]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. male Male <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>s having male sex organs and performing male sexual functions, such as fertilizing ova. males

Male

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-male-adjective-1 male animal The collection of all male animals. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rAu7tPpCSQdeeTei3nO_QvQ" class="cyc_term">Male</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaleAnimal</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQWsg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalTypeBySex</a>. MaleAnimal (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToFn HumanTeenager isa Male) teenager who is a male terrorist who is male (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToFn Terrorist hasBiologicalSex Male) The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart</a>s that are generally found only on male animals. Any collection representing a type of body part that is generally found only on male animals should have this collection as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a>. For example, all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjkCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Penis</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViDgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Beard</a> (in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkED5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanPhysiologyMt</a> at least) are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwEnCzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart_Male</a>, and the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjkCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Penis</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViDgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Beard</a> are subsets of it. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvw08XJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart_Female</a>. male body part AnimalBodyPart-Male member of { teenager, Israelis, male } (CollectionIntersectionFn (TheSet HumanTeenager IsraeliPerson Male)) British businessman (CollectionIntersectionFn (TheSet BritishPerson BusinessPerson Male)) President Suharto Suharto Superman The boy-scout-like superhero created by Siegel and Schuster for Action Comics in 1938. Also known as the 'man of steel'. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmkYYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Superman</a>'s alterego is Clark Kent, a bumbling reporter for the Daily Planet newspaper. Superman fights crime in Metropolis, a thinly veiled fictional counterpart of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfNewYorkNY</a>. Superman male <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>s having male sex organs and performing male sexual functions, such as fertilizing ova. Male Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString SpatiallyDisjointObjectType type of object whose instances do not physically overlap A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI male <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>s having male sex organs and performing male sexual functions, such as fertilizing ova. Male (VersusFn BiologicalSex ObjectTypeByGender) Versus Fn sex object type by gender clarifying collection type ClarifyingCollectionType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. Instances are collections that are usefully invoked for purposes of resolving ambiguity and confusion that arise from the use of non-perspicuous languages. Suppose a human or other intelligent agent uses a language, such as a natural language, that is rife with ambiguity, and uses a word WORD of that language whose intended reference is unclear: in the context WORD might refer to THING1 or to THING2, but not both. One strategy for resolving this ambiguity is to find properties of THING1 and THING2, say P1 and P2, that distinguish them from one another, and ask the speaker whether by "WORD," s/he intended to refer to something with P1, or to something with P2. For example, the speaker might use the word "bank," and in response one might ask whether a financial institution or a piece of shoreline was meant. Clearly, what values of P1 and P2 are chosen cannot be arbitrary; asking whether the speaker meant to refer to a multi-individual agent versus a non-agentive place is not as effective as asking the speaker to choose between the "financial institution" and "shoreline" interpretations described above. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> just are those collections -- such as the collection of financial institutions -- that might plausibly be invoked to resolve cases of ambiguity of the kind described here. In particular, suppose TYPE1 is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> and TYPE2 is not, and THING is an instance of both TYPE1 and TYPE2. The fact that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> TYPE1 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a>) is a reason to prefer TYPE1 over TYPE2 when calculating possible clarifying properties for THING. AnimalBySex-Biology-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. animal by sex biology topic Shared Notes A predicate-denoting constant that is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvh8WVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DocumentationPredicate</a>. It is sometimes useful to include the same piece of text in the documentation of two or more constants or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYRiPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLIndexedTerm</a>s. Rather than actually duplicating text in the Knowledge Base, one can create a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPubtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SharedNote</a> (q.v.): a piece of text that is to serve as this shared documentation, and which is itself the comment (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">comment</a>) on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPubtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SharedNote</a>'s constant. (Thus the constants for shared-notes actually denote their own comments.) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPub4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">sharedNotes</a> TERM NOTE) means that NOTE is a string of text (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv65Pt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextString</a>) serving as shared documentation partly about TERM. Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPubtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SharedNote</a>s are typically _shared_, there are likely to be one or more other indexed terms having NOTE as their shared-note as well. sharedNotes BiologicalSex sex The collection of all sexes a plant or animal might have. This is entirely determined by physiological characteristics, whether by the presence of particular reproductive organs or playing a certain role in sexual reproduction. male <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>s having male sex organs and performing male sexual functions, such as fertilizing ova. Male BiologicalLivingObject The collection of all structures that are composed of one or more living cells (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjuY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cell</a>). Biological living objects (or "BLO"s) might either be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> (like dogs or pine trees) or components of such whole living organisms (like noses, tails, and pine needles). The healthy leg of a living person is a BLO (as is the person), but an amputated leg is not a BLO. Almost every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> is either capable of biological reproduction itself or has components which are capable of biological reproduction (such as the cells in a living arm). Red blood cells are abnormal instances of BLO in that they cannot reproduce. living thing