]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. LegislativeOrganization A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQrM4nMsbEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Assembly_SocialGroup</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rteh8Dh5sQdeGx9CE3Izj5w" class="cyc_term">LegislativeOrganization</a> is a legislative (lawmaking, policy-formulating) organization that is part of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegionalGovernment</a>. legislative body legislative organization legislature legislative organisations legislatures legislative organizations legislative organisation legislative bodies http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-legislature-noun-1 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-States_General-noun-1 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r4A_2hI2bQdiY2PczkXJ4BQ" class="cyc_term">Parliament</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViKppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalGovernmentOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rteh8Dh5sQdeGx9CE3Izj5w" class="cyc_term">LegislativeOrganization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r4A_2hI2bQdiY2PczkXJ4BQ" class="cyc_term">Parliament</a> is a legislative body of a government which adheres to a parliamentary system (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4raK9PDm24EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ParliamentaryGovernment</a>). Parliament parliament BicameralLegislativeOrganization bicameral legislature A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rteh8Dh5sQdeGx9CE3Izj5w" class="cyc_term">LegislativeOrganization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rPhyVFPRCEdyAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">BicameralLegislativeOrganization</a> is a legislature consisting of two legislative chambers. city council CityCouncil A collection of local government organizations. An element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityCouncil</a> is a governing board which manages an element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a>. In democratic countries, the members of a city council are elected. A city council may govern a city either directly, through a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrzr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mayor</a>, or through a City Manager. Senate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsAwbGh5sQdeCEManQjB6rg" class="cyc_term">Senate</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViKppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalGovernmentOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rteh8Dh5sQdeGx9CE3Izj5w" class="cyc_term">LegislativeOrganization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsAwbGh5sQdeCEManQjB6rg" class="cyc_term">Senate</a> is an organization which has the main responsibility (in part or in whole) of conducting legislative activities on behalf of some government. senate unicameral legislature UnicameralLegislativeOrganization A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rteh8Dh5sQdeGx9CE3Izj5w" class="cyc_term">LegislativeOrganization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rJmzzdvUCEdyAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">UnicameralLegislativeOrganization</a> is a legislature consisting of a single legislative chamber. Senate-Canada the Canadian Senate A branch of the Canadian parliament. USHouseOfRepresentatives the United States House of Representatives The lower house of the legislature in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1W2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">USCongress</a>. The House has 435 seats. Its members are elected by popular vote and serve two-year terms. the United States legislature (LegislatureFn UnitedStatesOfAmerica) the Congress of Deputies CongressOfDeputies-Spain the Spanish Senate Senate-Spain HouseOfLords the House of Lords A branch of the British parliament. A branch of the Canadian parliament. HouseOfCommons-Canada the Canadian House of Commons the House of Commons A branch of the British parliament. HouseOfCommons This constant denotes the legislative (lawmaking, policy-formulating) branch or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi_v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subOrganizations</a> (q.v.) of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQBeUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesFederalGovernment</a>. This includes the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1W2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">USCongress</a> (House, Senate, and their joint committees), its staff, and certain subordinate agencies. the Legislative Branch of the U.S. Government USLegislativeBranch LegislativeOrganization A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQrM4nMsbEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Assembly_SocialGroup</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rteh8Dh5sQdeGx9CE3Izj5w" class="cyc_term">LegislativeOrganization</a> is a legislative (lawmaking, policy-formulating) organization that is part of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegionalGovernment</a>. legislative body <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a> is an organization that is governmental, either departments of one particular government (e.g., the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rviTbqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FederalCommunicationsCommission</a>) or confederations or cooperative groups consisting of different governments or representatives from a number of different governments (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OPEC</a>). Because instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a> cannot properly be said to have owners (rather, they have members), they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>, and, hence, the two collections, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>, are disjoint. governmental organization GovernmentalOrganization Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI LegislativeOrganization A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQrM4nMsbEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Assembly_SocialGroup</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rteh8Dh5sQdeGx9CE3Izj5w" class="cyc_term">LegislativeOrganization</a> is a legislative (lawmaking, policy-formulating) organization that is part of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegionalGovernment</a>. legislative body Assembly-SocialGroup A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rJVcwwrZqEdmFRAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Gathering_SocialGroup</a>. Each instance is a group of persons gathered together for a common purpose. assembly DB pedia OWL class DBPediaOWLClass A collection of collections. Each instance of this collection is a collection that corresponds to one of the classes in the DBPedia ontology. quotedIsa A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rDeDIGEW0EdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">MetaLanguagePredicate</a> (q.v.) that relates CycL expressions to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4raOoTci9qEdma4AACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">SubLExpressionType</a>s (q.v.) of which they are instances. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is thus like a restricted version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (q.v.), but with one important difference: the first argument-place of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is "implicitly quoted" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHb_bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">quotedArgument</a>). So a ground atomic sentence of the form <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> THING EXPR-TYPE)</code> does not mean that <code>THING</code> itself is an instance of <code>EXPR-TYPE</code>. Rather, such a sentence is partly self-referential, and means that the particular CycL expression appearing in the sentence's own first argument-position is an instance of <code>EXPR-TYPE</code>. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> provides a convenient shorthand for stating certain things that would otherwise require explicit quotation (or some other device for naming expressions). This is better illustrated with a specific example. Suppose we wish to state that the CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code> is an instance of the CycL expression type #$PublicConstant. We cannot express this with the straightforward <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> #$PublicConstant)</code>, as that states the falsehood that the IndianOcean itself -- which is not a constant but a body of water -- is a public constant. But we can express precisely what we want like this: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> #$PublicConstant) . </pre> Now <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4oJWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MacroRelation</a> (q.v.), and by its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjg7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">expansion</a> any given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> sentence is equivalent to some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence with an explicitly quoted first argument. The sentence displayed above turns out to be equivalent to: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>) #$PublicConstant). </pre> But the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version has two related practical advantages over the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version. First, the former is syntactically simpler than the latter. Second, the simpler syntax of the former makes it easier to browse in the Knowedge Base: while the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version is conveniently indexed under the KB Browser page for the constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version would apparently be indexed under a separate, brand new page for the term <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>)</code>. Generalizing the point, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> lets us avoid having potentially to double the number of pages currently in the browser. For the semantically more complicated (but rarely encountered) case in which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a>'s first argument-place is filled with an open expression, see the accompanying #$cyclistNotes. Quoted Isa WordNetWorkflowConstant-NotFullyReviewed word net workflow constant not fully reviewed The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvzSRxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLConstant</a>s created from the import of concepts from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtfZxnO-3QdibF4NWtMhnaQ" class="cyc_term">WordNet_Version2_0</a> that have not yet been fully reviewed by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanCyclist</a>. Organization organization The collection of all organizations. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> is a group whose group-members are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>, certain relationships and obligations exist between the members of the organization, or between the organization and its members. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> include both informal and legally constituted organizations. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> can undertake projects, enter into agreements, own property, and do other tasks characteristic of agents; consequently, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> is a specialization of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViKppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalGovernmentOrganization</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. GovernmentOrganizations-Organization-Topic government organizations organization topic type of organization classified by activity A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv392vpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByActivityType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> whose instances engage in the same type of activity. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv392vpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByActivityType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkIkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SellingOrganization</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ServiceOrganization</a>. OrganizationTypeByActivityType