]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Singing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkKpuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingMusicalSound</a>. This is the most general collection of all singing events, including both human singing (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjUrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Singing_Human</a>) as well as the singing of non-human animals, such as birds; single-doer singing (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNqAqFJVYQdicHJUgsw5JEg" class="cyc_term">Singing_SingleDoerAction</a>), and coordinated singing activity, made up of single doer singing (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgEDoZFxpEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">GroupSinging</a>). singing has sung have sung sings will sing had sung sing sung sang will have sung Singing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing singing Singing-Human The collection of all instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rinJNPlxsEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">Singing</a> performed by one or more humans. GroupSinging group singing The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rinJNPlxsEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">Singing</a> performed by multiple animals engaged in simultaneous instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNqAqFJVYQdicHJUgsw5JEg" class="cyc_term">Singing_SingleDoerAction</a>. Singing-SingleDoerAction An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkKpuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingMusicalSound</a>. This is a generalization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjUrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Singing_Human</a> which includes singing performed by other types of beings, e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi8SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bird</a>s. singing single doer action Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString making music The collection of acts of an agent producing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a> sounds, including <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rinJNPlxsEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">Singing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjUJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAMusicalInstrument</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjUa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Whistling_Human</a>. The production of music by a mechanical device not directly controlled by an agent (such as a radio speaker or a water-powered prayer wheel) is not a member of this collection, but of the more general <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTtQjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProducingMusicalSound</a>. MakingMusicalSound Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL Partitioned Into partitionedInto (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partitionedInto</a> SETORCOL PART) means that the mathematical set or collection PART is a partition of the mathematical set or collection SETORCOL; that is, the elements of PART are themselves mathematical sets or collections, and every element of SETORCOL is an element of exactly one element of PART, and every element of PART is a subset of SETORCOL. In other words, PART is a set or collection of pairwise disjoint sets or collections whose union is co-extensional with SETORCOL. Typically, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk8dxOVcGEdaLwgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">DisjointSetOrCollectionType</a> that plays the role of PART in an assertion about partitioning will be a set specified by enumerating its elements, using the function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcUeB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThePartition</a>. Singing singing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkKpuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingMusicalSound</a>. This is the most general collection of all singing events, including both human singing (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjUrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Singing_Human</a>) as well as the singing of non-human animals, such as birds; single-doer singing (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNqAqFJVYQdicHJUgsw5JEg" class="cyc_term">Singing_SingleDoerAction</a>), and coordinated singing activity, made up of single doer singing (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgEDoZFxpEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">GroupSinging</a>). type of temporally stuff-like thing TemporalStuffType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code><b>COL</b></code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> (with <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> at or above <code><b>COL</b></code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code>. <p/> Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code><b>WALK</b></code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> of <code><b>WALK</b></code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. Singing singing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkKpuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingMusicalSound</a>. This is the most general collection of all singing events, including both human singing (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjUrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Singing_Human</a>) as well as the singing of non-human animals, such as birds; single-doer singing (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNqAqFJVYQdicHJUgsw5JEg" class="cyc_term">Singing_SingleDoerAction</a>), and coordinated singing activity, made up of single doer singing (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgEDoZFxpEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">GroupSinging</a>). (ThePartition GroupSinging Singing-SingleDoerAction) The Partition group singing singing single doer action wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name