]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a> is an event in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> (or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> thereof) thinks about how it will influence a future course of events. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a> is not the same as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkMjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPlan</a>, since one can plan without actually producing a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r9DYNZvBfQdiISKek7wWggA" class="cyc_term">Plan</a>. Rather, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkMjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPlan</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a>. planning Planning plans will have planned will plan had planned planned has planned plan have planned

Planning

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planning (PlanningFn ShootingSomeoneExecutionStyle) planning of execution-style shooting (PlanningFn TerroristAttack) planning of terror attack planning of bombings in which remote-controlled bomb is used (PlanningFn (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Bombing deviceUsed (RemoteControlledDeviceFn Bomb))) planning of murders in which a portable gun is used (PlanningFn (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Murder deviceUsed Gun-Portable)) financial planning FinancialPlanning The collection of all financial planning. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r7uWmyODiQdiZ9qTvf5oP7w" class="cyc_term">FinancialActivity</a>. (PlanningFn SnipingAtSomeone) planning of sniping (PlanningFn PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent) planning of physically attacking an agent planning of torture (PlanningFn Torture) planning of choking (PlanningFn ChokingSomeone) (PlanningFn StabbingSomeone) planning of stabbing planning of murders in which an ax is used (PlanningFn (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Murder deviceUsed Axe)) conspiring ConspiringToDoSomething The collection of events in which two or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> plan together to carry out some illegal or nefarious action, usually secretly. planning to kill (PlanningFn Murder) planning of bombings in which a car bomb is used (PlanningFn (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Bombing deviceUsed CarBomb-VehicleDelivered)) planning of igniting (PlanningFn SettingSomethingOnFire) (PlanningFn (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Murder deviceUsed HandGrenade)) planning of murders in which a hand grenade is used planning to kill This is the collection of acts in which a murder is planned. It is more general than <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ru32qMDnkEdaGrQCgydoeiw" class="cyc_term">PlanningTheKilling</a>, which is the planning performed by the hitman. PlanningAMurder planning of murders in which a waterpipe is used (PlanningFn (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Murder deviceUsed Pipe-Plumbing)) planning of burying someone alive (PlanningFn BuryingSomeoneAlive) making a plan MakingAPlan An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-wD55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanCapabilityType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbkWe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreatingAnArtifact</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkMjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPlan</a> is an event in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> generates a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r9DYNZvBfQdiISKek7wWggA" class="cyc_term">Plan</a> (q.v.). Note that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkMjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPlan</a> do not include (for example, as sub-events) the actual implementation of any plan; an actual implementation of a plan will be an activity that follows some instance of this collection. planning of arson (PlanningFn Arson) A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> is the collection intersection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>; that is, a thing is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> if and only if it is an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> can be constructed from instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv48ocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a> using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r0VWpmNnEQdiJDq0mDlTBkQ" class="cyc_term">ProcessFn</a> (q.v.). ProcessType type of temporally stuff-like thing that is also a type of durative event A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> is an action consciously, volitionally, and purposefully done by (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>) at least one actor. intentional action PurposefulAction (ProcessFn MakingAPlan) planning Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString Event An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> and thus also of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtM0npht0QdiUF94Dipp7Pg" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a> (qq.v). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> is a dynamic situation in which the state of the world changes; each instance is something one would say "happens". Events are intangible because they are changes per se, not tangible objects that effect and undergo changes. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjJE4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s should not be confused with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s (q.v.). The temporal bounds of events are delineated by time intervals, but in contrast to many events time intervals have no spatial location or extent. event An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a> is an event in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> (or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> thereof) thinks about how it will influence a future course of events. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a> is not the same as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkMjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPlan</a>, since one can plan without actually producing a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r9DYNZvBfQdiISKek7wWggA" class="cyc_term">Plan</a>. Rather, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkMjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPlan</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a>. planning Planning wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name TypicalHumanActivityType-AtLeastOnce The collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> such that persons typically are involved in (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjFpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">actors</a>) at least one instance of the activity type in their lifetime. typical human activity type at least once A collection of collections. Each instance of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is an event. Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is a collection with the following property of 'cumulativity': if PROCESS-COL is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>, and PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 are instances of PROCESS-COL, then the minimal event containing PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 (that is, (#$EventSumFn PROCESS-1 PROCESS-2)) is also an instance of PROCESS-COL. CumulativeEventType type of cumulative event Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent A collection of events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a> is an event involving the mental functions of a participant or group of participants (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjFpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">actors</a>) in that event. The collection includes such things as dreaming, perceiving, sensing, theorizing about something, having a realization, making a decision, building something, designing something, and consciously carrying out a task. Note that the above list includes both purposeful events and non-purposeful events that involve mental functions. Note also that any event that has a mental component is also an instance of this collection, so that events like preparing lunch would be classified as instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. In entering knowledge, it is almost always possible and preferable to use one of the specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. If an event seems mostly mental in nature, modulo neurons firing and related brain activity, use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkjZ1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StrictlyMentalEvent</a> or one of its specializations. If it essentially involves both mental and physical activity, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrOVYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a>. For mental events that are intentionally and purposefully performed, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwU3lVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulMentalActivity</a>. partially mental event A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">equals</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWKHbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReformulatorConstant</a> that relates pairs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwE2kWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLClosedDenotationalTerm</a>s. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> is, in a sense, a "directional" version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">equals</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> FAVORED-TERM DISFAVORED-TERM)</code> means that (1) <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> and <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> denote the same thing, and (2) <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> is deemed worthy of being privileged over <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> in the following senses: assertions made on <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> will be propagated to <code>FAVORED-TERM</code>, and whenever possible attempts to reason about <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> will be transformed into attempts to reason about <code>FAVORED-TERM</code>. The propagated assertions will differ from the original assertions only in that the propagated assertions will be the result of substituting <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> for <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> wherever <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> occurs in the original assertions. Note that substitution does not happen in the opposite direction. That is, assertions containing <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> will not propagate to <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. One common use of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> is that in which <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> is a syntactically simpler term than <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. For example, <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> may contain fewer nested terms that denote <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a>s than does <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjxdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesNavy</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGGrfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NavyFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a>)) is a good example of this common sort of use. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> expresses a strictly conventional notion of "directional" equality. Pragmatic considerations, not ontology, will dictate which term is chosen to occur as the privileged (left-hand side) term in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> assertion. Thus, in the example the fact that simpler terms are generally easier to use (remember, manipulate, etc.) dictates that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjxdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesNavy</a> should be a rewrite of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGGrfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NavyFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a>), and not vice versa. Rewrite Of rewriteOf An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a> is an event in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> (or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> thereof) thinks about how it will influence a future course of events. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a> is not the same as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkMjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPlan</a>, since one can plan without actually producing a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r9DYNZvBfQdiISKek7wWggA" class="cyc_term">Plan</a>. Rather, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkMjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPlan</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a>. planning Planning An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a> is an event in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> (or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> thereof) thinks about how it will influence a future course of events. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a> is not the same as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkMjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPlan</a>, since one can plan without actually producing a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r9DYNZvBfQdiISKek7wWggA" class="cyc_term">Plan</a>. Rather, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkMjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPlan</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a>. planning Planning