]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Mx4rGvYQ_tRPQdiQoKATDyF_4w PublicOffice A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. This is the collection of all public offices, whether filled by election (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ElectedOfficial" class="cyc_term">ElectedOfficial</a>), filled by appointment (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/AppointedOffice" class="cyc_term">AppointedOffice</a>), or hereditary (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/HereditaryOffice" class="cyc_term">HereditaryOffice</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PublicOffice" class="cyc_term">PublicOffice</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Mayor" class="cyc_term">Mayor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UnitedStatesPresident" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPresident</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Ambassador" class="cyc_term">Ambassador</a>. public office appointed office AppointedOffice The collection of all public offices normally filled by appointment. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/USStateSecretaryOfState" class="cyc_term">USStateSecretaryOfState</a>. A normally elected or hereditary office filled in an exceptional circumstance by appointment does not become an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/AppointedOffice" class="cyc_term">AppointedOffice</a> as a result. hereditary office HereditaryOffice The collection of all public offices normally filled by a relative of the previous office holder according to some set of rules. Monarchies, for example, are normally hereditary. There are many examples of hereditary offices being seized by persons not in hereditary line of succession. Such seizures of office lead to the cessation of hereditary dynasties if such has been established. second-order Cyc collection The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ThirdOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SecondOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/FirstOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/SecondOrderCollection" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Individual" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection typeGenls Type Genls A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/TaxonomicSlotForCollections" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> (q.v.) that can be used to relate a given collection to a collection-of-collections (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CollectionType" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>) all of whose instances are specializations of the given collection. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/typeGenls" class="cyc_term">typeGenls</a> COLTYPE COL)</code> means that every instance of <code>COLTYPE</code> has <code>COL</code> as a generalization (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/genls" class="cyc_term">genls</a>). For example, <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/typeGenls" class="cyc_term">typeGenls</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CreditCardTypeByBrand" class="cyc_term">CreditCardTypeByBrand</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CreditCard" class="cyc_term">CreditCard</a>)</code> means that each type of credit card is a subcollection of the collection of all credit cards. Note that this does not imply that every subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CreditCard" class="cyc_term">CreditCard</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CreditCardTypeByBrand" class="cyc_term">CreditCardTypeByBrand</a>. type of position A collection of collections. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is a collection representing a type of position in an organization. More precisely, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is the collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Person" class="cyc_term">Person</a> who typically hold that position within some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Organization" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> or other. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Scout" class="cyc_term">Scout</a> is the collection of all persons who are scouts -- e.g. people who lead people through wilderness areas or jungles. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Scout" class="cyc_term">Scout</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> because typically a scout performs those duties within the context of their employment with some organization or other. Some other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Mayor" class="cyc_term">Mayor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/CampaignManager" class="cyc_term">CampaignManager</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Director_Movie" class="cyc_term">Director_Movie</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/BaseballShortstop" class="cyc_term">BaseballShortstop</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Secretary" class="cyc_term">Secretary</a>. Obviously, which position-types are filled in a given organization partly depends on the type of organization it is; thus cities have mayors while business firms do not. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is _not_ a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByOccupation" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> (q.v.); the latter categorizes workers according to the kinds of activities they perform at work rather than the positions organization members hold in their respective organizations. The typical activities of a vice president of a toy manufacturer (e.g.) are likely to be very unlike those of the vice president of a stamp club. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> need not be a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonWithOccupation" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a>. Since every action is taken to be performed as part of one's job in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/JobMt" class="cyc_term">JobMt</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByOccupation" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> there. PersonTypeByPositionInOrg PublicOffice A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. This is the collection of all public offices, whether filled by election (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ElectedOfficial" class="cyc_term">ElectedOfficial</a>), filled by appointment (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/AppointedOffice" class="cyc_term">AppointedOffice</a>), or hereditary (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/HereditaryOffice" class="cyc_term">HereditaryOffice</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PublicOffice" class="cyc_term">PublicOffice</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Mayor" class="cyc_term">Mayor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UnitedStatesPresident" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPresident</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Ambassador" class="cyc_term">Ambassador</a>. public office PublicOffice A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. This is the collection of all public offices, whether filled by election (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ElectedOfficial" class="cyc_term">ElectedOfficial</a>), filled by appointment (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/AppointedOffice" class="cyc_term">AppointedOffice</a>), or hereditary (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/HereditaryOffice" class="cyc_term">HereditaryOffice</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PublicOffice" class="cyc_term">PublicOffice</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Mayor" class="cyc_term">Mayor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UnitedStatesPresident" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPresident</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Ambassador" class="cyc_term">Ambassador</a>. public office PublicOffice A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. This is the collection of all public offices, whether filled by election (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ElectedOfficial" class="cyc_term">ElectedOfficial</a>), filled by appointment (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/AppointedOffice" class="cyc_term">AppointedOffice</a>), or hereditary (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/HereditaryOffice" class="cyc_term">HereditaryOffice</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PublicOffice" class="cyc_term">PublicOffice</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Mayor" class="cyc_term">Mayor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UnitedStatesPresident" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPresident</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Ambassador" class="cyc_term">Ambassador</a>. public office PublicOfficial A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PublicSectorEmployee" class="cyc_term">PublicSectorEmployee</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PublicOfficial" class="cyc_term">PublicOfficial</a> is a person who holds a position that is directly involved with some aspect of governing a country (or subregion of a country). Many public offices in democratically governed countries are filled by election; some are filled by appointment. In other countries, public offices are sometimes filled by succession or by military decree. Note that public offices are represented in Cyc in terms of the collections of officials who hold those offices (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Mayor" class="cyc_term">Mayor</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UnitedStatesPresident" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPresident</a>) together with axioms describing the responsibilities those offices entail. public official PublicOffice A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PersonTypeByPositionInOrg" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. This is the collection of all public offices, whether filled by election (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/ElectedOfficial" class="cyc_term">ElectedOfficial</a>), filled by appointment (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/AppointedOffice" class="cyc_term">AppointedOffice</a>), or hereditary (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/HereditaryOffice" class="cyc_term">HereditaryOffice</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/PublicOffice" class="cyc_term">PublicOffice</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Mayor" class="cyc_term">Mayor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/UnitedStatesPresident" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPresident</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2009/04/07/concept/en/Ambassador" class="cyc_term">Ambassador</a>. public office