]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. ladder Mx4rvVjkQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Ladder The collection of all ladders, which are devices that people use to climb to gain elevation. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndustrialEquipment" class="cyc_term">IndustrialEquipment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Simple" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Customary" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NonPoweredDevice" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Tool" class="cyc_term">Tool</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Ladder" class="cyc_term">Ladder</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a>. ladders Ladder http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Ladder" class="cyc_term">Ladder</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CollapsibleDevice" class="cyc_term">CollapsibleDevice</a>. StepLadder step ladder A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PhysicalDevice" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NonPoweredDevice" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a> is a device which does not need to have any kind of energy supplied to it in order for it to perform its intended function. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NonPoweredDevice" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a>s include tables, floor mats, bookshelves, shirts, and coat hangars. A hammer would not be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NonPoweredDevice" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a>, since it requires kinetic energy to perform its intended function. non-powered device NonPoweredDevice prettyString Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. Path-Customary A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Spatial" class="cyc_term">Path_Spatial</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Customary" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a> is a spatial path which was either designed as a path by some intelligent agent, or which has a significant known function as a path for movement. Examples include roads, railroads, sea-lanes, cowpaths, boardwalks, tubes, channels, blood vessels, fibers, wires, and communication links. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Customary" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a> may be either an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Simple" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a> (in which case it would be a path with two distinct ends, not forming a cycle) or an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Cyclic" class="cyc_term">Path_Cyclic</a>. route An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SecondOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ArtifactType" class="cyc_term">ArtifactType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Artifact" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s grouped together according to some feature(s) other than brand or model. kind of artifact not distinguished by brand or model ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory ladder Ladder The collection of all ladders, which are devices that people use to climb to gain elevation. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndustrialEquipment" class="cyc_term">IndustrialEquipment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Simple" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Customary" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NonPoweredDevice" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Tool" class="cyc_term">Tool</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Ladder" class="cyc_term">Ladder</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a>. Path-Simple An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Collection" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Generic" class="cyc_term">Path_Generic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Simple" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a> is a path with two distinct ends that do not &quot;overlap&quot; each other (in the case of spatial paths, the two ends are spatially disjoint). Since no instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Simple" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a> has ends that join at one point, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Simple" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Cyclic" class="cyc_term">Path_Cyclic</a>. Although instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Simple" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a> have distinct ends, some instances may have more than two things that are its &quot;end-points&quot;. For example, a path between Austin and Pittsburgh can also be a path between Texas and Pennsylvania. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Simple" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Pipe_GenericConduit" class="cyc_term">Pipe_GenericConduit</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Nerve" class="cyc_term">Nerve</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Stream" class="cyc_term">Stream</a>. path that is not a loop ladder Ladder The collection of all ladders, which are devices that people use to climb to gain elevation. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndustrialEquipment" class="cyc_term">IndustrialEquipment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Simple" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Customary" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NonPoweredDevice" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Tool" class="cyc_term">Tool</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Ladder" class="cyc_term">Ladder</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a>. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/properPhysicalDecompositions" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). <p/> Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/timeSlices" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code><b>COPY</b></code> of (say) &quot;Moby Dick&quot; is still a copy of &quot;Moby Dick&quot;. (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially <i>object-like</i>: if we take a scalpel and slice <code><b>COPY</b></code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of &quot;Moby Dick&quot;. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/BookCopy" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. <p/> See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ExistingStuffType" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object ladder Ladder The collection of all ladders, which are devices that people use to climb to gain elevation. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndustrialEquipment" class="cyc_term">IndustrialEquipment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Simple" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Customary" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NonPoweredDevice" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Tool" class="cyc_term">Tool</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Ladder" class="cyc_term">Ladder</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/wikipediaArticleName" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Wikipedia_WebSite" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME wikipediaArticleName Wikipedia Article Name <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndustrialEquipment" class="cyc_term">IndustrialEquipment</a> is the collection of tools and other artifacts that are routinely used in the manufacturing processes occuring at industrial facilities. industrial equipment IndustrialEquipment Tool tool A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PhysicalDevice" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Device_UserControlled" class="cyc_term">Device_UserControlled</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Tool" class="cyc_term">Tool</a> is a device that is used by people to manipulate or alter other objects or the immediate environment in some way. (Thus it does not include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PomPom" class="cyc_term">PomPom</a>s, e.g.) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Tool" class="cyc_term">Tool</a>s are typically controlled by their user during use and can be used more than once (so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Tool" class="cyc_term">Tool</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Device_OneTimeUse" class="cyc_term">Device_OneTimeUse</a>). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Tool" class="cyc_term">Tool</a> includes devices used in many different activities, as shown by this sampling its subcollections: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/WoodworkingTool" class="cyc_term">WoodworkingTool</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PlumbingTool" class="cyc_term">PlumbingTool</a>, some (but not all) kinds of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MedicalDevice" class="cyc_term">MedicalDevice</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CleaningImplement" class="cyc_term">CleaningImplement</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/WritingImplement" class="cyc_term">WritingImplement</a>. ladder Ladder The collection of all ladders, which are devices that people use to climb to gain elevation. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndustrialEquipment" class="cyc_term">IndustrialEquipment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Simple" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Customary" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NonPoweredDevice" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Tool" class="cyc_term">Tool</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Ladder" class="cyc_term">Ladder</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a>. wikipediaArticleURL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/wikipediaArticleURL" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Wikipedia_WebSite" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL Wikipedia Article URL ladder Ladder The collection of all ladders, which are devices that people use to climb to gain elevation. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IndustrialEquipment" class="cyc_term">IndustrialEquipment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Simple" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Path_Customary" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/NonPoweredDevice" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Tool" class="cyc_term">Tool</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Ladder" class="cyc_term">Ladder</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a>.