]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <font color="#ff0000">#$PhysicalAttribute</font>. Each instance of <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font> is a capacity of some tangible object to transmit light. Instances of <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Opaque" class="cyc_term">Opaque</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Translucent" class="cyc_term">Translucent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Transparent" class="cyc_term">Transparent</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/transparencyOfObject" class="cyc_term">transparencyOfObject</a>, which relates an object to its <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font>. Mx4rvLwPAHStEdaAAACgyZzFrg transparency ObjectTypeByTransparency transparencies http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-transparency-noun-2 A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Translucent" class="cyc_term">Translucent</a> representing a specific degree of transparency. Objects that are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SlightlyTranslucent" class="cyc_term">SlightlyTranslucent</a> block most light and can transmit only silhouettes. Heavy plastics and paper stock would be considered SlightlyTranslucent. Please see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectTypeByTransparency" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByTransparency</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/transparencyOfObject" class="cyc_term">transparencyOfObject</a> for more information. slightly translucent SlightlyTranslucent almost transparent Something you can see through but may add a tint or darken the view; e.g. haze. AlmostTransparent highly translucent HighlyTranslucent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Translucent" class="cyc_term">Translucent</a> representing a specific degree of transparency. Objects that are HighlyTranslucent transmit enough light to see hazy or blurry images. Showerd door and plastic food containers would be considered HighlyTranslucent. Please see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectTypeByTransparency" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByTransparency</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/transparencyOfObject" class="cyc_term">transparencyOfObject</a> for more information. opaque thing Opaque <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Opaque" class="cyc_term">Opaque</a> is a <font color="#ff0000">#$PhysicalAttribute</font> representing a specific degree of <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Opaque" class="cyc_term">Opaque</a> objects do not transmit light. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/transparencyOfObject" class="cyc_term">transparencyOfObject</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Translucent" class="cyc_term">Translucent</a> representing a specific degree of transparency. Objects that are VeryHighlyTranslucent transmit enough light to see images, but color or distort the images in some some way. Wine bottles and fresnel lenses would be considered VeryHighlyTranslucent. Please see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectTypeByTransparency" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByTransparency</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/transparencyOfObject" class="cyc_term">transparencyOfObject</a> for more information. VeryHighlyTranslucent very highly translucent thing VerySlightlyTranslucent very slightly translucent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Translucent" class="cyc_term">Translucent</a> representing a specific degree of transparency. Objects that are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/VerySlightlyTranslucent" class="cyc_term">VerySlightlyTranslucent</a> will block all but the brightest light and transmit no images. Poster board that can be penetrated by a flash bulb would be considered <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/VerySlightlyTranslucent" class="cyc_term">VerySlightlyTranslucent</a>. Please see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectTypeByTransparency" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByTransparency</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/transparencyOfObject" class="cyc_term">transparencyOfObject</a> for more information. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Translucent" class="cyc_term">Translucent</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectTypeByTransparency" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByTransparency</a> representing the all the degrees of transparency between <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Opaque" class="cyc_term">Opaque</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Transparent" class="cyc_term">Transparent</a>. Translucent objects can transmit light, but not enough to see clear images. When possible, avoid making assertions directly on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Translucent" class="cyc_term">Translucent</a> - use its five specs instead. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectTypeByTransparency" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByTransparency</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/transparencyOfObject" class="cyc_term">transparencyOfObject</a> for more information. Translucent translucence Transparent achromatism <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Transparent" class="cyc_term">Transparent</a> is a <font color="#ff0000">#$PhysicalAttribute</font> representing a specific degree of <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Transparent" class="cyc_term">Transparent</a> objects transmit enough light to see clear images. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/transparencyOfObject" class="cyc_term">transparencyOfObject</a>. ModeratelyTranslucent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Translucent" class="cyc_term">Translucent</a> representing a specific degree of transparency. Objects that are ModeratelyTranslucent transmit enough light to see indistinct images with some color but no detail. Standard white paper and the leaves of trees would be considered ModeratelyTranslucent. Please see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectTypeByTransparency" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByTransparency</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/transparencyOfObject" class="cyc_term">transparencyOfObject</a> for more information. moderately translucent murkiness Substances which are Murky can just barely be seen through. Murky second-order Cyc collection The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ThirdOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SecondOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SecondOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection seeAlsoURI See Also URI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/seeAlsoURI" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/KBDependentCollection" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a> of collections of collections (and thus an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CollectionTypeType" class="cyc_term">CollectionTypeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CollectionType" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>). A sibling-disjoint collection type is such that its known (i.e. KB-represented) instances are collections that -- save for any that are related to each other by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> and any that are explicitly asserted to be exceptions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/siblingDisjointExceptions" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a>) -- are disjoint from each other. <p/> More precisely, each instance <code><b>SIB</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SiblingDisjointCollectionType" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> is a collection of collections that has the following KB-dependent property: <p/> For any two known instances <code><b>COL1</b></code> and <code><b>COL2</b></code> of <code><b>SIB</b></code>, at least one of the following is known to hold: <pre> (a) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>COL2</b>) (b) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <b>COL2</b> <b>COL1</b>) (c) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/siblingDisjointExceptions" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>COL2</b>) (d) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/disjointWith" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>COL2</b>) </pre> Moreover, note that if <code><b>MT</b></code> is a context (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Microtheory" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>) in which (i) both <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>SIB</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>COL2</b> <b>SIB</b>)</code> hold and (ii) neither <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>COL2</b>)</code> nor <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <b>COL2</b> <b>COL1</b>)</code> nor <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/siblingDisjointExceptions" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>COL2</b>)</code> is known to hold (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/knownSentence" class="cyc_term">knownSentence</a>), then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/disjointWith" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> <b>COL1</b> <b>COL2</b>)</code> holds by default in <code><b>MT</b></code>. <p/> For example, in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/BiologyMt" class="cyc_term">BiologyMt</a> both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> are instances of the sibling-disjoint collection type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/BiologicalSpecies" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>, while neither (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>) nor (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a>) nor (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/siblingDisjointExceptions" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>) is known to hold in that context; consequently, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/disjointWith" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Dog" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>) holds by default in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/BiologyMt" class="cyc_term">BiologyMt</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SiblingDisjointCollectionType" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/BiologicalTaxon" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> (and its specializations), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/OrganismPartType" class="cyc_term">OrganismPartType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/RelationshipTypeByArity" class="cyc_term">RelationshipTypeByArity</a>. <p/> See the generalization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SiblingDisjointSetOrCollectionType" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointSetOrCollectionType</a>. Also cf. the stronger notion of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/DisjointCollectionType" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a>. SiblingDisjointCollectionType sibling disjoint collection type prettyString Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/prettyString" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CollectionType" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FacetingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> is a collection-type that &quot;facets&quot; -- i.e. stands in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/facets_Generic" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> (q.v.) relation to -- another collection. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/AutomobileTypeByBrand" class="cyc_term">AutomobileTypeByBrand</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MusicTypeByGenre" class="cyc_term">MusicTypeByGenre</a>, which facet <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Automobile" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Music" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, respectively. FacetingCollectionType faceting collection type typeGenls Type Genls A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TaxonomicSlotForCollections" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> (q.v.) that can be used to relate a given collection to a collection-of-collections (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CollectionType" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>) all of whose instances are specializations of the given collection. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/typeGenls" class="cyc_term">typeGenls</a> <b>COLTYPE</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> means that every instance of <code><b>COLTYPE</b></code> has <code><b>COL</b></code> as a generalization (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a>). <p/> For example, <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/typeGenls" class="cyc_term">typeGenls</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CreditCardTypeByBrand" class="cyc_term">CreditCardTypeByBrand</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CreditCard" class="cyc_term">CreditCard</a>)</code> means that each type of credit card is a subcollection of the collection of all credit cards. Note that this does <i>not</i> imply that every subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CreditCard" class="cyc_term">CreditCard</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CreditCardTypeByBrand" class="cyc_term">CreditCardTypeByBrand</a>. facet instance collection FacetInstanceCollection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CollectionType" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FacetInstanceCollection" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> is a collection that is an instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FacetingCollectionType" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> (q.v.). For example, the facet-instance-collection (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/WineOfVintageFn" class="cyc_term">WineOfVintageFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/YearFn" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 1926)) is an instance of the faceting-collection-type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/WineTypeByVintage" class="cyc_term">WineTypeByVintage</a>. A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/EnduringThing_Localized" class="cyc_term">EnduringThing_Localized</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> has a tangible (i.e. material) part and a temporal extent (i.e. it exists in time). It might or might not also have an intangible part. For example, a particular copy of a book is made of matter, has temporal extent, and also has an intangible part: the information content of the text markings on its pages. PartiallyTangible tangible thing collection with an event-like order A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CollectionWithAnEventLikeOrder" class="cyc_term">CollectionWithAnEventLikeOrder</a> is a collection whose instances are conventionally regarded as being ordered by some relation <code><b>RELN</b></code>, where <code><b>RELN</b></code> orders the members of <code><b>COL</b></code> in the manner in which events are ordered in linear time. <p/> More precisely, a collection is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CollectionWithAnEventLikeOrder" class="cyc_term">CollectionWithAnEventLikeOrder</a> just in case its instances are conventially regarded as being ordered by a relation <code><b>RELN</b></code> such that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/MathematicalOrdering" class="cyc_term">MathematicalOrdering</a> whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/baseSet" class="cyc_term">baseSet</a> is <code><b>COL</b></code>, and whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/orderingRelation" class="cyc_term">orderingRelation</a> is <code><b>RELN</b></code>, is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/EventLikeOrdering" class="cyc_term">EventLikeOrdering</a> (q.v.). <p/> For example, the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Distance" class="cyc_term">Distance</a> are conventionally regarded as being ordered by the relation <i><b>greater than</b></i>, and this ordering is event-like. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Distance" class="cyc_term">Distance</a> is a collection with an event-like order. CollectionWithAnEventLikeOrder PhysicalQualityOfTangibleOnly physical attribute that applies to tangible objects A collection of collections each of which represents a quality or property that can sensibly be ascribed and restricted to paradigmatic cases of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PartiallyTangible" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things, such as physical bodies. A specialization of <font color="#ff0000">#$PhysicalAttribute</font>. Each instance of <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font> is a capacity of some tangible object to transmit light. Instances of <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Opaque" class="cyc_term">Opaque</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Translucent" class="cyc_term">Translucent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Transparent" class="cyc_term">Transparent</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/transparencyOfObject" class="cyc_term">transparencyOfObject</a>, which relates an object to its <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font>. transparency ObjectTypeByTransparency AttributesOfMaterials-Material-Topic attributes of materials material topic type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential A collection of collections. Each instance <code><b>COL</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (<i>ANECT</i>) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code><b>COL</b></code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/disjointWith" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code><b>INST</b></code> of <code><b>COL</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> essentially (i.e. <code><b>INST</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code><b>COL</b></code>. <p/> Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Collection" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Integer" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Relation" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SpatialThing" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UniqueAnatomicalPartType" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Heart" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: <p/> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CollectionUnionFn" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TheSet" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PrimeNumber" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> <i>TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers</i>)) <p/> This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporalThing" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not <i>necessarily</i> true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. <p/> When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UniversalVocabularyMt" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. <p/> Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType A specialization of <font color="#ff0000">#$PhysicalAttribute</font>. Each instance of <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font> is a capacity of some tangible object to transmit light. Instances of <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Opaque" class="cyc_term">Opaque</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Translucent" class="cyc_term">Translucent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Transparent" class="cyc_term">Transparent</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/transparencyOfObject" class="cyc_term">transparencyOfObject</a>, which relates an object to its <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font>. transparency ObjectTypeByTransparency A specialization of <font color="#ff0000">#$PhysicalAttribute</font>. Each instance of <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font> is a capacity of some tangible object to transmit light. Instances of <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Opaque" class="cyc_term">Opaque</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Translucent" class="cyc_term">Translucent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Transparent" class="cyc_term">Transparent</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/transparencyOfObject" class="cyc_term">transparencyOfObject</a>, which relates an object to its <font color="#ff0000">#$Transparency</font>. transparency ObjectTypeByTransparency type of temporally and spatially stuff-like thing ExistingStuffType A collection of collections, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TemporalStuffType" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ExistingStuffType" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> is a collection of things (including portions of things) which are both temporally and spatially stufflike. Division in time or space does not destroy the stufflike quality of the object (down to a certain granularity). <p/> <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/isa" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>STUFFTYPE</b> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ExistingStuffType" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>)</code> implies both (i) for most instances <code><b>STUFF</b></code> of <code><b>STUFFTYPE</b></code>, for any proper physical part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/properPhysicalDecompositions" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>) <code><b>PART</b></code> of <code><b>STUFF</b></code>, <code><b>PART</b></code> is also an instance of <code><b>STUFFTYPE</b></code> and (ii) for all instances <code><b>STUFF</b></code> of <code><b>STUFFTYPE</b></code>, for most proper physical parts <code><b>PART</b></code> of <code><b>STUFF</b></code>, <code><b>PART</b></code> is also an instance of <code><b>STUFFTYPE</b></code>. <p/> For example, every piece of wood is temporally stufflike: if W-168 is a piece of wood during 1996, then it's also a piece of wood for the one-minute time-slice 9:05am 7/7/96. It's also spatially stufflike: if we take that piece of wood W-168 and cut it in half, we have two things which are both pieces of wood. Since every piece of wood is both temporally and spatially stufflike, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Wood" class="cyc_term">Wood</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ExistingStuffType" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ExistingStuffType" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> include the collections <font color="#ff0000">#$AppleJuice</font>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/IceCream" class="cyc_term">IceCream</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Diamond" class="cyc_term">Diamond</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/WaxedPaper" class="cyc_term">WaxedPaper</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/StriatedMuscle" class="cyc_term">StriatedMuscle</a>. See the comment for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> to learn more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/StuffType" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ObjectType" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ExistingObjectType" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>.