]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Cyanide An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>.Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP6gLhndAQdeULZSdNnMymA" class="cyc_term">Cyanide</a> are harmful substances where each molecule consists of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNHGM4fKpEdaGcgABAxv6tg" class="cyc_term">CyanideIon</a> with one or more atoms of another element. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP6gLhndAQdeULZSdNnMymA" class="cyc_term">Cyanide</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYBDSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CyanogenChloride</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruEn9ymoLQdeV5erh0QePDg" class="cyc_term">SodiumCyanide</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHZmwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HydrogenCyanide</a>. isocyanide CN(-) cyanide Cyanide http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide CyanogenChloride A colorless, poisonous, flammable gas. cyanogen chloride cyanide gas (GaseousFn Cyanide) The collection of all cyanide gas. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP6gLhndAQdeULZSdNnMymA" class="cyc_term">Cyanide</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjFK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GaseousTangibleThing</a>. The collection of all hydrogen cyanide, whether in gaseous form or in solution as hydrocyanic acid [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk4YlSvjcQdaTcrW4KkVszg" class="cyc_term">HydrocyanicAcid</a>]. HydrogenCyanide hydrogen cyanide liquid isocyanide (LiquidFn Cyanide) sodium cyanide The chemical with formula CNNa. It is a precursor to chemical agent <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvfLKW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tabun</a>. SodiumCyanide Cyanide An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>.Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP6gLhndAQdeULZSdNnMymA" class="cyc_term">Cyanide</a> are harmful substances where each molecule consists of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNHGM4fKpEdaGcgABAxv6tg" class="cyc_term">CyanideIon</a> with one or more atoms of another element. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP6gLhndAQdeULZSdNnMymA" class="cyc_term">Cyanide</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYBDSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CyanogenChloride</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruEn9ymoLQdeV5erh0QePDg" class="cyc_term">SodiumCyanide</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHZmwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HydrogenCyanide</a>. isocyanide Cyanide An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>.Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP6gLhndAQdeULZSdNnMymA" class="cyc_term">Cyanide</a> are harmful substances where each molecule consists of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNHGM4fKpEdaGcgABAxv6tg" class="cyc_term">CyanideIon</a> with one or more atoms of another element. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP6gLhndAQdeULZSdNnMymA" class="cyc_term">Cyanide</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYBDSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CyanogenChloride</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruEn9ymoLQdeV5erh0QePDg" class="cyc_term">SodiumCyanide</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHZmwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HydrogenCyanide</a>. isocyanide chemical substance A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> whose instances are defined <i>only</i> by their chemical composition -- not by their physical state or any other property. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> can be of two varieties: <p/> (1) Collections whose instances are completely uniform with each other in terms of chemical composition; this includes (a) the chemical elements -- such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjIQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carbon</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oxygen</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hydrogen</a> -- which are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkIMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons</a> (thus, the latter is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>), and (b) chemical compounds constituted of more than one substance chemically bonded, e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkLW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Caffeine</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj8YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IronOxide</a>, which are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a> <br> (2) Substances which have a general chemical specification, that is, whose instances do not have exactly the same chemical composition but fall within certain specifications, e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXHLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DNAStuff</a>. <p/> Note that collections that are <i>not</i> instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> include collections of substances which have some component which is of overriding significance in some context, so that in everyday language such substances are frequently referred to by the name of their important component (e.g., &quot;penicillin&quot; applied to a tablet containing penicillin), but which have significant admixtures of other substances. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Penicillin</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>, but the collection of tablets containing penicillin and including other ingredients is not. Also, specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjon5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mixture</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViCw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lemonade</a>, are <i>not</i> instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>, because mixtures are determined by their physical state rather than solely by their chemical composition. ChemicalSubstanceType type of weapon basis WeaponBasisType A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrbYX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WeaponBasisType</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>s, instances of which are or can be used as that component or ingredient in a given type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj8V5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Weapon</a> that directly causes harm to the victim or target. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvj9gB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProjectileSlug_Bullet</a> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrbYX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WeaponBasisType</a> for collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVizvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProjectileWeapon</a>s that fire bullets. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString inanimate object A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkF6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject</a> is an (at least partly) tangible thing that is not currently a living structure. Things that were never alive, dead organisms, and dead (or completely non-functioning) organism parts are included in this collection. Examples: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViC4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YaleUniversity</a>, a piece of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi9RpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Meat</a>, a dead armadillo, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgEMDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StatueOfLiberty</a>, and a pile of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgDMLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sawdust</a>. Two important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvakVVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject_Natural</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNwL8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject_NonNatural</a>. InanimateObject chemically harmful substance HarmfulChemicalSubstance A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv83y05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbq2H5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HarmfulChemicalSubstance</a> is a sample of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> or mixture thereof that can kill or incapacitate. Cyanide An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>.Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP6gLhndAQdeULZSdNnMymA" class="cyc_term">Cyanide</a> are harmful substances where each molecule consists of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNHGM4fKpEdaGcgABAxv6tg" class="cyc_term">CyanideIon</a> with one or more atoms of another element. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP6gLhndAQdeULZSdNnMymA" class="cyc_term">Cyanide</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYBDSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CyanogenChloride</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruEn9ymoLQdeV5erh0QePDg" class="cyc_term">SodiumCyanide</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHZmwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HydrogenCyanide</a>. isocyanide The collection of substances that are toxic or poisonous to humans toxic substance ToxicSubstance wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL