]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. arrondissement Arrondissement An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rW7nvfrgqEdmAAAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">Arrondissement</a> is an administrative district of some large French cities.

Arrondissement

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrondissement Second Arrondissement Paris France SecondArrondissement-ParisFrance The second arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. The seventh arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. Seventh Arrondissement Paris France SeventhArrondissement-ParisFrance EighthArrondissement-ParisFrance The eighth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. Among other landmarks, Champs Elysee, Palais de l'Elysee, Place de la Concorde, La Madeleine. Eighth Arrondissement The thirteenth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. ThirteenthArrondissement-ParisFrance Thirteenth Arrondissement Paris France ThirdArrondissement-ParisFrance The third arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. Third Arrondissement Paris France First Arrondissement Paris France FirstArrondissement-ParisFrance The first arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. NinthArrondissement-ParisFrance The ninth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. Ninth Arrondissement Paris France Fourth Arrondissement Paris France FourthArrondissement-ParisFrance The fourth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. The twelfth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. TwelfthArrondissement-ParisFrance Twelfth Arrondissement Paris France Seventeenth Arrondissement SeventeenthArrondissement-ParisFrance The seventeenth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. The eighteenth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. EighteenthArrondissement-ParisFrance Eighteenth Arrondissement Paris France NineteenthArrondissement-ParisFrance Nineteenth Arrondissement Paris France The ninetenth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. FifthArrondissement-ParisFrance the Fifth Arrondissement The fifth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. TenthArrondissement-ParisFrance Tenth Arrondissement Paris France The tenth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. EleventhArrondissement-ParisFrance Eleventh Arrondissement Paris France The eleventh arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. SixthArrondissement-ParisFrance The sixth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. Sixth Arrondissement Paris France Fourteenth Arrondissement Paris France The fourteenth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. FourteenthArrondissement-ParisFrance TwentiethArrondissement-ParisFrance The twentieth arrondissement of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfParisFrance</a>, one of the 20 subdivisions of Paris. Twentieth Arrondissement Paris France city <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> whose territory is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjK7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UrbanArea</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> is a local organization of a human settlement which has its own government. This includes cities, towns, suburbs, villages, hamlets, and townships, as long as they have their own governments. A city government is usually mostly autonomous from the governments of its surrounding regions, rather than being a sub-organization of them. City Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object arrondissement Arrondissement An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rW7nvfrgqEdmAAAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">Arrondissement</a> is an administrative district of some large French cities. arrondissement Arrondissement An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rW7nvfrgqEdmAAAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">Arrondissement</a> is an administrative district of some large French cities. BT broaderTerm <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. political entity GeopoliticalEntity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgent</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a>; instances of this collection control <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> includes a governing body, but is more than just that governing body. Important subcollections include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViIeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Country</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">State_Geopolitical</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjM45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Province</a>. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjkEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfTokyoJapan</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP3jsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BronxNY_Borough</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViMJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Alaska_State</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViJR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rwanda</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjunpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Singapore</a>, #$InnerMongolia, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2K8eJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Somerset_CountyEngland</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVigv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Taiwan_RepublicOfChina</a>. A central feature of this collection is that geopolitical-entities (indeed, all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a>s) are viewed in two significantly different ways with respect to two different types of geography-related microtheories. In a "physical" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvydXJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalGeographyMt</a> and its submicrotheories), geopolitical-entities are clearly distinguished from the regions they control. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> GEO-POL) is used in these contexts to denote the land mass (a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rviE6a5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalRegion</a>) of a given geopolitical-entity GEO-POL. In a "dualist" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvnCA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DualistGeopoliticalMt</a> and its submicrotheories), on the other hand, geopolitical-entities are viewed as being both agents and land masses (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>s). Thus, there is little need for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> in the latter sort of context. (Despite their somewhat paradoxical flavor, dualist microtheories arguably allow Cyc to mimic commonsense reasoning about geopolitical entities and regions more closely than do the stricter physicalist microtheories.) There are also some "generic" geography microtheories (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv6rAIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldGeographyMt</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvr3x_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesGeographyMt</a>) which are neutral with respect to the physical and dualist views. Also see the shared-note for this constant. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name