]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Cocaine <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> is a naturally occurring substance present in the leaves of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CocaPlant</a>. Pharmacologically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> has two prominent actions: it is a potent <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVoehJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocalAnesthetic</a>, and it is a powerful <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjC2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stimulant</a>. Psychotropically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> inhibits the re-uptake of dopamine in the brain, causing alertness and heightened energy, a sense of euphoria, decreased anxiety and social inhibitions, and heightened sexuality. Side-effects include addiction, anxiety, depression, irritability, extreme fatigue, and possibly paranoia. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> has been used in South America for more than 3,000 years and in the United States since the 19th century in a variety of forms: coca leaves, coca paste, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVg8HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Powder</a>, and cocaine base (e.g., freebase and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAhDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Crack</a>). cocaine Cocaine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-cocaine-noun-1 Cocaine-Crack <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAhDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Crack</a> is produced by boiling <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVg8HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Powder</a> in a solution of <font color="#ff0000">#$BakingSoda</font> and water, producing 'rocks' of 100-500 miligrams, each about 75-90% pure cocaine. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAhDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Crack</a> is chemically a base form of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a>, and unlike <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVg8HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Powder</a>, vaporizes at a low enough temperature to be smoked, but does not dissolve in water and is not readily absorbed into the body if ingested, snorted, or injected. Therefore is generally smoked in a pipe or cigarette, which produces a very rapid effect on the user. The cocaine reaches the brain within 30 seconds, and maximum physiological and psychotropic effects occur within 1-2 minutes. Another base form of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> is freebase, which is more dangerous to produce than <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAhDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Crack</a>. crack cocaine powder cocaine Cocaine-Powder <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVg8HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Powder</a> is a white, powdery salt (cocaine hydrochloride) produced by reacting coca paste with hydrochloric acid. It is the most commonly used form of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVg8HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Powder</a> cannot be taken into the body by smoking, because it vaporizes at a relatively high temperature. Users 'snort' it (inhale it into the nose), or dissolve it in water and inject it. Cocaine <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> is a naturally occurring substance present in the leaves of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CocaPlant</a>. Pharmacologically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> has two prominent actions: it is a potent <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVoehJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocalAnesthetic</a>, and it is a powerful <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjC2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stimulant</a>. Psychotropically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> inhibits the re-uptake of dopamine in the brain, causing alertness and heightened energy, a sense of euphoria, decreased anxiety and social inhibitions, and heightened sexuality. Side-effects include addiction, anxiety, depression, irritability, extreme fatigue, and possibly paranoia. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> has been used in South America for more than 3,000 years and in the United States since the 19th century in a variety of forms: coca leaves, coca paste, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVg8HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Powder</a>, and cocaine base (e.g., freebase and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAhDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Crack</a>). cocaine alkaloid Alkaloid Instances are pieces of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and usually oxygen, and are often derived from plants. Though poisons, many alkaloids have physiological effects that render them useful as medicines or interesting as narcotics. Some popular and notable alkaloids are curare, altropine, morphine, codeine, cocaine, caffeine, LSD, quinine, serotonin, strychnine, and nicotine. The collection of all vasoconstrictors. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViu95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrugProduct</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP394ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vasoconstrictor</a> is a <font color="#ff0000">#$DrugModeOfActionType</font> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrff5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TherapeuticClassType</a>. Vasoconstrictor vasoconstrictor addictive substance The collection of all addictive substances. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv8FjPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrugSubstance</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1YrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AddictiveSubstance</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. AddictiveSubstance Cocaine <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> is a naturally occurring substance present in the leaves of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CocaPlant</a>. Pharmacologically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> has two prominent actions: it is a potent <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVoehJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocalAnesthetic</a>, and it is a powerful <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjC2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stimulant</a>. Psychotropically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> inhibits the re-uptake of dopamine in the brain, causing alertness and heightened energy, a sense of euphoria, decreased anxiety and social inhibitions, and heightened sexuality. Side-effects include addiction, anxiety, depression, irritability, extreme fatigue, and possibly paranoia. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> has been used in South America for more than 3,000 years and in the United States since the 19th century in a variety of forms: coca leaves, coca paste, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVg8HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Powder</a>, and cocaine base (e.g., freebase and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAhDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Crack</a>). cocaine Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI LocalAnesthetic local anaesthetic Drugs which numb the body to pain and other sensation, but only in the area of the body where they are administered. Consumable substances that stimulate the fight-or-flight syndrome and speed the metabolism. Stimulant upper Drugs whose ingestion, use, sale, or manufacture is prohibited by law. IllegalDrug illegal drug wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name Cocaine <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> is a naturally occurring substance present in the leaves of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CocaPlant</a>. Pharmacologically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> has two prominent actions: it is a potent <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVoehJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocalAnesthetic</a>, and it is a powerful <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjC2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stimulant</a>. Psychotropically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> inhibits the re-uptake of dopamine in the brain, causing alertness and heightened energy, a sense of euphoria, decreased anxiety and social inhibitions, and heightened sexuality. Side-effects include addiction, anxiety, depression, irritability, extreme fatigue, and possibly paranoia. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> has been used in South America for more than 3,000 years and in the United States since the 19th century in a variety of forms: coca leaves, coca paste, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVg8HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Powder</a>, and cocaine base (e.g., freebase and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAhDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Crack</a>). cocaine PharmaceuticalType Elements or chemical compounds which have known biological effects and are consumed in order to produce those effects (or some of them, anyway). Note that not all instances of each of these are consumed to produce those effects. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1fXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nitroglycerine</a> would be an example - sometimes it's consumed for its coronary effects, but sometimes it's consumed in explosions.) This collection was created to distinguish between e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWW-gZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TetracyclineAntibiotic</a> and a mixture whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1ITpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">constituents_Active</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWW-gZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TetracyclineAntibiotic</a>, but in fact only contains 1% of that substance. pharmaceutical