]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwU8hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoercingAnAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> (qq.v.). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a>, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rusnrbLA5QdiNNdXj8EYjCw" class="cyc_term">objectExtorted</a>), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJvJepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blackmail</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCwmdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectionRacketeering</a>. extortion Extortion extorting will have extorted extorted has extorted extort have extorted will extort extorts had extorted

Extortion

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extortion http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-extortion-noun-3 protection racketeering ProtectionRacketeering The collection of activities in which one agent extracts payment from another agent ostensibly for the first agent providing 'protection' services to the second. In protection rackets, there is usually no real threat that the victim needs protecting from, except the racketeer himself. The victim pays the racketeer because he knows that if he doesn't, the racketeer will arrange for some harmful action to occur to the victim's person, family, business, etc. Blackmail blackmail A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which one agent extorts another by threatening to reveal information that would harm them. extortion in which a business is transferred (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Extortion objectExtorted Business) Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString extortion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwU8hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoercingAnAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> (qq.v.). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a>, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rusnrbLA5QdiNNdXj8EYjCw" class="cyc_term">objectExtorted</a>), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJvJepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blackmail</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCwmdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectionRacketeering</a>. Extortion HostileSocialAction A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> is a hostile or pugnacious event, adverse to some agent(s), in which multiple agents, at least one of whom is acting deliberately, take part. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViJvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjgGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoliticalDispute</a>. hostile action CriminalAct criminal act A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a> is a relatively serious <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvnndOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IllegalAction</a>. This excludes relatively minor infractions such as (in most legal systems) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNxXZrF29QdmXa7u9gKY-CA" class="cyc_term">Jaywalking</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTnASCC8oQdiGK8gwuHwqSg" class="cyc_term">Littering</a>. Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI crimeVictim (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv1ilOmHOEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">crimeVictim</a> ACTION AGENT) means that AGENT is in fact a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV8Ow5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">victim</a> in the criminal act ACTION and also that ACTION is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> whose performer intends that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV8Ow5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">victim</a> ACTION AGENT)--i.e., the relation entails (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBGPzWI42EdaAAACgycbQqA" class="cyc_term">intendedVictim</a> ACTION AGENT). Crime Victim TemporalObjectType temporal object type A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally object-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally object-like just in case it generally holds that any proper purely temporal parts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>. More precisely, a collection <code>COL</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> just in case it satisfies the following: For any distinct <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then not <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. For example, none of the proper time-slices of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is itself a calendar year. Likewise for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Conversely, a proper time-slice of a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> might itself be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (e.g. an hour has minutes and seconds as time-slices); so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> is not a temporal-object-type. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally stuff-like. Required Actor Slots A typed-specialization (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">typedGenlPreds</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvo8bsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rolesForEventType</a> (q.v.), whose second argument-place is constrained to instances (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCgF_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">requiredActorSlots</a> EVENTTYPE ACTORSLOT) means that for any instance EVENT of EVENTTYPE, there is some participant ACTOR that fills ACTORSLOT in EVENT (i.e. (ACTORSLOT EVENT ACTOR) holds). For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCgF_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">requiredActorSlots</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>) means that in any creation event some output is created. requiredActorSlots wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name extortion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwU8hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoercingAnAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> (qq.v.). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a>, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rusnrbLA5QdiNNdXj8EYjCw" class="cyc_term">objectExtorted</a>), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJvJepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blackmail</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCwmdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectionRacketeering</a>. Extortion Analyst-PertinentConcept the intelligence analyst reasoning domain An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ret7qgOKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a>. Generally speaking, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r46fYpnaNEduAAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">Analyst_PertinentConcept</a> are concepts and relations such as are used by intelligence analysts reasoning about threat situations. Specifically, all core concepts in this domain (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgycE6OKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">coreConceptOfDomain</a>) are either 1) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 2) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 3:)<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 4) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 5) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyTLHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argGenl</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, or 6) concepts or relations that are instances of instances of #$TKBInterfaceCollection. extortion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwU8hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoercingAnAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> (qq.v.). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a>, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rusnrbLA5QdiNNdXj8EYjCw" class="cyc_term">objectExtorted</a>), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJvJepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blackmail</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCwmdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectionRacketeering</a>. Extortion A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ryIOUhqKeQdiRffIfC9Y1mA" class="cyc_term">ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal</a> is an action type (i.e. a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>) that many legal systems regard as a type of criminal act. Notable instances of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViMd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stealing</a>. act commonly considered criminal ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal CoercingAnAgent A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>s; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwG1h15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InfluencingAnAgent</a>. A paradigm example of coercion is influencing an agent's behavior through a successful (implicit or explicit) threat. dragooning