical thing geographical thing GeographicalThing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/EnduringThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">EnduringThing_Localized</a>. This collection may be thought of as consisting of all the entities which are localizable within the context of a geography, in the sense that they might plausibly be represented on a map. This includes both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> entities like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalRegion" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>s, and also entities that may be wholly <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Intangible" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a>, like territorial borders and boundaries, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/LatitudeLine" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/LongitudeLine" class="cyc_term">LongitudeLine</a>s, trajectories of missiles and courses of ships, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/EarthsEquator" class="cyc_term">EarthsEquator</a>. GeographicalPlace The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/collectionIntersection" class="cyc_term">collectionIntersection</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalThing" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Place" class="cyc_term">Place</a> (q.v.). place that is also a geographical thing A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/typeGenls" class="cyc_term">typeGenls</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalPlace" class="cyc_term">GeographicalPlace</a> whose instances are types of populated places which can be ordered by their relative importance according to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency_US" class="cyc_term">NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency_US</a> (NGA). The NGA ranks certain populated places on a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 corresponding to places of extreme importance, and 5 to places of negligible importance. Currently (03/21/2006) the NGA's criteria for determining relative importance of a place is unknown. geographical place by NGA importance level GeographicalPlaceByNGAImportanceLevel prettyString Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. (CollectionIntersection2Fn Place GeographicalThing) place that is also a geographical thing A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TerroristAttackTargetTypeType" class="cyc_term">TerroristAttackTargetTypeType</a> is a collection a specialization of which, TYPE, appears in a (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/relationInstanceExists" class="cyc_term">relationInstanceExists</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/intendedAttackTargets" class="cyc_term">intendedAttackTargets</a> FOO TYPE) assertion for some FOO. The instances which have been selected offer the most complete coverage of the collections appearing in those assertions. It is useful, but not necessary, to think of this collection as a near faceting of the (non-reified) collection of things targeted in terrorist attacks. terrorist attack target type type TerroristAttackTargetTypeType cartographic feature type A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SecondOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CartographicFeatureType" class="cyc_term">CartographicFeatureType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Place" class="cyc_term">Place</a> whose instances are often displayed on maps or conceptualized cartographically. CartographicFeatureType The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/properParts" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/properParts" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/genlInverse" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/physicalParts" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CalendarYear" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object ObjectType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/equals" class="cyc_term">equals</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CycLReformulatorConstant" class="cyc_term">CycLReformulatorConstant</a> that relates pairs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CycLClosedDenotationalTerm" class="cyc_term">CycLClosedDenotationalTerm</a>s. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/rewriteOf" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> is, in a sense, a "directional" version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/equals" class="cyc_term">equals</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/rewriteOf" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> FAVORED-TERM DISFAVORED-TERM)</code> means that (1) <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> and <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> denote the same thing, and (2) <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> is deemed worthy of being privileged over <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> in the following senses: assertions made on <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> will be propagated to <code>FAVORED-TERM</code>, and whenever possible attempts to reason about <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> will be transformed into attempts to reason about <code>FAVORED-TERM</code>. The propagated assertions will differ from the original assertions only in that the propagated assertions will be the result of substituting <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> for <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> wherever <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> occurs in the original assertions. Note that substitution does not happen in the opposite direction. That is, assertions containing <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> will not propagate to <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. One common use of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/rewriteOf" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> is that in which <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> is a syntactically simpler term than <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. For example, <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> may contain fewer nested terms that denote <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Function_Denotational" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a>s than does <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/rewriteOf" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UnitedStatesNavy" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesNavy</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NavyFn" class="cyc_term">NavyFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UnitedStatesOfAmerica" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a>)) is a good example of this common sort of use. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/rewriteOf" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> expresses a strictly conventional notion of "directional" equality. Pragmatic considerations, not ontology, will dictate which term is chosen to occur as the privileged (left-hand side) term in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/rewriteOf" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> assertion. Thus, in the example the fact that simpler terms are generally easier to use (remember, manipulate, etc.) dictates that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UnitedStatesNavy" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesNavy</a> should be a rewrite of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NavyFn" class="cyc_term">NavyFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UnitedStatesOfAmerica" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a>), and not vice versa. Rewrite Of rewriteOf GeographicalPlace The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/collectionIntersection" class="cyc_term">collectionIntersection</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalThing" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Place" class="cyc_term">Place</a> (q.v.). place that is also a geographical thing candidate KB completeness node CandidateKBCompletenessNode A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/EnduringThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">EnduringThing_Localized</a> (q.v). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Place" class="cyc_term">Place</a> is a spatial thing which has a relatively permanent location. Thus, in a given microtheory, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Place" class="cyc_term">Place</a> is stationary with respect to the frame of reference of that microtheory. place Place GeographicalPlace The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/collectionIntersection" class="cyc_term">collectionIntersection</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GeographicalThing" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Place" class="cyc_term">Place</a> (q.v.). place that is also a geographical thing