]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. GrantingPermission A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a> is an event in which one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SocialBeing" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> grants some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Permission" class="cyc_term">Permission</a> to another. permitting Mx4rvVkB55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA permit allowing permits lets had allowed cleared clear has authorized will have cleared will have let had cleared clearing authorization had authorized will have allowed will have authorized will clear had let authorizing letting allowed authorized will allow have let will authorize has permitted authorizes will permit has let have cleared will have permitted had permitted clears have allowed authorizations have authorized allow permitted have permitted let will let allows authorize has cleared has allowed http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-permit-verb-1 LegalizingSomethingPreviouslyIllegal A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/LegalizingSomethingPreviouslyIllegal" class="cyc_term">LegalizingSomethingPreviouslyIllegal</a>, someone makes something legal that was previously illegal. legitimatising AdmitToMembership The collection of all events in which one or more people or organizations are granted permission [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a>] to become members of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Organization" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. A person may be admitted to membership in some organization but not join (e.g. a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/HighSchoolStudent" class="cyc_term">HighSchoolStudent</a> may be admitted to several colleges but will generally become a student of at most one of them). admission issuing a prescription IssuingAPrescription What doctors do when they write or call a pharmacy to say that a given patient should take a given drug according to some schedule. A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Trusting_GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">Trusting_GrantingPermission</a>, someone allows something else without fear. trusting Trusting-GrantingPermission A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PrivilegingSomeone" class="cyc_term">PrivilegingSomeone</a>, someone bestows a privilege upon someone. PrivilegingSomeone privileging the Right to Buy scheme RightToBuy A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a>. Margaret Thatcher's idea to allow a council house tenant to buy the council house with significant discounts based on how long the person has been living in the council house. licensing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IssuingALicense" class="cyc_term">IssuingALicense</a> is an event in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/License_LegalAgreement" class="cyc_term">License_LegalAgreement</a> is issued/granted to someone. IssuingALicense An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PermittingEntrance" class="cyc_term">PermittingEntrance</a> is an event in which someone is granted permission to enter a particular area. PermittingEntrance admission single communication act A collection of information transfer events; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> is a single-source transmission of information from <i>one</i> sender (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/senderOfInfo" class="cyc_term">senderOfInfo</a>) to one or more recipients (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/recipientOfInfo" class="cyc_term">recipientOfInfo</a>). Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> has a transmission sub-event (which is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IBTGeneration" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>) and one or more reception sub-events (which are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/AccessingAnIBT" class="cyc_term">AccessingAnIBT</a>). An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CommunicationAct_Single" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> starts when its transmission sub-event starts and ends when its accessing sub-event(s) end. CommunicationAct-Single seeAlsoURI See Also URI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/seeAlsoURI" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. Permissions Granted permissionsGranted An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/outputsCreated" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/permissionsGranted" class="cyc_term">permissionsGranted</a> relates an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Event" class="cyc_term">Event</a> to an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Permission" class="cyc_term">Permission</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/permissionsGranted" class="cyc_term">permissionsGranted</a> <b>EVENT</b> <b>PERMISSION</b>)</code> means that <code><b>PERMISSION</b></code> was granted/created in <code><b>EVENT</b></code>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/obligationsCreated" class="cyc_term">obligationsCreated</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CreationEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CooperationEvent" class="cyc_term">CooperationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Communicating" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a> is an event in which two or more agents specify the terms of an agreement (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Agreement" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>) to which they will be agreeing parties (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/agreeingAgents" class="cyc_term">agreeingAgents</a>), and subsequently enter into that agreement. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/EngagementEventPart_BecomingEngaged" class="cyc_term">EngagementEventPart_BecomingEngaged</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/EmployeeHiring" class="cyc_term">EmployeeHiring</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/DeclaringCeaseFire" class="cyc_term">DeclaringCeaseFire</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MakingAReservation" class="cyc_term">MakingAReservation</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/BreakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">BreakingAnAgreement</a>. MakingAnAgreement authorization GrantingPermission A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a> is an event in which one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SocialBeing" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> grants some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Permission" class="cyc_term">Permission</a> to another. permitting prettyString Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. GrantingPermission A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a> is an event in which one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SocialBeing" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> grants some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Permission" class="cyc_term">Permission</a> to another. permitting '(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/permitter" class="cyc_term">permitter</a> GRANT AGENT)' means that AGENT is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Agent_PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> who grants permission in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a> GRANT. agent giving permission permitter permittee agent given permission '(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/permittee" class="cyc_term">permittee</a> GRANT AGENT)' means that AGENT is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IntelligentAgent" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> who is granted permission in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a> GRANT. Authorizes Agent To Do authorizesAgentToDo GrantingPermission A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MakingAnAgreement" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/GrantingPermission" class="cyc_term">GrantingPermission</a> is an event in which one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SocialBeing" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> grants some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Permission" class="cyc_term">Permission</a> to another. permitting Required Arg 1 Pred requiredArg1Pred A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MetaPredicate" class="cyc_term">MetaPredicate</a> for stating that every instance of a given collection is related to some thing or things by a given predicate. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/requiredArg1Pred" class="cyc_term">requiredArg1Pred</a> <b>COL</b> <b>PRED</b>)</code> means that for every instance <code><b>INST</b></code> of <code><b>COL</b></code>, there exists some sequence <code><b>ARGS</b></code> such that <code>(<b>PRED</b> <b>INST</b> . <b>ARGS</b>)</code> holds. For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/requiredArg1Pred" class="cyc_term">requiredArg1Pred</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Organization" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/hasMembers" class="cyc_term">hasMembers</a>) means that every organization has at least one member. <p/> See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/requiredArg2Pred" class="cyc_term">requiredArg2Pred</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/requiredArg3Pred" class="cyc_term">requiredArg3Pred</a>. first-order collection An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CollectionType" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FixedOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporalObjectType" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ExistingStuffType" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. FirstOrderCollection Required Actor Slots requiredActorSlots A typed-specialization (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/typedGenlPreds" class="cyc_term">typedGenlPreds</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/rolesForEventType" class="cyc_term">rolesForEventType</a> (q.v.), whose second argument-place is constrained to instances (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/argIsa" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ActorSlot" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/requiredActorSlots" class="cyc_term">requiredActorSlots</a> EVENTTYPE ACTORSLOT) means that for any instance EVENT of EVENTTYPE, there is some participant ACTOR that fills ACTORSLOT in EVENT (i.e. (ACTORSLOT EVENT ACTOR) holds). For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/requiredActorSlots" class="cyc_term">requiredActorSlots</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CreationEvent" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/outputsCreated" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>) means that in any creation event some output is created.